1
|
Sumikawa K, Kosaka T, Udo K, Kanesaki Y, Yoshikawa H, Yamada M. Characteristics of physiology of and genomic mutations in aggregation-enhanced mutants of Methanothermobacter sp. CaT2. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1047-1055. [PMID: 31900061 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1709790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The thermophilic hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanothermobacter sp. CaT2 aggregates by itself. CaT2 is known to have a surface sugar layer and extracellular proteins that may be related to its aggregation. Aggregation-enhanced mutants, CHA001 and CHA002, were isolated after repeated cultivation for more than two years. When treated with proteinase K, CHA001 and CaT2 similarly exhibited a very low degree of aggregation and CHA002 exhibited less aggregation but still retained aggregation, suggesting protein-based aggregation via extracellular proteins in both CHA001 and CHA002, presumably via a putative membrane-bound and extracellularly protruding protein, MTCT_1020, identified previously. Genomic analysis revealed that CHA001 and CHA002 shared a missense mutation of MTCT_1348 and had distinct mutations. These results suggested that the MTCT_1348 mutation provides subsidiary support to the adhesive function of extracellular proteins and that there is an additional mutation(s) in CHA002 for the non-proteinous aggregation capability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Sumikawa
- Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduates School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kosaka
- Life Science, Graduates School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koichi Udo
- Science Research Center, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yu Kanesaki
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshikawa
- NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Japan.,Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Mamoru Yamada
- Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduates School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Life Science, Graduates School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sumikawa K, Kosaka T, Mayahara N, Matsutani M, Udo K, Yamada M. An Aggregation-defective Mutant of Methanothermobacter sp. CaT2 Reveals Unique Protein-dependent Aggregation. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:244-251. [PMID: 31189768 PMCID: PMC6759345 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me19014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermophilic hydrogenotrophic methanogen, Methanothermobacter sp. CaT2, which possesses an extracellular sugar layer, commonly aggregates by itself or with other microorganisms. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for this aggregation, the aggregation-defective mutant, CLA160, was isolated. Optical and electron microscopy observations revealed that the mutant exhibited a significant reduction in aggregation. Genomic sequencing showed that CLA160 has a single point mutation, causing a nonsense mutation in MTCT_1020, which encodes a hypothetical protein. Motif and domain analyses indicated that the hypothetical protein bears two membrane-spanning segments at the N- and C-terminal regions and a large middle repeat-containing region. The results of a bioinformatic analysis suggested that the first middle region (RII) of the protein or the whole structure is responsible for the function of the product of MTCT_1020 in the aggregation of CaT2. A treatment with proteinase K suppressed sedimentation in CaT2, indicating a reduction in aggregation, with almost no effect on sedimentation in CLA160. The addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions enhanced sedimentation in CaT2, whereas a DNase treatment had no effect on sedimentation in either strain. These results suggest that the hypothetical protein encoded by MTCT_1020 plays a key role as a membrane-bound adhesion protein in the aggregation of CaT2, which is enhanced by the addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Sumikawa
- Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduates School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University
| | - Tomoyuki Kosaka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Graduates School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University.,Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University
| | - Noriaki Mayahara
- Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduates School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University
| | - Minenosuke Matsutani
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Graduates School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University
| | - Koichi Udo
- Science Research Center, Yamaguchi University
| | - Mamoru Yamada
- Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduates School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University.,Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Graduates School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University.,Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources, Yamaguchi University
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan W, Shen N, Xiao Y, Chen Y, Sun F, Kumar Tyagi V, Zhou Y. The role of conductive materials in the start-up period of thermophilic anaerobic system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 239:336-344. [PMID: 28531859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The major obstacle for thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) is the inhibited microorganism activity and process instability during the start-up period. This study proposed a strategy to accelerate and stabilize the thermophilic reactors start-up via adding conductive materials. The results show that methane production rate in conductive materials supplemented (CMS) reactors was almost two times higher than the control reactors. Caloramator sp., a candidate of electroactive bacteria, was significantly enriched in the carbon nano-tube (CNT) supplemented groups (12.89%) as compared to control groups (1.26% only). Together with the doubled abundance of Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina methanogens in CMS groups, it is highly possible Caloramator sp. and Methanosaeta/Methanosarcina have established syntrophic direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), via adopting conductive materials as electron conduit. Microbial community analysis indicates DIET was likely to be an unstable condition triggered syntrophic process. This study demonstrated that conductive materials could promote microbial activity and shorten start-up period for thermophilic anaerobic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Yan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nan Shen
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yeyuan Xiao
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Chen
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Faqian Sun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141 Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
De la Rubia MA, Riau V, Raposo F, Borja R. Thermophilic anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge: focus on the influence of the start-up. A review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2012; 33:448-60. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2012.726962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
5
|
Skiadas IV, Gavala HN, Schmidt JE, Ahring BK. Anaerobic granular sludge and biofilm reactors. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2003; 82:35-67. [PMID: 12747565 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-45838-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The long retention time of the active biomass in the high-rate anaerobic digesters is the key factor for the successful application of the high rate anaerobic wastewater treatment. The long solids retention time is achieved due to the specific reactor configuration and it is enhanced by the immobilization of the biomass, which forms static biofilms, particle-supported biofilms, or granules depending on the reactor's operational conditions. The advantages of the high-rate anaerobic digestion over the conventional aerobic wastewater treatment methods has created a clear trend for the change of the role of the anaerobic digestion in the wastewater treatment plants from a pre-treatment method to the main biological treatment method. The application of staged high-rate anaerobic digesters has shown the larger potential among the recent developments in this direction. The most common high-rate anaerobic treatment systems based on anaerobic granular sludge and biofilm are described in this chapter. Emphasis is given to a) the Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) systems, b) the main characteristics of the anaerobic granular sludge, and c) the factors that control the granulation process. Finally, the most innovative staged anaerobic digesters are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis V Skiadas
- The Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, Biocentrum-DTU, bldg 227, The Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Rocheleau, Greer, Lawrence, Cantin, Laramee, Guiot. Differentiation of methanosaeta concilii and methanosarcina barkeri in anaerobic mesophilic granular sludge by fluorescent In situ hybridization and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:2222-9. [PMID: 10224023 PMCID: PMC91320 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.5.2222-2229.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/1998] [Accepted: 02/17/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide probes, designed from genes coding for 16S rRNA, were developed to differentiate Methanosaeta concilii, Methanosarcina barkeri, and mesophilic methanogens. All M. concilii oligonucleotide probes (designated MS1, MS2, and MS5) hybridized specifically with the target DNA, but MS5 was the most specific M. concilii oligonucleotide probe. Methanosarcina barkeri oligonucleotide probes (designated MB1, MB3, and MB4) hybridized with different Methanosarcina species. The MB4 probe specifically detected Methanosarcina barkeri, and the MB3 probe detected the presence of all mesophilic Methanosarcina species. These new oligonucleotide probes facilitated the identification, localization, and quantification of the specific relative abundance of M. concilii and Methanosarcina barkeri, which play important roles in methanogenesis. The combined use of fluorescent in situ hybridization with confocal scanning laser microscopy demonstrated that anaerobic granule topography depends on granule origin and feeding. Protein-fed granules showed no layered structure with a random distribution of M. concilii. In contrast, a layered structure developed in methanol-enriched granules, where M. barkeri growth was induced in an outer layer. This outer layer was followed by a layer composed of M. concilii, with an inner core of M. concilii and other bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocheleau
- Environmental Bioengineering Group, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4P 2R2
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sekiguchi Y, Kamagata Y, Syutsubo K, Ohashi A, Harada H, Nakamura K. Phylogenetic diversity of mesophilic and thermophilic granular sludges determined by 16S rRNA gene analysis. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1998; 144 ( Pt 9):2655-2665. [PMID: 9782515 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-144-9-2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The microbial diversity of two types of methanogenic granular sludge, mesophilic (35 degrees C) and thermophilic (55 degrees C), which had been treating sucrose/propionate/acetate-based artificial wastewater were compared. 16S rDNA clone libraries were constructed by PCR with a prokaryote-specific primer set, and partial sequencing of the clonal 16S rDNAs was conducted for phylogenetic analysis. Of 115 mesophilic granule and 110 thermophilic granule clones sequenced, 19 and 22%, respectively, were phylogenetically affiliated with the domain Archaea, and the remainder in each case were assigned to the domain Bacteria. Within the domain Archaea, the 16S rDNA clones in both libraries showed relatively close relationships with those of methanogens. Within the Bacteria, a major group represented in the mesophilic clone library was the delta subclass of the Proteobacteria (27%), in which high degrees of relatedness were observed between the clonal 16S rDNA sequences and those of previously identified syntrophic bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria. In contrast, in the thermophilic clone library, the Thermodesulfovibrio group (19%), the green non-sulfur bacteria (18%) and the low G + C subclass of the Gram-positive bacteria (18%) were predominant. A significant difference between the two libraries was that no clone affiliated with the Proteobacteria was detected in the thermophilic clone library, whereas the Proteobacteria was detected in the thermophilic clone library, whereas the Proteobacteria was the most predominant group in the mesophilic clones. Thirty-six and 24 different sequences were found in the mesophilic and thermophilic clones, respectively, suggesting that the microbial diversity of the thermophilic granule was lower than that of the mesophilic granule.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Archaea/classification
- Archaea/genetics
- Archaea/isolation & purification
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/classification
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/genetics
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/isolation & purification
- Base Sequence
- Bioreactors
- DNA Primers/genetics
- DNA, Archaeal/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Ecosystem
- Euryarchaeota/classification
- Euryarchaeota/genetics
- Euryarchaeota/isolation & purification
- Genes, Archaeal
- Genes, Bacterial
- Genetic Variation
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Archaeal/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sewage/microbiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sekiguchi
- National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology, Agency of Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566Japan
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of TechnologyKamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188Japan
| | - Yoichi Kamagata
- National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology, Agency of Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566Japan
| | - Kazuaki Syutsubo
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of TechnologyKamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Ohashi
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of TechnologyKamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188Japan
| | - Hideki Harada
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of TechnologyKamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakamura
- National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology, Agency of Industrial Science and TechnologyTsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schmidt JE, Ahring BK. Granulation in thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1995; 68:339-44. [PMID: 8821789 DOI: 10.1007/bf00874144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The state of the art for thermophilic UASB reactors is discussed focusing on the start-up of UASB reactors, the influence of the waste water composition and temperature on the development and maintenance of thermophilic granules, and the microbial composition and structure of thermophilic granules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Schmidt
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby
| | | |
Collapse
|