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Lorscheider CA, Zawadzki CH, Vicari MR, Martins-Santos IC, Artoni RF. Karyotypic diversity of the armoured catfish genus Hypostomus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) in the context of its occurrence and distribution. J Fish Biol 2015; 87:1099-1110. [PMID: 26354325 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study taxonomically reviewed the specimens studied by Artoni & Bertollo (1996) and assimilated species of Hypostomus into three groups according to their cytogenetic characteristics, vagility and occurrence environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lorscheider
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - C H Zawadzki
- Departamento de Biologia/Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - M R Vicari
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - I C Martins-Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - R F Artoni
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil
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Mello LRA, Tasior D, Goll LG, Artoni RF, Vicari MR, Nogaroto V, Almeida MC. Physical map of repetitive DNA and karyotype evolution in three species of the genusOmophoita(Coleoptera: Alticinae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2014.882995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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3
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Terencio ML, Schneider CH, Gross MC, Vicari MR, Farias IP, Passos KB, Feldberg E. Evolutionary dynamics of repetitive DNA in semaprochilodus (characiformes, prochilodontidae): a fish model for sex chromosome differentiation. Sex Dev 2013; 7:325-33. [PMID: 24296872 DOI: 10.1159/000356691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Distribution of 6 microsatellites and 5 transposable elements on the chromosomes of Semaprochilodus taeniurus and S. insignis, commonly referred to as Jaraqui, was performed using their physical mapping with fluorescence in situ hybridization. In this study, we aim to understand the evolutionary dynamics in genomes of S. taeniurus and S. insignis by comparing the position, abundance and contribution of the repetitive sequences in the origins and differentiation of a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system in S. taeniurus. Results revealed that distribution patterns of repetitive DNAs along the chromosomes varied considerably. Hybridization signals were observed on several autosomes in both species; however, in S. taeniurus genome, the repetitive sequences were more abundant. In addition, large clusters of known repetitive sequences were detected in sex chromosomes of S. taeniurus. This observation is notable because the accumulation of repetitive DNAs could reflect the degradation of genetic activities and the differentiation of protosex chromosomes, evolving into the heteromorphic ZW pair observed in S. taeniurus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Terencio
- Laboratório de Citogenômica Animal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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4
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Svidnicki PV, de Carvalho Leite N, Venturelli AC, Camargo RL, Vicari MR, de Almeida MC, Artoni RF, Nogaroto V, Grassiolli S. Swim training restores glucagon-like peptide-1 insulinotropic action in pancreatic islets from monosodium glutamate-obese rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 209:34-44. [PMID: 23746147 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an important modulator of insulin secretion by endocrine pancreas. In the present study, we investigated the effect of swim training on GLP-1 insulinotropic action in pancreatic islets from monosodium glutamate (MSG)-obese rats. METHODS Obesity was induced by neonatal MSG administration. MSG-obese and control (CON) exercised rats swam for 30 min (3 times week(-1) ) for 10 weeks. Pancreatic islets were isolated by colagenase technique and incubated with low (5.6 mM) or high (16.7 mM) glucose concentrations in the presence or absence of GLP-1 (10 nM). In addition, GLP-1 gene expression in ileum was quantified in fasting and glucose conditions. RESULTS Exercise reduced obesity and hyperinsulinemia in MSG-obese rats. Swim training also inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion in islets from both groups. Islets from MSG-obese rats maintained GLP-1 insulinotropic response in low glucose concentration. In contrast, in the presence of high glucose concentration, GLP-1 insulinotropic action was absent in islets from MSG-obese rats. Islets from MSG-exercised rats showed reduced GLP-1 insulinotropic action in the presence of low glucose. However, in high glucose concentration swim training restored GLP-1 insulinotropic response in islets from MSG-obese rats. In all groups, glucose intake increased GLP-1 immunoreactivity and gene expression in ileum cells in relation to fasting conditions. Swim training reduced these parameters only in ileum cells from CON-exercised rats. Neither MSG treatment nor exercise affected GLP-1 expression in the ileum. CONCLUSIONS Exercise avoids insulin hypersecretion restoring GLP-1's insulinotropic action in pancreatic islets from MSG-obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. V. Svidnicki
- Department of Structural Biology; Molecular and Genetic; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
| | - N. de Carvalho Leite
- Department of General Biology; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
| | - A. C. Venturelli
- Department of General Biology; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
| | - R. L. Camargo
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, Physiology and Biophysics; University of Campinas; Campinas; SP; Brazil
| | - M. R. Vicari
- Department of Structural Biology; Molecular and Genetic; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
| | - M. C. de Almeida
- Department of Structural Biology; Molecular and Genetic; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
| | - R. F. Artoni
- Department of Structural Biology; Molecular and Genetic; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
| | - V. Nogaroto
- Department of Structural Biology; Molecular and Genetic; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
| | - S. Grassiolli
- Department of General Biology; State University of Ponta Grossa; Ponta Grossa; PR; Brazil
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Ziemniczak K, Barros AV, Rosa KO, Nogaroto V, Almeida MC, Cestari MM, Moreira-Filho O, Artoni RF, Vicari MR. Comparative cytogenetics of Loricariidae (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes): Emphasis in Neoplecostominae and Hypoptopomatinae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/11250003.2012.676677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Goll LG, Artoni RF, Vicari MR, Nogaroto V, Petitpierre E, Almeida MC. Cytogenetic analysis of Lagria villosa (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae): emphasis on the mechanism of association of the Xy(p) sex chromosomes. Cytogenet Genome Res 2012; 139:29-35. [PMID: 22948411 DOI: 10.1159/000341674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Xy(p) sex determination mechanism is the system most frequent and ancestral to Coleoptera. Moreover, the presence of argyrophilous material associated with the sex bivalent is described as being responsible for the maintenance and association of these chromosomes. There are no karyotype data available regarding the genus Lagria and no consensus in the literature regarding the argyrophilous material present in the lumen of sex bivalent. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the mechanism of sex chromosome bivalent association in Lagria villosa by analyzing the argyrophilous nature of the material present in the Xy(p) lumen. It was also intended to characterize L. villosa cytogenetically. The analysis of meiotic cells showed 2n = 18 = 16+Xy(p) for males and 2n = 18 = 16+XX in females and the meiotic formula was 2n = 8(II)+Xy(p). The C-banding showed blocks of pericentromeric heterochromatin in all chromosomes except in the y(p) chromosome. In these regions, the use of fluorochromes revealed the presence of heterochromatin containing GC rich DNA sequences. The study of synaptonemal complex showed a gradual increase in the electron-density of the axial elements of the sex chromosomes and their association with strongly electron-dense material. The pepsin pretreatment revealed that the material impregnated by silver is protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Goll
- UEPG, Setor de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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Blanco DR, Bertollo LAC, Lui RL, Vicari MR, Margarido VP, Artoni RF, Moreira-Filho O. A new technique for obtaining mitotic chromosome spreads from fishes in the field. J Fish Biol 2012; 81:351-7. [PMID: 22747826 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an adaptation of current methodologies for preparing mitotic chromosomes from fishes, optimized for use in the field. The high-quality preparations obtained using this modified methodology is suitable for subsequent chromosomal analysis. Importantly, this method is particularly useful when specimen collection sites are far from research laboratories or when researchers are working with highly sensitive species that do not survive long outside of their natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Blanco
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Laboraório de Citogenética, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Via Washington Luís Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
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Brito RO, Artoni RF, Vicari MR, Nogaroto V, Silva JC, Matiello RR, Almeida MC. Population structure and genetic diversity analysis in Gynaikothrips uzeli (Zimerman, 1909) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) by RAPD markers. Bull Entomol Res 2012; 102:345-351. [PMID: 22230782 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485311000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Thrips are small insects (0.5-3.0 mm) with distinct habits and life histories characterized by haplodiploid sex determination. In general, low levels of genetic diversity have been reported in haplodiploid insects, although most reports focus on the order Hymenoptera. Therefore, we used RAPD markers to evaluate the structure and both inter- and intra-population genetic variability of Gynaikothrips uzeli (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Six populations, three from Paraná state, southern Brazil, and three from Bahia, northeastern Brazil, were studied. Similarly to other haplodiploid insects, the genetic diversity of G. uzeli was reduced. This result is putatively related to the haplodiploid sex determination system, which yields little genetic variation, and to ecological traits of the studied species, such as the low dispersal abilities and life mode in leaf galls. All individuals were homogeneously clustered in their respective collection sites, forming two main groups in which populations from similar environments were more closely related. The analyzed populations were highly structured, and the genetic variation was higher among than within populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Brito
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Pós-graduação em Biologia Evolutiva, Paraná, Brazil
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9
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Matoso DA, da Silva M, Cortinhas MCS, Cestari MM, de Almeida MC, Vicari MR, Artoni RF. Two genetic stocks of Steindachneridion melanodermatum living in sympatry in nature and genetic variability of wild parents and F₁ generation. Genet Mol Res 2011; 10:2606-12. [PMID: 22057957 DOI: 10.4238/2011.october.25.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Steindachneridion melanodermatum is a large Brazilian catfish, highly prized for sport fishing and for its meat. Specimens of this species, both caught in nature from Iguacu River and F(1) fish born in captivity, were analyzed with regard to patterns of RAPD molecular markers. Genetic similarity ranged from 0.57 to 0.95; two groups were determined for the wild specimens. The results suggest different genetic lineages in sympatry in nature. Heterozygosity and percentage of polymorphic loci were 0.31 and 79% and 0.23 and 62%, respectively, for the two populations of wild specimens and 0.26 and 66%, respectively, for those born in captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Matoso
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Evolução Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil.
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da Silva M, Matoso DA, Vicari MR, de Almeida MC, Margarido VP, Artoni RF. Repetitive DNA and meiotic behavior of sex chromosomes in Gymnotus pantanal (Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae). Cytogenet Genome Res 2011; 135:143-9. [PMID: 21860225 DOI: 10.1159/000330777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neotropical fishes have a low rate of chromosome differentiation between sexes. The present study characterizes the first meiotic analysis of sex chromosomes in the order Gymnotiformes. Gymnotus pantanal - females had 40 chromosomes (14m/sm, 26st/a) and males had 39 chromosomes (15m/sm, 24st/a), with a fundamental number of 54 - showed a multiple sexual determination chromosome system of the type X(1)X(1)X(2)X(2)/X(1)X(2)Y. The heterochromatin is restricted to centromeres of all chromosomes of the karyotype. The meiotic behavior of sex chromosomes involved in this system in males is from a trivalent totally pared in the pachytene stage, with a high degree of similarity. The cells of metaphase II exhibit 19 and 20 chromosomes, normal disjunction of sex chromosomes and the formation of balanced gametes with 18 + Y and 18 + X(1)X(2) chromosomes, respectively. The small amount of heterochromatin and repetitive DNA involved in this system and the high degree of chromosome similarity indicated a recent origin of the X(1)X(1)X(2)X(2)/X(1)X(2)Y system in G. pantanal and suggests the existence of a simple ancestral system with morphologically undifferentiated chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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da Silva M, Matoso DA, Vicari MR, de Almeida MC, Margarido VP, Artoni RF. Physical mapping of 5S rDNA in two species of Knifefishes: Gymnotus pantanal and Gymnotus paraguensis (Gymnotiformes). Cytogenet Genome Res 2011; 134:303-7. [PMID: 21654160 DOI: 10.1159/000328998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical mapping of 5S rDNA in 2 species of knifefishes, Gymnotuspantanal and G. paraguensis (Gymnotiformes), was performed using fluorescence in situ hybridization with a 5S rDNA probe. The 5S rDNA PCR product from the genomes of both species was also sequenced and aligned to determine non-transcribed spacer sequences (NTS). Both species under study had different patterns of 5S rDNA gene cluster distribution. While in the karyotype of G. pantanal two 5S rDNA-bearing pairs were observed, the karyotype of G. paraguensis possessed as many as 19 such pairs. Such multiplication of 5S rDNA gene clusters might be caused by the involvement of transposable elements because the NTS of G. paraguensis was 400 bp long with high identity (90%) with a mobile transposable element called Tc1-like transposon, described from the cyprinid fish Labeo rohita.
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Affiliation(s)
- M da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Brasil
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12
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Pansonato-Alves JC, Vicari MR, Oliveira C, Foresti F. Chromosomal diversification in populations of Characidium cf. gomesi (Teleostei, Crenuchidae). J Fish Biol 2011; 78:183-194. [PMID: 21235554 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02847.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Comparative cytogenetic studies carried out in two populations of Characidium cf. gomesi from Botucatu region, SP, Brazil, showed a similar karyotypic structure in a diploid number of 50 chromosomes, 32 metacentric and 18 submetacentric chromosomes for males and 31 metacentric and 19 submetacentric chromosomes for females as well as a ZZ-ZW sex chromosome system. Differences between both populations, however, were found in relation to the occurrence of B chromosomes and the distribution of 18S and 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sites. Characidium cf. gomesi from the Alambari Stream, a component of the Tietê River basin, revealed 18S rDNA on Z and W chromosomes, while this gene was located on autosomes in the sample from the Paranapanema River basin. The 5S rDNA sites were observed in a single chromosomal pair (number 25) in the populations from Paranapanema and in two pairs in the specimens from Tietê (numbers 20 and 25). Besides that, in the sample from Paranapanema, both inter and intra-individual variations were found due to the occurrence of up to four heterochromatic supernumerary chromosomes in the cells. The life mode of this fish, restricted to headwaters and subjected to frequent breakdown into sub-populations, may have contributed to the fixation of such chromosomal differences. The karyotypic similarities found in the analysed populations, however, suggest that all are descended from the same ancestor group whereas their differences indicate that they are already existing in reproductively isolated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Pansonato-Alves
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Cioffi MB, Martins C, Vicari MR, Rebordinos L, Bertollo LAC. Differentiation of the XY sex chromosomes in the fish Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae): unusual accumulation of repetitive sequences on the X chromosome. Sex Dev 2010; 4:176-85. [PMID: 20502069 DOI: 10.1159/000309726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The wolf fish Hoplias malabaricus (Erythrinidae) presents a high karyotypic diversity, with 7 karyomorphs identified. Karyomorph A is characterized by 2n = 42 chromosomes, without morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes. Karyomorph B also has 2n = 42 chromosomes for both sexes, but differs by a distinct heteromorphic XX/XY sex chromosome system. The cytogenetic mapping of 5 classes of repetitive DNA indicated similarities between both karyomorphs and the probable derivation of the XY chromosomes from pair No. 21 of karyomorph A. These chromosomes appear to be homeologous since the distribution of (GATA)(n) sequences, 18S rDNA and 5SHindIII-DNA sites supports their potential relatedness. Our data indicate that the differentiation of the long arms of the X chromosome occurred by accumulation of heterochromatin and 18S rDNA cistrons from the ancestral homomorphic pair No. 21 present in karyomorph A. These findings are further supported by the distribution of the Cot-1 DNA fraction. In addition, while the 18S rDNA cistrons were maintained and amplified on the X chromosomes, they were lost in the Y chromosome. The X chromosome was a clearly preferred site for the accumulation of DNA repeats, representing an unusual example of an X clustering more repetitive sequences than the Y during sex chromosome differentiation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Cioffi
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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14
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Vicari MR, Nogaroto V, Noleto RB, Cestari MM, Cioffi MB, Almeida MC, Moreira-Filho O, Bertollo LAC, Artoni RF. Satellite DNA and chromosomes in Neotropical fishes: methods, applications and perspectives. J Fish Biol 2010; 76:1094-116. [PMID: 20409164 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive heterochromatin represents a substantial portion of the eukaryote genome, and it is mainly composed of tandemly repeated DNA sequences, such as satellite DNAs, which are also enriched by other dispersed repeated elements, including transposons. Studies on the organization, structure, composition and in situ localization of satellite DNAs have led to consistent advances in the understanding of the genome evolution of species, with a particular focus on heterochromatic domains, the diversification of heteromorphic sex chromosomes and the origin and maintenance of B chromosomes. Satellite DNAs can be chromosome specific or species specific, or they can characterize different species from a genus, family or even representatives of a given order. In some cases, the presence of these repeated elements in members of a single clade has enabled inferences of a phylogenetic nature. Genomic DNA restriction, using specific enzymes, is the most frequently used method for isolating satellite DNAs. Recent methods such as C(0)t-1 DNA and chromosome microdissection, however, have proven to be efficient alternatives for the study of this class of DNA. Neotropical ichthyofauna is extremely rich and diverse enabling multiple approaches with regard to the differentiation and evolution of the genome. Genome components of some species and genera have been isolated, mapped and correlated with possible functions and structures of the chromosomes. The 5SHindIII-DNA satellite DNA, which is specific to Hoplias malabaricus of the Erythrinidae family, has an exclusively centromeric location. The As51 satellite DNA, which is closely correlated with the genome diversification of some species from the genus Astyanax, has also been used to infer relationships between species. In the Prochilodontidae family, two repetitive DNA sequences were mapped on the chromosomes, and the SATH 1 satellite DNA is associated with the origin of heterochromatic B chromosomes in Prochilodus lineatus. Among species of the genus Characidium and the Parodontidae family, amplifications of satellite DNAs have demonstrated that these sequences are related to the differentiation of heteromorphic sex chromosomes. The possible elimination of satellite DNA units could explain the genome compaction that occurs among some species of Neotropical Tetraodontiformes. These topics are discussed in the present review, showing the importance of satellite DNA analysis in the differentiation and karyotype evolution of Actinopterygii.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Vicari
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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Bellafronte E, Vicari MR, Artoni RF, Margarido VP, Moreira-Filho O. Differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes in Apareiodon ibitiensis (Teleostei, Parodontidae): cytotaxonomy and biogeography. J Fish Biol 2009; 75:2313-2325. [PMID: 20738689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Conventional and molecular chromosomal analyses were carried out on three populations of Apareiodon ibitiensis sampled from the hydrographic basins of the São Francisco River and Upper Paraná River (Brazil). The results reveal a conserved diploid number (2n = 54 chromosomes), a karyotype formula consisting of 50 m-sm + 4st and a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system that has not been previously identified for the species. C-banding analysis with propidium iodide staining revealed centromeric and terminal bands located in the chromosomes of the specimens from the three populations and allowed the identification of heteromorphism of heterochromatin regions in the Z and W chromosomes. The number of 18S sites located through fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) varied between the populations of the São Francisco and Upper Paraná Rivers. The location of 5S rDNA sites proved comparable in one pair of metacentric chromosomes. Thus, the present study proposes a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system for A. ibitiensis among the Parodontidae, and a hypothesis is presented regarding possible W chromosome differentiation stages in this species through DNA accumulation, showing geographical variations for this characteristic, possibly as a consequence of geographical reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bellafronte
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís (SP 310) Km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Kantek DLZ, Vicari MR, Peres WAM, Cestari MM, Artoni RF, Bertollo LAC, Moreira-Filho O. Chromosomal location and distribution of As51 satellite DNA in five species of the genus Astyanax (Teleostei, Characidae, Incertae sedis). J Fish Biol 2009; 75:408-421. [PMID: 20738546 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive heterochromatin makes up a substantial portion of the genome of eukaryotes and is composed mainly of satellite DNA repeating sequences in tandem. Some satellite DNAs may have been derived from transposable elements. These repetitive sequences represent a highly dynamic component of rapid evolution in genomes. Among the genus Astyanax, the As51 satellite DNA is found in species that have large distal heterochromatic blocks, which may be considered as derived from a transposable DNA element. In the present study, As51 satellite DNA was mapped through in situ fluorescent hybridization in the chromosomes of five species of the genus. The possible roles of this type of saltatory DNA type in the genome of the species are discussed, along with its use for the phylogenetic grouping of the genus Astyanax, together with other shared chromosomal characters. However, the number of As51 clusters is presented as a homoplastic characteristic, thereby indicating evident genomic diversification of species with this type of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Z Kantek
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Laboratório de Citogenética, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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17
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Noleto RB, Amorim AP, Vicari MR, Artoni RF, Cestari MM. An unusual ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system in Characidium fishes (Crenuchidae, Characiformes) with the presence of rDNA sites. J Fish Biol 2009; 75:448-453. [PMID: 20738550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Characidium fishes with a sex chromosome system form a monophyletic group. This work presents data of Characidium lanei from the South Atlantic basin (Brazil), including an unknown type of ZW sex chromosome system for the groups including the presence of rDNA sites on sex chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Noleto
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Genética, Centro Politécnico, Caixa Postal 19071, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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18
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Morelli S, Vicari MR, Bertollo LAC. Evolutionary cytogenetics of the Hoplias lacerdae, Miranda Ribeiro, 1908 group. A particular pathway concerning the other Erythrinidae fish. BRAZ J BIOL 2008; 67:897-903. [PMID: 18278357 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842007000500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomy/systematics of the Erythrinidae fish is still imprecise, with several doubts on their relationships. Karyotypes and chromosomal characteristics of some species of the Hoplias lacerdae group (Erythrinidae), from different Brazilian hydrographic basins and pisciculture stations, were analyzed in the present study, using conventional Giemsa staining, C-banding, silver staining, Mithramycin and Distamycin/DAPI fluorochromes, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). A diploid chromosome number of 2n = 50 and karyotypes composed of meta- and submetacentric chromosomes without sex-related differences were found. Only one active NOR (Nucleolar Organizer Region) site was found, which was identified by silver staining (Ag-NOR) and FISH, located on the chromosome pair 11, although additional 45S rDNA sites were also mapped on other chromosome pairs only by FISH. The Ag-NOR of the chromosome pair 11 was found to be GC-rich, appearing positive after Mithramycin staining. Mithramycin-positive/DAPI-negative sites were also observed in the centromeric/pericentomeric regions of the chromosome pairs 4, 6, 15, and 19, which have also affinity to silver nitrate. However, these four sites were not detected by FISH with the rDNA probe, indicating to be only argentophilic GC-rich heterochromatic regions. Chromosome data show that the karyotype evolution in Hoplias lacerdae group is relatively conserved and follows a particular pathway concerning the other Erythrinidae fishes, such as Hoplias malabaricus, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, and Erythrinus erythrinus, in which polytypic karyotypes are found. Thus, the H. lacerdae group shows chromosome features that are not closely related to those of the congeneric H. malabaricus group. These finds, together with genetic and morphologic data, are important tools to be considered in a major revision of the Erythrinidae family, as well as for conservation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morelli
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Mutagênese, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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19
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Vicari MR, Moreira-Filho O, Artoni RF, Bertollo LAC. ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system in an undescribed species of the genus Apareiodon (Characiformes, Parodontidae). Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 114:163-8. [PMID: 16825769 DOI: 10.1159/000093333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The chromosomes of an undescribed species of the genus Apareiodon (Characiformes, Parodontidae) from the Verde River, a headwater affluent of the Tibagi River (Paraná State, Brazil), were investigated using conventional Giemsa and Ag stainings, C-banding, CMA(3) fluorescence and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using 18S and 5S rDNA probes. The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 54, with the karyotype composed of 48 meta/submetacentric and six subtelocentric chromosomes in males, and 47 meta/submetacentric + seven subtelocentric chromosomes in females. The difference is hypothesized to be due to a ZZ/ZW heteromorphic sex chromosome system, a cytotaxonomic characteristic previously observed only in some species of the genus Parodon (family Parodontidae). The presence of similar and/or identical heteromorphic sex chromosome systems might suggest that species of the genera Parodon and Apareiodon bearing ZZ/ZW heteromorphic sex chromosomes likely constitute a monophyletic group, a hypothesis to be tested by a robust phylogeny of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Vicari
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Depto. de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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20
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Artoni RF, Terêncio ML, Vicari MR, Matiello MCA, Cestari MM, Bertollo LAC. Cytogenetics of two sympatric Corydoras species (pisces, siluriformes, challichtyidae) of Southern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2006; 66:191-8. [PMID: 16710512 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842006000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Karyotypic data are presented for two sympatric Corydoras species of the Lagoa Dourada, namely, C. ehrhadti and C. paleatus, which are found in the upper Tibagi river basin (Ponta Grossa, State of Paraná, Brazil). The same diploid number and karyotypic formula were observed in both species/populations. A great similarity in the constitutive heterochromatin distribution and in the activity of nucleolar organizer regions was also found. The use of in situ hybridization with a fluorescent 18S rDNA probe allowed for the identification of the species/populations through the location of ribosomal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Artoni
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, CEP 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
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21
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Vicari MR, Artoni RF, Bertollo LAC. Heterochromatin polymorphism associated with 18S rDNA: a differential pathway among Hoplias malabaricus fish populations. Cytogenet Genome Res 2004; 101:24-8. [PMID: 14571132 DOI: 10.1159/000073413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of constitutive heterochromatin has showed a relevant association with karyotypic evolution in several animal groups. In the present paper, a polymorphic condition for a heterochromatic segment overlapping a nucleolar organizer region in the fish species Hoplias malabaricus from the Iguaçu river, Southern Brazil, was analyzed. In accordance with previous studies, this population belongs to cytotype A, showing 2n = 42 meta-submetacentric chromosomes, without differentiation of sex chromosomes. Three phenotypes were established with regard to the heterochromatin located near the centromere of chromosome pair 16, and named rr for homomorphic reduced bands, dd for homomorphic duplicated bands and rd for the heteromorphic condition. The rr phenotype was predominant (70.6%), followed by rd (23.5%) and dd (5.9%), showing Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the population. In addition, the 18S rDNA sites also show the polymorphic condition. A possible role for this NOR/heterochromatin segment in the evolution of sex chromosomes in other H. malabaricus cytotypes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Vicari
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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