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Ballal S. A brief account of evolution of assays to study carbohydrate-protein interaction. J Mol Recognit 2024; 37:e3065. [PMID: 37864321 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Molecular recognition remains one of the most desirable means of cellular communication. Each cell offers a unique surface pattern of biomolecules that makes it very specific about the nature of molecules that interact with the cell. Protein-glycan interaction has been one of the most common forms of cell signaling. Glycans expressed on the cell surface interact with an exogenous protein, and in many cases lead to a physiological response. These carbohydrate-binding proteins, commonly known as lectins, are very specific to the glycan they bind to. An exogenous lectin interacting with an animal cell surface glycan is generally studied using the classical hemagglutination assay. However, this method presents certain challenges that make it imperative to design and develop novel methods that are more specific and efficient in their interaction. In the last decade, a few methods have been developed to analyze more diverse reactions and use a lesser amount of sample. In some cases, the processing of the sample is also reduced. This review discusses how the methods have evolved over the decades and how they have reduced error while becoming more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Ballal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jain (Deemed to be) University, Bengaluru, India
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2
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Möller K, Safai Zadeh E, Görg C, Dong Y, Cui XW, Faiss S, Dietrich CF. Prevalence of benign focal liver lesions and non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignant lesions in liver cirrhosis. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 61:526-535. [PMID: 36413993 DOI: 10.1055/a-1890-5818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLiver cirrhosis is associated with an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, other benign and malignant liver lesions may co-exist or may be the only focal liver lesion (FLL) detected. Compared to HCC, comparatively little is known about the frequency and natural history of benign FLL in patients with established liver cirrhosis.This review analyses the prevalence and frequency of benign and malignant FLL others than hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in liver cirrhosis including imaging and autopsy studies. Understanding these data should be helpful in avoiding misdiagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehsan Safai Zadeh
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Infectiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Görg
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Infectiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Yi Dong
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Wu Cui
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Christoph F. Dietrich
- Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM) Kliniken Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Mahdieh Z, Cherne MD, Fredrikson JP, Sidar B, Sanchez HS, Chang CB, Bimczok D, Wilking JN. Granular Matrigel: restructuring a trusted extracellular matrix material for improved permeability. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35609584 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac7306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Matrigel is a polymeric extracellular matrix material produced by mouse cancer cells. Over the past four decades, Matrigel has been shown to support a wide variety of two- and three-dimensional cell and tissue culture applications including organoids. Despite widespread use, transport of molecules, cells, and colloidal particles through Matrigel can be limited. These limitations restrict cell growth, viability, and function and limit Matrigel applications. A strategy to improve transport through a hydrogel without modifying the chemistry or composition of the gel is to physically restructure the material into microscopic microgels and then pack them together to form a porous material. These 'granular' hydrogels have been created using a variety of synthetic hydrogels, but granular hydrogels composed of Matrigel have not yet been reported. Here we present a drop-based microfluidics approach for structuring Matrigel into a three-dimensional, mesoporous material composed of packed Matrigel microgels, which we call granular Matrigel. We show that restructuring Matrigel in this manner enhances the transport of colloidal particles and human dendritic cells (DCs) through the gel while providing sufficient mechanical support for culture of human gastric organoids (HGOs) and co-culture of human DCs with HGOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mahdieh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America.,Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Michelle D Cherne
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Jacob P Fredrikson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America.,Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Barkan Sidar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America.,Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Humberto S Sanchez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America.,Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Connie B Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America.,Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - James N Wilking
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America.,Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
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Mahdi Z, Ettel MG, Gonzalez RS, Hart J, Alpert L, Fang J, Liu N, Hammer ST, Panarelli N, Cheng J, Greenson JK, Swanson PE, Westerhoff M. Metastases can occur in cirrhotic livers with patent portal veins. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:18. [PMID: 33639984 PMCID: PMC7913426 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Metastases are common in non-cirrhotic livers but are considered unlikely in the setting of cirrhosis. However, the degree of fibrosis in cirrhosis may vary; thus metastases may still access the liver vasculature and present as a mass in cirrhotic livers. This possibility may affect pathologists’ diagnostic algorithms when faced with a liver mass biopsy. Methods We hypothesized that metastases can occur in cirrhotic livers if fibrous remodeling is not severe or abnormal veno-arterial shunting exists to override an obstructed portal system. We searched departmental archives for cirrhotic livers with masses, categorizing fibrosis by Laennec staging: 4A = mild cirrhosis, 4B = moderate, 4 C = severe. Results Of 1453 cirrhotic livers with masses, 1429 were primary tumors and 24 were metastases (1.7 %). Of livers with metastases, most had 4A or 4B cirrhosis by Laennec staging (n = 17; 71 %). Eleven patients were evaluated by ultrasound Doppler; 2 of 5 with Laennec 4 C had reversal of portal vein flow, but all 4A & 4B patients had patent portal veins without reversed flow. Echocardiograms (13 patients) showed no ventricular or atrial septal defects or arteriovenous shunts. Conclusions Metastases are uncommon in cirrhotic livers, accounting for 1.7 % of masses. Most involved livers had mild or moderate cirrhosis (Laennec 4A/4B) and patent portal veins; however, as some Laennec 4 C cases also contained metastases, obstructed portal access may not be enough to deter metastatic access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Mahdi
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark G Ettel
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Raul S Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Hart
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lindsay Alpert
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiayun Fang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Faculty Suite Rm. 36-1221-65 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 35, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Natalia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Faculty Suite Rm. 36-1221-65 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 35, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Suntrea T Hammer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nicole Panarelli
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jerome Cheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Faculty Suite Rm. 36-1221-65 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 35, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joel K Greenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Faculty Suite Rm. 36-1221-65 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 35, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul E Swanson
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Westerhoff
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Faculty Suite Rm. 36-1221-65 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 35, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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5
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Yang L, Gao H, Wu K, Zhang H, Li C, Tang L. Identification of Cancerlectins By Using Cascade Linear Discriminant Analysis and Optimal g-gap Tripeptide Composition. Curr Bioinform 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893614666190730103156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Lectins are a diverse group of glycoproteins or glycoconjugate proteins
that can be extracted from plants, invertebrates and higher animals. Cancerlectins, a kind of lectins,
which play a key role in the process of tumor cells interacting with each other and are being employed
as therapeutic agents. A full understanding of cancerlectins is significant because it provides
a tool for the future direction of cancer therapy.
Objective:
To develop an accurate and practically useful timesaving tool to identify cancerlectins.
A novel sequence-based method is proposed along with a correlative webserver to access the proposed
tool.
Methods:
Firstly, protein features were extracted in a newly feature building way termed, g-gap
tripeptide composition. After which a proposed cascade linear discriminant analysis (Cascade
LDA) is used to alleviate the high dimensional difficulties with the Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA)
as a feature importance criterion. Finally, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as the classifier
to identify cancerlectins.
Results:
The proposed method achieved an accuracy of 91.34% with sensitivity of 89.89%, specificity
of 92.48% and an 0.8318 Mathew’s correlation coefficient based on only 13 fusion features
in jackknife cross validation, the result of which is superior to other published methods in this domain.
Conclusion:
In this study, a new method based only on primary structure of protein is proposed
and experimental results show that it could be a promising tool to identify cancerlectins. An openaccess
webserver is made available in this work to facilitate other related works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Yang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keyu Wu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Changyu Li
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixia Tang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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6
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Hiremath KY, Jagadeesh N, Belur S, Kulkarni SS, Inamdar SR. A lectin with anti-microbial and anti proliferative activities from Lantana camara, a medicinal plant. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 170:105574. [PMID: 31978534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lectins are known to possess interesting biological properties such as anti microbial, nematicidal, anti tumor and anti viral activities. Lantana camara from verbenaceae family is a medicinal plant known for possessing anti oxidant and anticancer activities. Since anticancer activity is reported in plant lectins, leaves of Lantana camara was used to check the presence of lectin. METHODS AND RESULTS Here we report the purification, characterization and biological properties of a lectin from Lantana camara (LCL) leaves. LCL was purified by ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose column followed by affinity chromatography on mucin coupled Sepharose 4B column and gel filtration chromatography on Superdex G75 column. LCL is a glycoprotein with 10% of the carbohydrate and is blood group non specific. SDS-PAGE analysis of affinity purified LCL showed two proteins with apparent molecular weight of 14.49 kDa and 17.4 kDa which were subsequently separated by Gel filtration chromatography on Superdex G75 column. Hapten inhibition studies of LCL revealed its highest affinity for Chitin, Milibiose, α-D-Methyl galactopyranoside and glycoproteins like mucin, asialomucin. LCL showed strong binding to human colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cells with MFI of 242 which was effectively blocked by 68.1 and 62.5% by both mucin and milibiose. LCL showed dose and time dependent growth inhibitory effects on HT29 cells with IC50 of 3.75 μg/ml at 48 h. LCL has potent antibacterial and anti fungal activity. CONCLUSION LCL can be explored for its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Y Hiremath
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
| | | | - Shivakumar Belur
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
| | - Supreeth S Kulkarni
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
| | - Shashikala R Inamdar
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India.
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7
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Hegde P, Narasimhappagari J, Swamy BM, Inamdar SR. Efficacy studies of
Sclerotium rolfsii
lectin on breast cancer using NOD SCID mouse model. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1488-1496. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Hegde
- Department of Studies in BiochemistryKarnatak University Dharwad India
| | | | - Bale M. Swamy
- Department of Studies in BiochemistryKarnatak University Dharwad India
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8
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Hegde P, Rajakumar SB, Swamy BM, Inamdar SR. A mitogenic lectin from
Rhizoctonia bataticola
arrests growth, inhibits metastasis, and induces apoptosis in human colon epithelial cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5632-5645. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Hegde
- Department of Studies in BiochemistryKarnatak UniversityDharwadKarnatakaIndia
| | | | - Bale M. Swamy
- Department of Studies in BiochemistryKarnatak UniversityDharwadKarnatakaIndia
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9
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An overview of lectin–glycan interactions: a key event in initiating fungal infection and pathogenesis. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:371-382. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1487-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Leite JFM, Assreuy AMS, Mota MRL, Bringel PHDSF, e Lacerda RR, Gomes VDM, Cajazeiras JB, do Nascimento KS, Pessôa HDLF, Gadelha CADA, Delatorre P, Cavada BS, Santi-Gadelha T. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of a lectin-like substance from Clitoria fairchildiana R. Howard seeds. Molecules 2012; 17:3277-90. [PMID: 22418929 PMCID: PMC6268884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17033277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are proteins that have the ability to bind specifically and reversibly to carbohydrates and glycoconjugates, without altering the structure of the glycosyl ligand. They are found in organisms such as viruses, plants and humans, and they have been shown to possess important biological activities. The objective of this study was to purify and characterize lectins in the seeds of Clitoria fairchildiana, as well as to verify their biological activities. The results indicated the presence of a lectin (CFAL) in the glutelin acid protein fraction, which agglutinated native rabbit erythrocytes. CFAL was purified by column chromatography ion-exchange, DEAE-Sephacel, which was obtained from a peak of protein retained in the matrix by applying 0.5 M NaCl using the step-wise method. Electrophoretic analysis of this lectin in SDS-PAGE indicated a two band pattern protein molecular mass of approximately 100 and 116 kDa. CFAL proved to be unspecific to all carbohydrates/glycoconjugates in common use for the sugar inhibition test. This lectin showed no significant cytotoxicity to human red blood cells. It was observed that CFAL has anti-inflammatory activity in the paw edema induced by carrageenan model, in which a 64% diminution in edema was observed. Antinociceptive effects were observed for CFAL in the abdominal writhing test (induced by acetic acid), in which increasing doses of the lectin caused reduction in the number of contortions by up to 72%. It was concluded that the purified and characterized lectin from the seeds of Clitoria fairchildiana has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity, and is not cytotoxic to human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Filomena Magalhães Leite
- Laboratory of Biologically Actives Molecules, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, P.O. Box 6043, CEP 60455-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; (J.F.M.L.); (J.B.C.); (K.S.N.)
| | - Ana Maria Sampaio Assreuy
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará-Itaperi, CEP 60740-000, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; (A.M.S.A.); (P.H.S.F.B.)
| | - Mário Rogério Lima Mota
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, CEP 60430-160, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; (M.R.L.M.)
| | | | - Rodrigo Rodrigues e Lacerda
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, CEP 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (R.R.L.); (V.M.G.); (H.L.F.P.); (C.A.A.G.); (P.D.)
| | - Vinícius de Morais Gomes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, CEP 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (R.R.L.); (V.M.G.); (H.L.F.P.); (C.A.A.G.); (P.D.)
| | - João Batista Cajazeiras
- Laboratory of Biologically Actives Molecules, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, P.O. Box 6043, CEP 60455-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; (J.F.M.L.); (J.B.C.); (K.S.N.)
| | - Kyria Santiago do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Biologically Actives Molecules, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, P.O. Box 6043, CEP 60455-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; (J.F.M.L.); (J.B.C.); (K.S.N.)
| | - Hilzeth de Luna Freire Pessôa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, CEP 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (R.R.L.); (V.M.G.); (H.L.F.P.); (C.A.A.G.); (P.D.)
| | - Carlos Alberto de Almeida Gadelha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, CEP 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (R.R.L.); (V.M.G.); (H.L.F.P.); (C.A.A.G.); (P.D.)
| | - Plinio Delatorre
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, CEP 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (R.R.L.); (V.M.G.); (H.L.F.P.); (C.A.A.G.); (P.D.)
| | - Benildo Sousa Cavada
- Laboratory of Biologically Actives Molecules, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, P.O. Box 6043, CEP 60455-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; (J.F.M.L.); (J.B.C.); (K.S.N.)
| | - Tatiane Santi-Gadelha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, CEP 58059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (R.R.L.); (V.M.G.); (H.L.F.P.); (C.A.A.G.); (P.D.)
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Helena Madruga Lima-Ribeiro M, Santos-Oliveira R, Firmino de Santana M, de Jesus Andreoli Pinto T, Satiko Kikuchi I, Gonçalves Mothé C, Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho L, Tereza dos Santos Correia M, Maria dos Anjos Carneiro-Leão A. <i>In Vitro</i> Evaluation of Gamma Irradiation on a Gel Formulation of Cratylia Mollis: Rheological Proporties and Microbiological Control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jcdsa.2012.22011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Radiolabeling of cramoll 1,4: evaluation of the biodistribution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDES 2011; 2011:945397. [PMID: 21760823 PMCID: PMC3133851 DOI: 10.1155/2011/945397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cramoll 1,4 is a well-studied lectin. However, few studies about its biodistribution have been done before. In this study, we radiolabeled the cramol 1,4 with Tc-99m and analyzed the biodistribution. The results showed that the cramol has an abnormal uptake by the bowel with reflections on its clearance mechanism.
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13
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Hartmann M, Lindhorst TK. The Bacterial Lectin FimH, a Target for Drug Discovery – Carbohydrate Inhibitors of Type 1 Fimbriae‐Mediated Bacterial Adhesion. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Hartmann
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel Otto‐Hahn‐Platz 3/4, 24098 Kiel, Germany, Fax: +49‐431‐880‐7410
| | - Thisbe K. Lindhorst
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel Otto‐Hahn‐Platz 3/4, 24098 Kiel, Germany, Fax: +49‐431‐880‐7410
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14
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McKee MD, Pedraza CE, Kaartinen MT. Osteopontin and wound healing in bone. Cells Tissues Organs 2011; 194:313-9. [PMID: 21576907 DOI: 10.1159/000324244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone wound healing after surgical drilling/cutting initially involves a typical inflammatory response with a leukocyte-rich cell infiltrate whose professional phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) clear the wound site of various bacterial (if present), particulate, and insoluble components arising from the original wounding event. As part of this process, in a surgical model of bone repair in rats, osteopontin (OPN) secreted by macrophages - with its known mineral-binding properties arising from abundant calcium-binding phosphorylations and overall net negative charge - binds to the newly exposed mineralized surfaces of particulate bone debris and the osseous wound margins created by the drilling, as shown by high-resolution immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy. For bone debris powder, OPN serves as an opsonin for clearance by macrophage phagocytosis, as demonstrated in vitro by phagocytosis assays using cultured J774.A1 murine macrophages and OPN-coated microbeads. Macrophage-secreted OPN binding to the bone wound margins contributes to cement line (plane) formation with subsequent OPN additions to the cement line coming from osteoblast lineage cells arriving at this site to effect bone repair upon further osteoblast differentiation, and extracellular matrix deposition and mineralization. Such interfacial OPN is thought to contribute to the cell adhesion, cell signaling, and matrix mineralization events required to effectively integrate the new bone into the preexisting bone at the margins of the drill site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada.
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15
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Gilboa-Garber N, Zinger-Yosovich KD, Sudakevitz D, Lerrer B, Imberty A, Wimmerova M, Wu AM, Garber NC. The five bacterial lectins (PA-IL, PA-IIL, RSL, RS-IIL, and CV-IIL): interactions with diverse animal cells and glycoproteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 705:155-211. [PMID: 21618109 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7877-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nechama Gilboa-Garber
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
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Vasconcelos SMM, Lima SR, Soares PM, Assreuy AMS, de Sousa FCF, Lobato RDFG, Vasconcelos GS, Santi-Gadelha T, Bezerra EHS, Cavada BS, Patrocínio MCA. Central action of Araucaria angustifolia seed lectin in mice. Epilepsy Behav 2009; 15:291-3. [PMID: 19446042 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Possible central nervous system effects of the gymnosperm lectin from Araucaria angustifolia seeds were studied in seizure and open field tests. Male Swiss mice were administered saline (control), lectin (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg), flumazenil (1 mg/kg), or diazepam (1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Lectin at the highest dose increased time to death in the pentylenetetrazole- and strychnine-induced seizure models as compared with control, but not in the pilocarpine model. In the open field test, lectin reduced locomotor activity at all doses tested, as did diazepam, when compared with control. These locomotor effects were reversed by flumazenil pretreatment. In conclusion, A. angustifolia lectin had a protective effect in the pentylenetetrazole- and strychnine-induced seizure models, suggestive of activity in the GABAergic and glycinergic systems, respectively, and also caused a reduction in animal movements, which was reversed by flumazenil, pointing to a depressant action mediated by a GABAergic mechanism.
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Bitencourt FDS, Figueiredo JG, Mota MRL, Bezerra CCR, Silvestre PP, Vale MR, Nascimento KS, Sampaio AH, Nagano CS, Saker-Sampaio S, Farias WRL, Cavada BS, Assreuy AMS, de Alencar NMN. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of a mucin-binding agglutinin isolated from the red marine alga Hypnea cervicornis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2008; 377:139-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-008-0262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Roy R. DESIGNING NOVEL MULTIVALENT GLYCOTOOLS FOR BIOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS RELATED TO SIALIC ACID. J Carbohydr Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/car-120016489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Wilkinson BL, Bornaghi LF, Poulsen SA, Houston TA. Synthetic utility of glycosyl triazoles in carbohydrate chemistry. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Awad L, Demange R, Zhu YH, Vogel P. The use of levoglucosenone and isolevoglucosenone as templates for the construction of C-linked disaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:1235-52. [PMID: 16678805 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Because of their functionalities (enone, ketone, and acetal) and their bicyclic structure (steric factors), levoglucosenone (1,6-anhydro-3,4-dideoxy-beta-D-glycero-hex-3-enopyran-2-ulose) and isolevoglucosenone (1,6-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-beta-D-glycero-hex-3-enopyran-4-ulose) are useful templates for the convergent and combinatorial synthesis of (1-->2), (1-->3), and (1-->4)-linked C-disaccharides in reactions combining them with sugar-derived carbaldehydes. Synthetic methods relying on conjugate nucleophilic additions of these enones, their combination with aluminum reagents and aldehydes (Baylis-Hillman reaction) and modified Takai-Hiyama-Nozaki-Kishi couplings of enol triflates derived from them with sugar-derived aldehydes are reviewed. Highly stereoselective methods have thus been developed. These allow the generation of disaccharide mimetics with a high molecular diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loay Awad
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie et de Synthèse Asymétrique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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22
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Bavington C, Page C. Stopping Bacterial Adhesion: A Novel Approach to Treating Infections. Respiration 2005; 72:335-44. [PMID: 16088272 DOI: 10.1159/000086243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion and colonization are prerequisites for the establishment of bacterial pathogenesis. The prevention of adhesion is an attractive target for the development of new therapies in the prevention of infection. Bacteria have developed a multiplicity of adhesion mechanisms commonly targeting surface carbohydrate structures, but our ability to rationally design effective antiadhesives is critically affected by the limitations of our knowledge of the human 'glycome' and of the bacterial function in relation to it. The potential for the future development of carbohydrate-based antiadhesives has been demonstrated by a significant number of in vitro and in vivo studies. Such therapies will be particularly relevant for infections of mucosal surfaces where topical application or delivery is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bavington
- GlycoMar Limited, European Centre for Marine Biotechnology, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll
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Lima RF, Criddle DN, Souza EP, Sampaio AH, Nascimento KS, Cavada BS, Assreuy AMS. Red marine alga Bryothamnion triquetrum lectin induces endothelium-dependent relaxation of the rat aorta via release of nitric oxide. J Pharm Pharmacol 2005; 56:1415-21. [PMID: 15525448 DOI: 10.1211/0022357044616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the vascular relaxant effects of the lectin from a red marine alga Bryothamnion triquetrum (BTL), in particular, the endothelial-dependency and the participation of a specific glycoprotein-binding site. BTL (1-100 microg mL(-1)) was applied to rat isolated aortic rings, with or without endothelium, tonically precontracted with phenylephrine (0.1 microM). Endothelium-dependent relaxation was assessed in the presence of indometacin (10 microM), L-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 microM) and tetraethylammonium (TEA, 500 microM). For the involvement of the glycoprotein-binding site, BTL was assayed in presence of mucin (300 microg mL(-1)) or N-acetyl D-glucosamine (GlcNAc; 300 microg mL(-1)), a specific and non-specific lectin-binding sugar, respectively. BTL fully and concentration dependently relaxed preparations that possessed an intact endothelium (IC50 (concn producing 50% contraction) = 12.1 +/- 1.6 microg mL(-1)), whereas no significant relaxation was observed in endothelial-denuded tissue. L-NAME, but not indometacin or TEA, completely inhibited the lectin relaxation, suggesting the involvement of nitric oxide (NO). The lectin in association with mucin, but not with GlcNAc, inhibited BTL-induced relaxation, implicating the involvement of the lectin binding site. Our data suggest that the relaxant effect of the red marine alga Bryothamnion triquetrumlectin on isolated aorta occurs via interaction with a specific lectin-binding site on the endothelium, resulting in a release of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo F Lima
- Laboratório de Farmacologia dos Canais Iônicos-LAFACI, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, CCS, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, 60740-000 Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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Steunenberg P, Jeanneret V, Zhu YH, Vogel P. C(1→4)-linked disaccharides through carbonylative Stille cross-coupling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Demange R, Awad L, Vogel P. Synthesis of C-linked analogues of β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-d-galactopyranosides and of β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-d-galactal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Denis M, Palatty PDM, Bai NR, Suriya SJ. Purification and characterization of a sialic acid specific lectin from the hemolymph of the freshwater crab Paratelphusa jacquemontii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 270:4348-55. [PMID: 14622300 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A naturally occurring hemagglutinin was detected in the serum of the freshwater crab, Paratelphusa jacquemontii (Rathbun). Hemagglutination activity with different mammalian erythrocytes suggested a strong affinity of the serum agglutinin for horse and rabbit erythrocytes. The most potent inhibitor of hemagglutination proved to be bovine submaxillary mucin. The lectin was purified by affinity chromatography using bovine submaxillary mucin-coupled agarose. The molecular mass of the purified lectin was 34 kDa as determined by SDS/PAGE. The hemagglutination of purified lectin was inhibited by N-acetylneuraminic acid but not by N-glycolylneuraminic acid, even at a concentration of 100 mm. Bovine submaxillary mucin, which contains mainly 9-O-acetyl- and 8,9 di-O-acety-N-acetyl neuraminic acid was the most potent inhibitor of the lectin. Sialidase treatment and de-O-acetylation of bovine submaxillary mucin abolished its inhibitory capacity completely. Also, asialo-rabbit erythrocytes lost there binding specificity towards the lectin. The findings indicated an O-acetyl neuraminic acid specificity of the lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maghil Denis
- Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College, Rochnagar, Nagercoil Tamil Nadu, India.
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27
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Sharon N, Ofek I. Fighting infectious diseases with inhibitors of microbial adhesion to host tissues. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2002; 42:267-72. [PMID: 12058984 DOI: 10.1080/10408390209351914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of infectious diseases are initiated by the adhesion of pathogenic organisms to the tissues of the host. In many cases this adhesion is mediated by lectins present on the surface of the infectious organism that bind to complementary carbohydrates on the surface of the host tissues. Soluble carbohydrates recognized by the bacterial lectins block the adhesion of the bacteria to animal cells in vitro. Moreover, such carbohydrates have been shown to protect against experimental infection by lectin-carrying bacteria of different mammals, such as mice, rabbits, calves, and monkeys. Agents other than carbohydrates also block adhesion, as demonstrated with cranberry juice as well as with low and high molecular weight preparations isolated from the juice. Both kinds of preparation inhibited the adhesion in vitro of Escherichia coli to different animal cells. In addition, the high molecular weight material acted similarly on the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to human gasrointenstinal cells, and on the coaggregation of oral bacteria. Furthermore, in limited clinical studies regular drinking of cranberry juice had a significant preventive effect on bacteriuria, and the high molecular weight constituent of the juices was also effective in decreasing the salivary level of Streptococus mutans, the major cause of tooth decay. Because the inhibitors of adhesion examined are not bactericidal, the selection of resistant inhibitor strains is unlikely to occur. Together, these findings may lead to new therapeutic strategies that are in dire need because of the world-wide increase in antibiotic resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Sharon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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28
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Mikkelsen LM, Krintel SL, Jiménez-Barbero J, Skrydstrup T. Application of the anomeric samarium route for the convergent synthesis of the C-linked trisaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1-->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1-->6)]-D-Man and the disaccharides alpha-D-Man-(1-->3)-D-Man and alpha-D-Man-(1-->6)-D-Man. J Org Chem 2002; 67:6297-308. [PMID: 12201747 DOI: 10.1021/jo020339z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies are reported on the assembly of the branched C-trisaccharide, alpha-D-Man-(1-->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1-->6)]-D-Man, representing the core region of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. The key step in this synthesis uses a SmI(2)-mediated coupling of two mannosylpyridyl sulfones to a C3,C6-diformyl branched monosaccharide unit, thereby assembling all three sugar units in one reaction and with complete stereocontrol at the two anomeric carbon centers. Subsequent tin hydride-based deoxygenation followed by a deprotection step produces the target C-trimer. In contrast to many of the other C-glycosylation methods, this approach employes intact carbohydrate units as C-glycosyl donors and acceptors, which in many instances parallels the well-studied O-glycosylation reactions. The synthesis of the C-disaccharides alpha-D-Man-(1-->3)-D-Man and alpha-D-Man-(1-->6)-D-Man is also described, they being necessary for the following conformational studies of all three carbohydrate analogues both in solution and bound to several mannose-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Munch Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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29
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Meng XB, Yang LD, Li H, Li Q, Cheng TM, Cai MS, Li ZJ. Facile synthesis of 1-thio-beta-lactoside clusters scaffolded onto p-methoxyphenyl, beta-D-galactopyranoside, beta-D-glucopyranoside, and lactoside. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337:977-81. [PMID: 12039537 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The free-radical addition of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranose to the allyl ether functions of p-methoxyphenyl per-O-allyl-D-galactopyranoside, D-glucopyranoside, and lactoside provides a concise and effective route for synthesis of glycoside clusters, of use for exploring anti-metastatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Bao Meng
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, National Research Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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30
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Pando SC, Macedo MLR, Freire MGM, Toyama MH, Novello JC, Marangoni S. Biochemical characterization of a lectin from Delonix regia seeds. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2002; 21:279-85. [PMID: 12168698 DOI: 10.1023/a:1019797320348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A lectin from Delonix regia (DRL) seeds was purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 followed by ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a C18 column. Hemagglutinating activity was monitored using rat erythrocytes. DRL showed no specificity for human erythrocytes of ABO blood groups. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed a single protein in the presence of 0.1 M of dithiothreitol (DTT) and in nonreducing conditions. Native-PAGE showed that DRL is a monomer with a molecular mass of about 12 kDa, as determined by denaturing gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography. An amino acid composition revealed the absence of cysteine residues, the presence of 1 mol methionine/mol protein and a high proportion of acidic amino acids and glycine. The N-terminal sequence of DRL was determined by Edman degradation, and up to 16 amino acid residues showed more than 90% homology with other lectins from the Leguminosae family. The optimal pH range for lectin activity was between pH 8.0 and 9.0, and the lectin was active up to 60 degrees C. The lectin required Mn2+ for hemagglutinating activity and remained active after reduction with 0.1 M of DTT, but lost activity in the presence of 8 M of urea. Sodium metaperiodate had no effect on the activity of DRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Pando
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brasil.
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31
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Ooi LSM, Yu H, Chen CM, Sun SSM, Ooi VEC. Isolation and characterization of a bioactive mannose-binding protein from the Chinese chive Allium tuberosum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:696-700. [PMID: 11829630 DOI: 10.1021/jf010878p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A mannose-binding protein was isolated from two different cultivars of the Chinese chive Allium tuberosum by extraction with 0.2 M NaCl, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and affinity chromatography on mannose agarose and fetuin agarose. It exhibited hemagglutinating activity toward rabbit erythrocytes. The lectin (agglutinin) was adsorbed on the mannose-agarose column, but not on the fetuin-agarose column. This A. tuberosum lectin (ATL) is unglycosylated, and not sialic acid binding. Lectins isolated from the two cultivars exhibited the same molecular mass of 25 kDa on gel filtration (Superose 12) and 12.5 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that they might be a dimeric protein composed of two identical subunits. The N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the lectin of various cultivars of A. tuberosum revealed that they were identical and showed 50%, or more, homology to the lectins from Galanthus nivalis (family Amaryllidaceae), Narcissus tazetta (family Amaryllidaceae), and Aloe arborescenes (family Liliaceae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S M Ooi
- Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Li HL, Ye KH, Zhang HW, Luo YR, Ren XD, Xiong AH, Situ R. Effect of heparin on apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells. Cell Res 2001; 11:311-5. [PMID: 11787776 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cr.7290101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study the mechanism of the effect of heparin on apoptosis in carcinoma cells, the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 was used to identify the effect of heparin on apoptosis associated with the expression of c-myc, bax, bcl-2 proteins by use of Hoechst 33258 staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), agarose gel electrophoresis, and flow cytometry, as well as Western blot analysis. The results showed that heparin induced apoptosis of CNE2 cells including the morphologic changes such as reduction in the volume, and the nuclear chromatin condensation, as well as the "ladder pattern" revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA in a concentration-dependent manner. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was dramatically increased to 33.6+/-1.2% from 2.8+/-0.3% by treatment with heparin in different concentrations (10 to approximately 40 kU/L). The apoptotic index was increased to 32.5% from 3.5% by detecting SubG1 peaks on flow cytometry. Western blot analysis showed that levels of bcl-2, bax and c-myc were significantly overexpressed by treatment with the increase of heparin concentrations. These results suggest that heparin induces apoptosis of CNE2 cells, which may be regulated by differential expression of apoptosis-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Roy R, Hernández-Mateo F, Santoyo-González F. Synthesis of persialylated beta-cyclodextrins. J Org Chem 2000; 65:8743-6. [PMID: 11112598 DOI: 10.1021/jo005616l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of homogeneous hepta-antennated C-6 branched sialosyl cyclomaltoheptose derivatives (persialylated beta-cyclodextrins) has been performed in good to excellent yields, and the compounds have been fully characterized. The thioacetate N-acetylneuraminic acid derivative 6 was selectively de-S-acetylated and coupled by nucleophilic displacement in a one-pot reaction to the heptakis(chloroacetamido) beta-CDs 2 and 5, yielding multivalent sialosides 8 and 9, respectively. The thiourea-linked sialyl-CD 10 was obtained by reaction of the 4-isothiocyanatophenyl N-acetylneuraminic acid derivative 7 with the per-tert-butoxycarbonylamino beta-CD derivative 2 after suitable deprotection of the amino function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Sharon N, Ofek I. Safe as mother's milk: carbohydrates as future anti-adhesion drugs for bacterial diseases. Glycoconj J 2000; 17:659-64. [PMID: 11421356 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011091029973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The majority of infectious diseases are initiated by adhesion of pathogenic organisms to the tissues of the host. In many cases, this adhesion is mediated by lectins present on the surface of the infectious organism that bind to complementary carbohydrates on the surface of the host tissues. Lectin-deficient mutants often lack ability to initiate infection. Soluble carbohydrates recognized by the bacterial lectins block the adhesion of the bacteria to animal cells in vitro. Moreover, they have also been shown to protect against experimental infection by lectin-carrying bacteria in different organs of mammals such as mice, rabbits, calves and monkeys. In a phase II clinical trial, a pentasaccharide shown to have anti-adhesive activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae in vitro failed to protect young children from nasopharyngeal colonization with these organisms and from developing otitis media. This could be because insufficient drug was delivered via nasal spray, because bacteria express multiple specificities, the inhibition of which may require a cocktail of oligosaccharides, or because children have different carbohydrate receptors from those of adults. The results of a clinical trial in which N-acetylneuraminyl(alpha2-3)lactose was administered orally to Helicobacter pylori positive patients in an effort to reduce or eradicate bacterial colonization, are awaited with interest. Although the high cost of production of the required oligosaccharides is falling with the recent introduction of enzymatic methods of synthesis, new technologies, in particular the use of engineered bacteria, promise to lower it even further. Attachment of the oligosaccharides to soluble polymeric carriers will increase greatly their effectiveness as antiadhesion agents. There is no doubt that anti-adhesive oligosaccharides will in the near future join the arsenal of drugs for the therapy of bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sharon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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35
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Naughton PJ, Grant G, Bardocz S, Pusztai A. Modulation of Salmonella infection by the lectins of Canavalia ensiformis (Con A) and Galanthus nivalis (GNA) in a rat model in vivo. J Appl Microbiol 2000; 88:720-7. [PMID: 10792532 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.01062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The plant lectins, Concanavalin A (Con A) and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) have been prefed to rats for 3 d pre- and 6 d postinfection with Salmonella typhimurium S986 or Salm. enteritidis 857. Con A significantly increased numbers of Salm. typhimurium S986 in the large intestine and in faeces, and severely impaired growth of the rats, more severely than is the case of infection with Salmonella typhimurium alone. Con A had much less effect on rats infected with Salm. enteritidis 857 only showing a significant increase in numbers in the colon, accompanied by intermittent increases of Salmonella in the faeces during the study. GNA significantly reduced pathogen numbers in the lower part of the small bowel and the large intestine of rats infected with Salm. typhimurium S986 and significantly improved rat growth. GNA had little effect on infection by Salm. enteritidis 857 with slight decreases in Salmonella numbers in the small intestine and large intestine and transient increases in the faeces.
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37
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Dimick SM, Powell SC, McMahon SA, Moothoo DN, Naismith JH, Toone EJ. On the Meaning of Affinity: Cluster Glycoside Effects and Concanavalin A. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja991729e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Campbell B. Biochemical and Functional Aspects of Mucus and Mucin-Type Glycoproteins. DRUGS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 1999. [DOI: 10.1201/b14099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparin has many actions that may affect the malignant process, especially metastasis. METHODS The author conducted an extensive review of the available medical literature about heparin activity that may apply to important factors involved in the malignant process. RESULTS Thrombin is generated by tumors, and the resultant fibrin formation impedes natural killer cell activity. Microthrombi arrest tumor cells in capillaries. Heparin prevents the formation of thrombin and neutralizes its activity. Angiogenesis has an important role in metastasis; heparin minimizes angiogenesis via the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor, tissue factor, and platelet activating factor. It decreases tumor cell adhesion to vascular endothelium as it inhibits selectin and chemokine actions, and it also decreases the replication and activity of some oncogenic viruses. Matrix metalloproteinases, serine proteases, and heparanases have an important role in metastasis. Heparin decreases their activation and limits their effects. It competitively inhibits tumor cell attachment to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. It blocks the oncogenic action of ornithine decarboxylase and enhances the antineoplastic effect of transforming growth factor-beta. Heparin inhibits activator protein-1, which is the nuclear target of many oncogenic signal transduction pathways, and it potently inhibits casein kinase II, which has carcinogenic activity. Platelet-derived growth factor, which has oncogenic effects, is also inhibited by heparin, as are reverse transcriptase, telomerase, and topoisomerase prooncogenic actions. CONCLUSIONS These various heparin actions justify clinical investigation of its possible beneficial effect on malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Engelberg
- California Arteriosclerosis Research Foundation, Beverly Hills 90210, USA
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Melato M, Mustac E, Valkovic T, Bottin C, Sasso F, Jonjic N. The lectin-binding sites for peanut agglutinin in invasive breast ductal carcinomas and their metastasis. Pathol Res Pract 1998; 194:603-8. [PMID: 9793958 DOI: 10.1016/s0344-0338(98)80094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectin-binding site patterns in primary invasive breast ductal not otherwise specified (NOS) carcinomas are related to aggressiveness of the tumor. The present study was designed to compare the expression of PNA-binding sites in the primary tumor and in local lymph node metastases. The expression of lectin-binding sites was studied using the avidin-biotin complex/immunoperoxidase technique and analyzed in relation to age of the patient and size of the breast cancer. Breast cancers and their metastases showed negativity or positivity, the latter being divided into "apical" and "non-apical" (i.e. membrane and/or cytoplasmic) depending on the main localization of staining in tumor cells. No correlation was found between primary tumors and metastases as regards PNA-binding patterns, which confirms the opinion that advanced primary tumors are polyclonal and that selected subclones of malignant cells give rise to metastases. Furthermore, the fact that primary tumors with PNA non-apical expression, a feature related to aggressiveness and poor differentiation, may have lymph node metastases with apical expression, suggests that this pattern, although no longer evident in the primary tumor, is involved in the process of cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Melato
- Department of Biomedical Science, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Croatia.
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Separation of bovine heart galactose lectin from endogenous glycoproteins co-purified with the lectin during affinity chromatography. J Biosci 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02703006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The immune system consists of various types of cells and molecules that specifically interact with each other to initiate the host defense mechanism. Recent studies have shown that carbohydrates and lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins) play an essential role in mediating such interactions. Both lectins and carbohydrates are widely distributed in the mammalian tissues as well as in microorganisms. Carbohydrates, due to their chemical nature, can potentially form structures that are more variable than proteins and nucleic acids. Lectins can exist in either soluble or cell-associated form, and although overall structures vary, invariably possess carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRD) with various specificities. The interaction between lectins and carbohydrates have been shown to be involved in such activities as opsonization of microorganisms, phagocytosis, cell adhesion and migration, cell activation and differentiation, and apoptosis. The number of lectins identified in the immune system is increasing at a rapid pace. The development in this area has opened a new aspect in studying the immune system, and at the same time, provided new therapeutic routes for the treatment and prevention of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ni
- Glycobiology Laboratory, Carrington Laboratories Inc., College Station, TX 77845, USA
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Naughton PJ, Grant G, Spencer RJ, Bardocz S, Pusztai A. A rat model of infection by Salmonella typhimurium or Salm. enteritidis. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1996; 81:651-6. [PMID: 8972092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Salmonellosis in the rat has many similarities with the disease in humans, with the ileum thought to be the main site of colonization/invasion in both species. Thus, the rat may be a useful way to study the mechanism of infection by these pathogenic bacteria. A series of infection trials carried out with Hooded Lister rats showed that a salmonella infection persisted for an extended period of time and that salmonellae bind to the small intestinal epithelium as early as 4 h after intragastric intubation. Reinfection from the large intestine may not therefore initially play a significant role in the salmonella infection process. The rat model may therefore provide a means to test in vivo interventionist strategies, designed to block binding of the pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Naughton
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, UK.
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Naughton P, Grant G, Spencer R, Bardocz S, Pusztai A. A rat model of infection by Salmonella typhimurium or Salm. enteritidis. J Appl Microbiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb01967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Classical multivalent neoglycoproteins have been widely used to study a great number of carbohydrate-protein interactions. The synthesis of other neoglycoconjugates with various shapes, valencies, and conformations has reached considerable levels of sophistication and holds promise as a new tool for glycobiology and biomedical applications. Within the last few years, advances have been made towards both the syntheses and understanding of the antigenic properties of water-soluble glycopolymers. Some of these glycopolymers are finding applications as inhibitors of microbial adhesins and as carriers for drug delivery to specific cells. Novel dendritic carbohydrate structures are emerging as potent ligands for carbohydrate-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Beuth J, Stoffel B, Pulverer G. Inhibition of bacterial adhesion and infections by lectin blocking. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1996; 408:51-6. [PMID: 8895776 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-0415-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Beuth
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Köln, Germany
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