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Mathieu M, Winters EK, Kong F, Wan J, Wang S, Eckert H, Luth D, Paz M, Donovan C, Zhang Z, Somers D, Wang K, Nguyen H, Shoemaker RC, Stacey G, Clemente T. Establishment of a soybean (Glycine max Merr. L) transposon-based mutagenesis repository. PLANTA 2009; 229:279-89. [PMID: 18855007 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-008-0827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is a major crop species providing valuable feedstock for food, feed and biofuel. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in developing genomic resources for soybean, including on-going efforts to sequence the genome. These efforts have identified a large number of soybean genes, most with unknown function. Therefore, a major research priority is determining the function of these genes, especially those involved in agronomic performance and seed traits. One means to study gene function is through mutagenesis and the study of the resulting phenotypes. Transposon-tagging has been used successfully in both model and crop plants to support studies of gene function. In this report, we describe efforts to generate a transposon-based mutant collection of soybean. The Ds transposon system was used to create activation-tagging, gene and enhancer trap elements. Currently, the repository houses approximately 900 soybean events, with flanking sequence data derived from 200 of these events. Analysis of the insertions revealed approximately 70% disrupted known genes, with the majority matching sequences derived from either Glycine max or Medicago truncatula sequences. Among the mutants generated, one resulted in male-sterility and was shown to disrupt the strictosidine synthase gene. This example clearly demonstrates that it is possible to disrupt soybean gene function by insertional mutagenesis and to derive useful mutants by this approach in spite of the tetraploid nature of the soybean genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Mathieu
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, Division of Plant Sciences, Life Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology, University of Missouri, Rollins Road, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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2
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McKenzie N, Dale PJ. Mapping of transposable element Dissociation inserts in Brassica oleracea following plant regeneration from streptomycin selection of callus. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2004; 109:333-341. [PMID: 15014879 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2003] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the potential of heterologous transposons as a gene-tagging system in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), we have introduced a Dissociation ( Ds)-based two-element transposon system. Ds has been cloned into a 35S-SPT excision-marker system, with transposition being driven by an independent 35S-transposase gene construct. In three successive selfed generations of plants, there was no evidence of germinal-excision events. In a previous study, we overcame this apparent inability to produce B. oleracea plants with germinal excisions by performing a novel tissue-culture technique to select for fully green shoots from seed with somatic excision events. The results showed a very high efficiency of regeneration of fully green plants (up to 65%), and molecular analysis showed that the plants contained the equivalent of a germinal-excision event. In this study, we followed the previous work by using inverse and nested PCR to generate probes of flanking genomic DNA adjacent to independently reinserted Ds elements, and these were hybridised to DNA from a double-haploid mapping population of B. oleracea. Seventeen Ds insertions and the original Ds T-DNA site have been localised, and these are spread over six (out of nine) linkage groups. Distribution of inserts show that 15 were found on a different linkage group to the original 'launch' site, and of these 11 were found to be clustered on two separate groups. Previous studies in other plant species have found that germinal excision of Ds predominantly moves to sites linked close to the donor site. However, this study shows a potential to produce plants with Ds insertion scattered over many unlinked sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil McKenzie
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Transgenic Soybean (Glycine max). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-59612-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kunze
- Institut für Genetik, Universitat zu Köln, Germany
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Nussaume L, Harrison K, Klimyuk V, Martienssen R, Sundaresan V, Jones JD. Analysis of splice donor and acceptor site function in a transposable gene trap derived from the maize element Activator. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1995; 249:91-101. [PMID: 8552039 DOI: 10.1007/bf00290240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gene trap vectors have been used in insertional mutagenesis in animal systems to clone genes with interesting patterns of expression. These vectors are designed to allow the expression of a reporter gene when the vector inserts into a transcribed region. In this paper we examine alternative splicing events that result in the expression of a GUS reporter gene carried on a Ds element which has been designed as a gene trap vector for plants. We have developed a rapid and reliable method based on PCR to study such events. Many splice donor sites were observed in the 3' Ac border. The relative frequency of utilisation of certain splice donor and acceptor sites differed between tobacco and Arabidopsis. A higher stringency of splicing was observed in Arabidopsis.
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MESH Headings
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA Primers
- DNA Transposable Elements
- DNA, Complementary/biosynthesis
- Genes, Plant
- Glucuronidase/biosynthesis
- Introns
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plants, Toxic
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA Splicing
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Plant/analysis
- RNA, Plant/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Species Specificity
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
- Zea mays/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nussaume
- Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Institute, Norwich, UK
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Thykjaer T, Stiller J, Handberg K, Jones J, Stougaard J. The maize transposable element Ac is mobile in the legume Lotus japonicus. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1995; 27:981-993. [PMID: 7766887 DOI: 10.1007/bf00037025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the prospects for transposon mutagenesis in the autogamous diploid legume Lotus japonicus, the behaviour of the maize transposable element Ac was analysed in the progeny of 38 independent transgenic plants. The conditions for monitoring donor site excision using histochemical localization of beta-glucuronidase activity or the alternative spectinomycin resistance assay were established, and used to follow Ac mobility through two generations. Somatic excision was monitored as variegated cotyledons in the T2 generation and germinal excision events were scored in segregating T3 families as complete beta-glucuronidase-mediated staining of cotyledons or as a fully green spectinomycin-resistant phenotype. Using these assays an average germinal excision frequency of 12% was estimated in the T3 offspring from variegated plants. The fidelity of the excision assays was ascertained by comparing the frequency of germinal excision to the frequency of Ac reinsertion at new positions of the genome. Transposition of Ac in 42% of the plants and detection of the characteristic Ac insertion/excision footprints suggests that insertion mutagenesis with the autonomous maize Activator element is feasible in Lotus japonicus. Parameters influencing Ac behaviour, such as dosage, position effects and modification of the element itself, were also investigated comparing homozygous and hemizygous plants from the same family and by analysing different transformants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Thykjaer
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Overduin B, van der Biezen EA, John H, Nijkamp J, Hille J. Isolation of Plant Genes by Transposon Tagging: from Concept to Realization. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.1994.10818781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Yang CH, Carroll B, Scofield S, Jones J, Michelmore R. Transactivation of Ds elements in plants of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1993; 241:389-98. [PMID: 8246892 DOI: 10.1007/bf00284692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The maize transposable element, Activator (Ac), is being used to develop a transposon mutagenesis system in lettuce, Lactuca sativa. In this paper, we describe somatic and germinal transactivation of Ds by chimeric transposase genes in whole plants. Constructs containing either the Ds element or the Ac transposase open reading frame (ORF) were introduced into lettue. The Ds element was located between either the 35S or the Nos promoter and a chimeric spectinomycin resistance gene (which included a transit peptide), preventing expression of spectinomycin resistance. The genomic coding region of the Ac transposase was expressed from the 35S promoter. Crosses were made between 104 independent R1 plants containing Ds and three independent R1 plants expressing transposase. The excision of Ds in F1 progenies was monitored using a phenotypic assay on spectinomycin-containing medium. Green sectors in one-third of the F1 families indicated transactivation of Ds by the transposase at different developmental stages and at different frequencies in lettuce plants. Excision was confirmed using PCR and by Southern analysis. The lack of green sectors in the majority of F1 families suggest that the majority of T-DNA insertion sites are not conducive to excision. In subsequent experiments, the F1 plants containing both Ds and the transposase were grown to maturity and the F2 seeds screened on medium containing spectinomycin. Somatic excision was again observed in several F2 progeny; however, evidence for germinal excision was observed in only one F2 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Yang
- Department of Vegetable Crops, University of California, Davis 95616
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Yang CH, Ellis JG, Michelmore RW. Infrequent transposition of Ac in lettuce, Lactuca sativa. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 22:793-805. [PMID: 8395257 DOI: 10.1007/bf00027366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The maize transposable element Activator (Ac) is being used to develop a transposon mutagenesis system in lettuce, Lactuca sativa. Two constructs containing the complete Ac from the waxy-m7 locus of maize were introduced into lettuce and monitored for activity using Southern analysis and PCR amplification of the excision site. No transposition of Ac was detected in over 32 transgenic R1 plants, although these constructs were known to provide frequent transposition in other species. Also, no transposition was observed in later generations. In subsequent experiments, transposition was detected in lettuce calli using constructs that allowed selection for excision events. In these constructs, the neomycin phosphotransferase II gene was interrupted by either Ac or Ds. Excision was detected as the ability of callus to grow on kanamycin. Synthesis of the transposase from the cDNA of Ac expressed from the T-DNA 2' promoter resulted in more frequent excision of Ds than was observed with the wild-type Ac. No excision was observed with Ds in the absence of the transposase. The excision events were confirmed by amplification of the excision site by PCR followed by DNA sequencing. Excision and reintegration were also confirmed by Southern analysis. Ac/Ds is therefore capable of transposition in at least calli of lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Yang
- Department of Vegetable Crops, University of California, Davis 95616
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Finnegan EJ, Lawrence GJ, Dennis ES, Ellis JG. Behaviour of modified Ac elements in flax callus and regenerated plants. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 22:625-633. [PMID: 8393718 DOI: 10.1007/bf00047403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Ac element of maize has been modified by deletion of 537 bases (delta NaeAc) from the untranslated leader of the transposase gene. In a second modification the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter has been inserted into the truncated leader of delta NaeAc, 21 bases upstream of the natural translation start. The activity of these modified elements has been compared with that of the unmodified element in transgenic flax. Deletion of sequences in the untranslated leader only marginally increased transposition in callus while insertion of the 35S promoter enhanced transposition frequency 7-8-fold. Increased transposition correlated with increased transcription of the transposase gene. The presence of a 35S promoter upstream of the transposase gene, but outside the Ac element, also enhanced both transcription and transposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Finnegan
- CSIRO, Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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12
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Keller J, Jones JD, Harper E, Lim E, Carland F, Ralston EJ, Dooner HK. Effects of gene dosage and sequence modification on the frequency and timing of transposition of the maize element Activator (Ac) in tobacco. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1993; 21:157-70. [PMID: 8381038 DOI: 10.1007/bf00039626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Ac copy number on the frequency and timing of germinal transposition in tobacco was investigated using the streptomycin phosphotransferase gene (SPT) as an excision marker. The activity of one and two copies of the element was compared by selecting heterozygous and homozygous progeny of transformants carrying single SPT::Ac inserts. It was observed that increasing gene copy not only increases the transposition frequency, but also occasionally alters the timing of transposition such that earlier events are obtained. The result is that some homozygous plants generate multiple streptomycin resistant progeny carrying the same transposed Ac (trAc) element. We have also investigated the effect of modification of the sequence in the region around 82 bp downstream of the polyadenylation site and 177 bp from the 3' end of the element on germinal excision frequencies. Alteration of three bases to create a Bgl II site at this location caused a minor decrease in germinal excision events, but insertion of four bases to create a Cla I site caused a 10-fold decrease in the transposition activity of the Ac element.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Keller
- DNA Plant Technology, Oakland, CA 94608
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Stephens PA, Nickell CD, Widholm JM. Agronomic evaluation of tissue-culture-derived soybean plants. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1991; 82:633-635. [PMID: 24213345 DOI: 10.1007/bf00226802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/1991] [Accepted: 04/30/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Genetic alterations of regenerated plants based on the tissue culture process (somaclonal variation) have become common for many plant species including soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The objective of this study was to test for the presence of tissue-culture-derived genetic variation in eight agronomic traits in homozygous progeny regenerated by organogenesis using the commercially important cultivar Asgrow 'A3127.' A total of 86 lines derived by repeated self-pollination of nine regenerated plants was grown in two locations for 2 years. When compared to the unregenerated parent, statistically significant variation (P<0.05) was found for maturity, lodging, height, seed protein and oil, but not for seed quality, seed weight, or seed yield. All of the variation noted was beneficial and did not involve decreased yield. Since the differences were not large, the results indicate that the tissue culture process is not necessarily detrimental to plant performance, which is an important consideration since tissue culture techniques are used in many genetic engineering methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Stephens
- Department of Agronomy, University of Illinois, 61801, Urbana, IL, USA
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Izawa T, Miyazaki C, Yamamoto M, Terada R, Iida S, Shimamoto K. Introduction and transposition of the maize transposable element Ac in rice (Oryza sativa L.). MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1991; 227:391-6. [PMID: 1650907 DOI: 10.1007/bf00273928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To develop a transposon tagging system in an important cereal plant, rice (Oryza sativa L.), the maize transposable element Ac (Activator) was introduced into rice protoplasts by electroporation. We employed a phenotypic assay for excision of Ac from the selectable hph gene encoding resistance to hygromycin B. Southern blot analysis of hygromycin B-resistant calli showed that the Ac element can transpose from the introduced hph gene into the rice chromosomes. Sequence analysis of several Ac excision sites in the hph genes revealed sequence alterations characteristic of the excision sites of this plant transposable element. The Ac element appears to be active during development of transgenic rice plants from calli. Moreover, hybridization patterns of different leaves from the same plant indicated that some Ac elements are stable whereas others are able to transpose further during development of leaves. The results indicate that the introduced Ac element can transpose efficiently in transgenic rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Izawa
- Plantech Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
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15
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Zhou JH, Myers A, Atherly AG. Functional analysis of the 3'-terminal sequence of the maize controlling element (Ac) by internal replacement and deletion mutagenesis. Genetica 1991; 84:13-21. [PMID: 1651880 DOI: 10.1007/bf00123980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Using deletion analysis of the Ac transposable element, we have shown that replacement of internal sequences from base pairs 181-3559 does not abolish transposition. We have done sequential deletion analysis of the 3'-end of the Ac element and found that deletion of the major transposase binding sites (AAACGG) abolishes transposition. But, surprisingly, we found a 3'-terminal deletion of the transposase binding sites which also contained a 71-bp internal sequence between base pairs 3559 and 3630 retained transposition ability. This 71-bp internal sequence did not have a transposase (ORFa) binding motif. These data suggest that two different domains may be involved in the minimal sequence necessary for transposition. Finally, we have identified functional prokaryotic promoter sequences and ARS sequences within the 5' and 3'-termini of Ac, but cannot ascribe any function to these sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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