1
|
Hontecillas-Prieto L, Garcia-Dominguez DJ, Vaca DP, Garcia-Mejias R, Marcilla D, Ramirez-Villar GL, Saez C, de Álava E. Multidrug resistance transporter profile reveals MDR3 as a marker for stratification of blastemal Wilms tumour patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11173-11186. [PMID: 28061436 PMCID: PMC5355255 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumour (WT) is the most common renal tumour in children. Most WT patients respond to chemotherapy, but subsets of tumours develop resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, which is a major obstacle in their successful treatment. Multidrug resistance transporters play a crucial role in the development of resistance in cancer due to the efflux of anticancer agents out of cells. The aim of this study was to explore several human multidrug resistance transporters in 46 WT and 40 non-neoplastic control tissues (normal kidney) from patients selected after chemotherapy treatment SIOP 93–01, SIOP 2001. Our data showed that the majority of the studied multidrug resistance transporters were downregulated or unchanged between tumours and control tissues. However, BCRP1, MDR3 and MRP1 were upregulated in tumours versus control tissues. MDR3 and MRP1 overexpression correlated with high-risk tumours (SIOP classification) (p = 0.0022 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and the time of disease-free survival was significantly shorter in patients with high transcript levels of MDR3 (p = 0.0359). MDR3 and MRP1 play a role in drug resistance in WT treatment, probably by alteration of an unspecific drug excretion system. Besides, within the blastemal subtype, we observed patients with low MDR3 expression were significantly associated with a better outcome than patients with high MDR3 expression. We could define two types of blastemal WT associated with different disease outcomes, enabling the stratification of blastemal WT patients based on the expression levels of the multidrug resistance transporter MDR3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel J Garcia-Dominguez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Diego Pascual Vaca
- Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Rosa Garcia-Mejias
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - David Marcilla
- Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Gema L Ramirez-Villar
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Saez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aryal M, Fischer K, Gentile C, Gitto S, Zhang YZ, McDannold N. Effects on P-Glycoprotein Expression after Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Using Focused Ultrasound and Microbubbles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0166061. [PMID: 28045902 PMCID: PMC5207445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many blood-borne substances attempting to pass through the luminal membrane of brain endothelial cells are acted upon by a variety of metabolizing enzymes or are actively expelled back into the capillary lumen by embedded efflux transporters, such as Permeability-glycoprotein (Pgp). Overexpression of this protein has also been linked to multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Previous studies have shown that focused ultrasound (FUS), when combined with a microbubble agent, has ability to temporarily disrupt blood-brain barrier (BBBD). In this work, we investigated whether modulation of Pgp expression is part of the FUS-induced effects. We found that ultrasound can temporarily suppress Pgp expression. When BBBD was produced at 0.55 MPa, Pgp was suppressed up to 48 hours and restored by 72 hours. At 0.81 MPa, suppression can last 72 hours or longer. These findings support the idea that microbubble-enhanced FUS disrupts the functional components of the BBB through suppression of drug efflux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muna Aryal
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Krisztina Fischer
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Caroline Gentile
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard College, Cambridge, United States of America
| | | | - Yong-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Nathan McDannold
- Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim DG, Bynoe MS. A2A adenosine receptor modulates drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1717-33. [PMID: 27043281 PMCID: PMC4855938 DOI: 10.1172/jci76207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from toxic substances within the peripheral circulation. It maintains brain homeostasis and is a hurdle for drug delivery to the CNS to treat neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and brain tumors. The drug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is highly expressed on brain endothelial cells and blocks the entry of most drugs delivered to the brain. Here, we show that activation of the A2A adenosine receptor (AR) with an FDA-approved A2A AR agonist (Lexiscan) rapidly and potently decreased P-gp expression and function in a time-dependent and reversible manner. We demonstrate that downmodulation of P-gp expression and function coincided with chemotherapeutic drug accumulation in brains of WT mice and in primary mouse and human brain endothelial cells, which serve as in vitro BBB models. Lexiscan also potently downregulated the expression of BCRP1, an efflux transporter that is highly expressed in the CNS vasculature and other tissues. Finally, we determined that multiple pathways, including MMP9 cleavage and ubiquitinylation, mediated P-gp downmodulation. Based on these data, we propose that A2A AR activation on BBB endothelial cells offers a therapeutic window that can be fine-tuned for drug delivery to the brain and has potential as a CNS drug-delivery technology.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/biosynthesis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/biosynthesis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/blood
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Mice
- Neoplasm Proteins/blood
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Proteolysis/drug effects
- Purines/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/genetics
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/metabolism
- Ubiquitination/drug effects
- Ubiquitination/genetics
Collapse
|
4
|
Teixeira RAP, Odone-Filho V, de Camargo B, Zerbini MC, Fillipi R, Alencar A, Cristofani L. P-glycoprotein expression, tumor weight, age, and relapse in patients with stage I and II favorable-histology Wilms' tumor. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2011; 28:194-202. [PMID: 21214406 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2010.533250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen percent of patients with Wilms' tumor (WT) experience relapse. It has been suggested that weight and age may affect the chances of relapse. Few studies have investigated the role, if any, between P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and relapse. The authors assessed the prognostic value of tumor weight and age at diagnosis and asked whether some other potential biological markers, specifically P-gp protein expression, had a prognostic value in favorable-histology WT. No association between age and relapse could be found. Patients with tumor weight ≥550 g were 6 times more likely to relapse, whereas P-gp expression was positive in 18/40 (45%) of the patients, of which 10/12 (83.3%) relapsed and 8/28 (28.6%) did not. Further studies are necessary to elucidate whether or not P-gp is related to relapse in patients with histologically favorable Wilms' tumor. If confirmed, the protein may be used in the future as a target for new drugs and treatments for this group of patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
de Cremoux P, Jourdan-Da-Silva N, Couturier J, Tran-Perennou C, Schleiermacher G, Fehlbaum P, Doz F, Mosseri V, Delattre O, Klijanienko J, Vielh P, Michon J. Role of chemotherapy resistance genes in outcome of neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007; 48:311-7. [PMID: 16609945 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is a heterogeneous pediatric disease. Most patients with localized disease usually have a favorable prognosis, but patients with advanced disease have a poor prognosis despite combination chemotherapy. Treatment failure may be attributable to resistance to cytotoxic drugs. PROCEDURE Using quantitative RT-PCR, we investigated the clinical significance of the level of mRNA expression of multidrug resistance genes (MDR1, MRP1, MRP5, LRP) in a series of 29 advanced neuroblastoma samples. RESULTS At the end of induction chemotherapy, 48% of patients achieved a clinical complete response, 28% achieved a partial response or stable disease, and 24% presented progressive disease. MDR1 mRNA overexpression (i.e., mRNA level >2 copies of MDR1 gene) was observed in 74% of samples, and MRP1, MRP5, LRP overexpression was observed less frequently (30, 33, and 33% of samples, respectively). None of these parameters were predictive of response, relapse, or survival. However, clinical response to treatment was highly predictive of relapse-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS High expression of these multidrug resistance genes in advanced neuroblastoma is not the main parameter of response to cytotoxic drugs; clinical response to treatment remains the most important parameter in predicting the prognosis of patients with advanced neuroblastoma, until other relevant laboratory parameters have been identified.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/biosynthesis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/physiology
- Adolescent
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Carboplatin/administration & dosage
- Carboplatin/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/metabolism
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/ultrastructure
- Cisplatin/administration & dosage
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Computer Systems
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Etoposide/administration & dosage
- Etoposide/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genes, MDR
- Genes, myc
- Humans
- Infant
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Male
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/biosynthesis
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neuroblastoma/drug therapy
- Neuroblastoma/genetics
- Neuroblastoma/metabolism
- Neuroblastoma/mortality
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- S Phase
- Treatment Outcome
- Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles/biosynthesis
- Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles/genetics
- Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles/physiology
- Vincristine/administration & dosage
- Vincristine/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia de Cremoux
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Srivastava A, Rock C, Zhang K, Ruan M, Bolander ME, Sarkar G. Expression of a novel alternatively spliced UCP-2 transcript in osteogenic sarcoma. J Orthop Sci 2006; 11:51-7. [PMID: 16437349 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-005-0975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of chemoresistance is common in patients with osteogenic sarcoma (OGS); however, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Many anticancer drugs exert their therapeutic action by generating reactive oxygen radicals, which might be countered by the cancer cell through induction of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2). UCP-2 has been shown to be able to protect tumor cells from the cytotoxic actions of chemotherapeutic drugs. Because OGS is seldom completely cured by current chemotherapy regimens, we hypothesized that increased expression of UCP-2 underlies this phenomenon. The primary initial interest of our research was to evaluate the level of UCP-2 mRNA in OGS. METHODS The level of UCP-2 mRNA was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) comparing expression in normal-bone-derived specimens and OGS-derived specimens. Semiquantification of mRNA expression was achieved by radioactive RT-PCR. Nucleotide sequencing was performed using automated instruments. RESULTS Interestingly, we failed to observe induction of UCP-2 mRNA in OGS tumor specimens and OGS-derived primary cell lines compared to the expression level in normal bone. However, we found expression of a hitherto unknown UCP-2 transcript in eight of eight OGS-derived and one EWS-derived cell lines and in nine of ten OGS biopsy specimens but in only one of six normal bone-derived specimens. Thus, tumor samples express both types (normal and the novel one) of UCP-2 mRNAs, whereas normal bone expresses only the wild-type form. Further experiments identified the novel mRNA species as an alternatively spliced UCP-2 transcript (termed UCP-2as). UCP-2as has a 22-nucleotide insertion from the 3' end of intron 3 that introduces an early stop codon in exon 4, which theoretically can produce a protein 79 amino acids long. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a hitherto unknown UCP-2 transcript. Expression of the novel transcript appears to be OGS-specific, implying a function advantageous to the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Srivastava
- Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 1st Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Haas CJ, Wagner T, Wawroschek F, Arnholdt H. Combined application of RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry on paraffin embedded sentinel lymph nodes of prostate cancer patients. Pathol Res Pract 2005; 200:763-70. [PMID: 15792118 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The detection of tumor cells in the sentinel lymph node (SLN) is of great importance for the prognosis of cancer patients. At present, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR for tumor marker expression are the most sensitive techniques available for this analysis. However, so far, most RT-PCR-based analyses of SLNs have been performed on fresh material, excluding a direct comparison with the (immuno)histologic results. In our view, this does not entirely aid routine diagnosis. We established an efficient method for RNA extraction and RT-PCR from paraffin sections of SLNs from prostate cancer patients and compared the results with the (immuno)histologic data of adjacent sections. Amplifiable RNA was obtained from 133 SLNs of 68 prostate cancer patients. Correlation of PSA-specific RT-PCR with (immuno)histologic findings showed a positive and negative predictive value of 83% and 100%, respectively, for the prostate cancer patients investigated. Four of 12 patients with biochemical relapse, but without (immuno)histologically detectable tumor cells were RT-PCR-positive for PSA. We found that single sections of paraffin-embedded SLNs are suitable for routinely performed RT-PCR. Combined with (immuno)histology, PSA-specific RT-PCR is a revealing supplementary technique for the detection of tumor cells in SLNs of prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Haas
- Department of Pathology, Augsburg Central Hospital, D-86156 Augsburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Starz H, Haas CJ, Schulz GM, Balda BR. Tyrosinase RT-PCR as a Supplement to Histology for Detecting Melanoma and Nevus Cells in Paraffin Sections of Sentinel Lymph Nodes. Mod Pathol 2003; 16:920-9. [PMID: 13679456 DOI: 10.1097/01.mp.0000086074.55963.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The detection of tyrosinase mRNA in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a sensitive indicator for the presence of melanoma or nevus cells, but it does not enable a distinction between both. We have established an efficient method for extraction and reverse transcription of tyrosinase mRNA from paraffin sections that permits the close correlation of the RT-PCR results with (immuno)histologic findings in adjacent sections. One hundred fifty-three SLNs and 6 non-SLN specimens originating from 92 melanoma and 4 nonmelanoma patients were studied to test the reliability of this approach. The predictive value of positive RT-PCR results was 0.98 for the presence of melanoma or nevus cells; the corresponding negative predictive value was 0.83. Furthermore, the detection rate of tyrosinase mRNA significantly correlated with tumor burden. Among the 33 melanoma-positive SLNs without nevus cells, positive RT-PCR results were obtained in all specimens with extended peripheral (S2) or deeply invasive (S3) micrometastases but in only 46% of the cases with few localized melanoma cells in the subcapsular zone (S1). Routine (immuno)histologic evaluation alone had missed microclusters of melanoma cells in one SLN and small nevus cell aggregates in six other SLNs. They were detected only during microscopic reexamination caused by a positive RT-PCR result. We conclude that histology and immunohistochemistry remain the indispensable gold standard for the identification of melanoma and nevus cells in SLNs. Additional molecular analyses using adjacent paraffin sections may further improve the diagnostic accuracy by sensitizing and guiding the microscopist's attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Starz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fellner S, Bauer B, Miller DS, Schaffrik M, Fankhänel M, Spruß T, Bernhardt G, Graeff C, Färber L, Gschaidmeier H, Buschauer A, Fricker G. Transport of paclitaxel (Taxol) across the blood-brain barrier in vitro and in vivo. J Clin Invest 2002. [DOI: 10.1172/jci0215451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
10
|
Fellner S, Bauer B, Miller DS, Schaffrik M, Fankhänel M, Spruss T, Bernhardt G, Graeff C, Färber L, Gschaidmeier H, Buschauer A, Fricker G. Transport of paclitaxel (Taxol) across the blood-brain barrier in vitro and in vivo. J Clin Invest 2002; 110:1309-18. [PMID: 12417570 PMCID: PMC151606 DOI: 10.1172/jci15451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel concentrations in the brain are very low after intravenous injection. Since paclitaxel is excluded from some tumors by p-glycoprotein (p-gp), the same mechanism may prevent entry into the brain. In vitro, paclitaxel transport was examined in capillaries from rat brains by confocal microscopy using BODIPY Fl-paclitaxel. Western blots and immunostaining demonstrated apical expression of p-gp in isolated endothelial cells, vessels, and tissue. Secretion of BODIPY Fl-paclitaxel into capillary lumens was specific and energy-dependent. Steady state luminal fluorescence significantly exceeded cellular fluorescence and was reduced by NaCN, paclitaxel, and SDZ PSC-833 (valspodar), a p-gp blocker. Leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)), an Mrp2-substrate, had no effect. Luminal accumulation of NBDL-cyclosporin, a p-gp substrate, was inhibited by paclitaxel. In vivo, paclitaxel levels in the brain, liver, kidney, and plasma of nude mice were determined after intravenous injection. Co-administration of valspodar led to increased paclitaxel levels in brains compared to monotherapy. Therapeutic relevance was proven for nude mice with implanted intracerebral human U-118 MG glioblastoma. Whereas paclitaxel did not affect tumor volume, co-administration of paclitaxel (intravenous) and PSC833 (peroral) reduced tumor volume by 90%. Thus, p-gp is an important obstacle preventing paclitaxel entry into the brain, and inhibition of this transporter allows the drug to reach sensitive tumors within the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Fellner
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Warmann S, Hunger M, Teichmann B, Flemming P, Gratz KF, Fuchs J. The role of the MDR1 gene in the development of multidrug resistance in human hepatoblastoma: clinical course and in vivo model. Cancer 2002; 95:1795-801. [PMID: 12365029 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.10858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The P-glyprotein (P-gp), which is a membrane channel encoded by the MDR1 gene, represents a possible explanation for multidrug resistance in human hepatoblastoma (HB). P-gp shows up-regulation in tumor cells after chemotherapy; however, to date, its exact role in HB has not been described. The authors investigated the role of the MDR1 gene in the clinical course of patients with HB and in an in vivo model of HB. They also studied the effects of the MDR1 antagonizer PSC 833 on chemotherapy in mice xenotransplanted with HB. METHODS Resected tumor specimens, including both primary tumors and recurrent tumors, from a child suffering from HB were investigated histologically. Cell suspensions from the originally removed tumor were incorporated subcutaneously into nude mice. Animals were treated with cisplatin (CDDP) plus PSC 833. MDR1 gene expression levels in the different resected tumors from the patient and in the xenotransplants after treatment were determined with polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS MDR1 gene expression was increased in the patient's tumors after every course of chemotherapy from 30% to > 190%. In the xenotransplants, MDR1 gene expression was enhanced significantly after chemotherapy (P(CDDP) = 0.008; P(CDDP+PSC) = 0.002). Tumor volumes (P < 0.001) and serum alpha-fetoprotein levels (P = 0.0002) were significantly lower in the animals that were treated with CDDP + PSC compared with the animals that were treated with CDDP alone. CONCLUSIONS The current results suggest that MDR1 gene expression and P-gp are a potential mechanism of drug resistance in HB. The chemosensitizer PSC 833 significantly improved the effects of chemotherapy in animals xenotransplanted with HB. These data encourage further studies concerning the role of chemosensitizers in overcoming multidrug resistance in patients with HB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Warmann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Camassei FD, Arancia G, Cianfriglia M, Bosman C, Francalanci P, Ravà L, Jenkner A, Donfrancesco A, Boldrini R. Nephroblastoma: multidrug-resistance P-glycoprotein expression in tumor cells and intratumoral capillary endothelial cells. Am J Clin Pathol 2002; 117:484-90. [PMID: 11888090 DOI: 10.1309/l44x-l5dn-1vhv-x30n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of chemoresistance in a variety of cancers seems related to overexpression of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug pump. Nephroblastoma, the most common malignant renal tumor of childhood, usually is responsive to treatment, and prognosis is favorable in most cases. However, the disease in a subset of patients is refractory to treatment, and the disease follows an aggressive course. To study P-gp expression in this tumor and its correlation with outcome, tumor samples from 93 patients were examined by immunohistochemical analysis. P-gp expression was determined separately in both tumor cells and intratumoral capillary endothelium. The likelihood ratio test, the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test were used to evaluate its association with clinical course, grade, stage, and administration of preoperative chemotherapy. The results for the majority of nephroblastomas were variably positive; in 43 (46%) of them, newly formed capillary endothelial cells also stained positive. While no association of P-gp expression in tumor cells with clinical course, stage, and grade could be demonstrated, positivity in endothelial cells correlated significantly with unfavorable outcome, suggesting that chemoresistance depended on an active blood-tumor barrier. Previous chemotherapy induced P-gp overexpression in tumor cells.
Collapse
|
13
|
Marchal JA, Melguizo C, Prados J, Aránega AE, Gómez JA, Campos J, Gallo MA, Espinosa A, Arena N, Aránega A. Modulation of myogenic differentiation in a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line by a new derivative of 5-fluorouracil (QF-3602). Jpn J Cancer Res 2000; 91:934-40. [PMID: 11011122 PMCID: PMC5926449 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2000.tb01037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro study of mechanisms involved in drug-induced maturation has made it possible to use differentiation-based therapy in clinical practice. The goal of this new therapy is the development of specific agents to induce cancer cells to stop proliferating and express characteristics of normal cells. Recently, by structural modifications of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), we synthesized a new pyrimidine acyclonucleoside-like compound, 1-¿[3-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)-1-methoxy]propyl¿-5-fluorouracil (QF-3602), which showed in rhabdomyosarcoma cells a low toxicity and time-dependent growth inhibition. In this work, we compared the degree of myogenic differentiation of RD rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells after treatment with QF-3602 and 5-FU. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and immunocytochemical analyses showed that QF-3602 induced the appearance of myofilaments along the myotube-like giant RD cells, an increase in fibronectin and a decrease in vimentin expression. In contrast, only minor changes were observed with 5-FU. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses showed that QF-3602 did not induce overexpression of the mdr 1 gene, a resistance mechanism that frequently appears in classical cytotoxic therapy in these tumors. Compounds obtained by structural modifications of 5-FU may be useful in differentiation therapy as a new approach to the treatment of RMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Marchal
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaé, 23071 Jaé, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Daschner PJ, Ciolino HP, Plouzek CA, Yeh GC. Increased AP-1 activity in drug resistant human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1999; 53:229-40. [PMID: 10369069 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006138803392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The expression, DNA binding, and transactivating activity of activator protein 1 (AP-1) was examined in a series of multidrug resistant (MDR) MCF-7 human breast cancer cells that have increasing levels of MDR1 gene expression. We observed an increase in the amount of both c-jun and c-fos mRNA in cells with 12-, 65-, or 200-fold higher resistance to adriamycin when compared to drug-sensitive MCF-7 wild type (WT) cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) demonstrated an increase in the DNA binding activity of an AP-1 complex in nuclear extracts from MDR MCF-7 cells when compared to extracts from WT cells. We observed a proportional increase in luciferase expression from a reporter vector containing consensus AP-1 binding sites in transiently transfected MDR cells when compared to WT cells, indicating that AP-1 mediated gene expression is increased in drug-resistant MCF-7 cells. Since the MDR1 promoter contains a putative AP-1 binding site, we used EMSA to examine AP-1 binding activity to an oligonucleotide probe that contained the relevant MDR1 promoter sequences (-123 to -108). Nuclear extracts from resistant MCF-7 cells displayed an increased level of DNA binding of Jun/Jun dimers to the probe, indicating that AP-1 was capable of binding to this promoter site. A luciferase reporter construct containing triplicate copies of the MDR1 promoter sequence was expressed at higher levels in transiently transfected MDR cells when compared to expression in WT cells. Co-transfection of WT cells with a c-jun expression vector and either of the AP-1 luciferase constructs demonstrated that c-jun could activate gene expression from both the consensus and the MDR1 AP-1 sites in a dose dependent manner. In addition, RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that levels of MDR1 mRNA and Pgp were increased in c-jun transfected WT cells. Taken together, these data indicate that increased AP-1 activity may be an important mediator of MDR by regulating the expression of MDR1.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- DNA/metabolism
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Female
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Humans
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Vinblastine/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Daschner
- Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC, NCI-FCRDC, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kurowski C, Berthold F. Presence of classical multidrug resistance and P-glycoprotein expression in human neuroblastoma cells. Ann Oncol 1998; 9:1009-14. [PMID: 9818076 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008476528846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) associated multidrug resistance for neuroblastoma patients is controversial. Therefore we asked whether at all the typical functional features of the multidrug resistance phenotype could be found in neuroblastoma cells and studied the prognostic relevance of Pgp expression. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tumor touch preparations and tumor cell infiltrated bone marrow smears of 62 neuroblastoma patients were investigated. The expression of Pgp was determined by a highly sensitive immunosandwich technique. Drug resistance studies were performed by exposing cells to Pgp-dependent cytostatic drugs in tissue cultures. Intracellular drug accumulation was examined by rhodamine-123 fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Pgp expression was demonstrable for the SK-N-SH cell line, but not detectable in CHP-100 and ten other neuroblastoma cell lines by immunocytochemistry. In tissue cultures, SK-N-SH cells showed a relative resistance to vincristine and adriamycin (45.1 and 12.7-fold resp.) and reduced intracellular accumulation of rhodamine-123 which could be normalized by the Pgp blocker verapamil. Pgp expression was detected by immunocytochemistry in 14 out of 62 tumors (22.6%). No correlation was found to the stage of the disease (P = 0.33), histopathological grading (P = 0.82), N-myc oncoprotein expression (P = 0.76) or N-myc oncogene amplification (P = 0.20). Kaplan-Meier analysis of event free survival for stage 4 tumors revealed a weak trend of inferior survival for patients with Pgp positive tumors (log-rank analysis: P = 0.069). CONCLUSIONS Though Pgp expression is detectable and functional in neuroblastoma cells, but its presence does not provide much information to the complex phenomenon of chemotherapy resistance in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Kurowski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|