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Kumar N, Singh H, Giri K, Kumar A, Joshi A, Yadav S, Singh R, Bisht S, Kumari R, Jeena N, Khairakpam R, Mishra G. Physiological and molecular insights into the allelopathic effects on agroecosystems under changing environmental conditions. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:417-433. [PMID: 38633277 PMCID: PMC11018569 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Allelopathy is a natural phenomenon of competing and interfering with other plants or microbial growth by synthesizing and releasing the bioactive compounds of plant or microbial origin known as allelochemicals. This is a sub-discipline of chemical ecology concerned with the effects of bioactive compounds produced by plants or microorganisms on the growth, development and distribution of other plants and microorganisms in natural communities or agricultural systems. Allelochemicals have a direct or indirect harmful effect on one plant by others, especially on the development, survivability, growth, and reproduction of species through the production of chemical inhibitors released into the environment. Cultivation systems that take advantage of allelopathic plants' stimulatory/inhibitory effects on plant growth and development while avoiding allelopathic autotoxicity is critical for long-term agricultural development. Allelopathy is one element that defines plant relationships and is involved in weed management, crop protection, and microbial contact. Besides, the allelopathic phenomenon has also been reported in the forest ecosystem; however, its presence depends on the forest type and the surrounding environment. In the present article, major aspects addressed are (1) literature review on the impacts of allelopathy in agroecosystems and underpinning the research gaps, (2) chemical, physiological, and ecological mechanisms of allelopathy, (3) genetic manipulations, plant defense, economic benefits, fate, prospects and challenges of allelopathy. The literature search and consolidation efforts in this article shall pave the way for future research on the potential application of allelopathic interactions across various ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
- Present Address: College of Agriculture, Central Agriculture University (I), Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya, India
| | - Hukum Singh
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Krishna Giri
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Hill University, Tura Campus, Tura, 794002 India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kalinga University, Naya-Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492101 India
| | | | - Ranjeet Singh
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Itanagar, Arunchal Pradesh, India
| | - Sarita Bisht
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Rama Kumari
- Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, 248006 India
| | - Neha Jeena
- Department of Microbiology, Central University, Rajasthan, 305817 India
| | - Rowndel Khairakpam
- School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248001 India
| | - Gaurav Mishra
- Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehradun, 248006 India
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Wang W, Xu S, He X. Isolation, identification and characterization of phenolic acid-degrading bacteria from soil. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:208-220. [PMID: 33270328 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate, identify and characterize phenolic acid-degrading bacteria and reduce plant growth inhibition caused by phenolic acids. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 11 bacterial isolates with high phthalic acid (PA)-degrading ability were obtained using mineral salt medium (MSM) medium containing PA as sole carbon source. These isolates were identified as Arthrobacter globiformis, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas hunanensis by sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA gene. Among them, five Pseudomonas strains could also effectively degrade ferulic acid (FA), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) and syringic acid (SA) in MSM solution. P. putida strain 7 and P. hunanensis strain 10 showed highly efficient degradation of PA, SA, FA and PHBA, and could reduce their inhibition of lily, watermelon, poplar and strawberry seedling growth in soils respectively. These two strains could promote plant growth in soil with phenolic acids. CONCLUSIONS In this study, bacterial strains with highly efficient phenolic acid-degrading abilities could not only effectively reduce the autotoxicity of phenolic acids on plants but also were able to promote plant growth in soil with phenolic acids. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study, Pseudomonas can promote plant growth while degrading phenolic acids. Our results provide new choices for the biological removal of autotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - W Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Z Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - W Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, China
| | - S Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, China
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Jiang CY, Zhou SX, Toshmatov Z, Mei Y, Jin GZ, Han CX, Zhang C, Shao H. Chemical composition and phytotoxic activity of the essential oil of Artemisia sieversiana growing in Xinjiang, China. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:2434-2439. [PMID: 33183086 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1837806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The chemical profile and phytotoxic activity of the essential oil extracted from Artemisia sieversiana was investigated. In total 17 compounds were identified by GC/MS, representing 99.17% of the entire oil, among which α-thujone (64.46%) and eucalyptol (10.15%) were the most abundant constituents. The major components, their mixture as well as the essential oil exhibited significant phytotoxic activity against Amaranthus retroflexus, Medicago sativa, Poa annua and Pennisetum alopecuroides, with their IC50 values ranged from 1.55 ∼ 6.21 mg/mL (α-thujone), 1.42 ∼ 17.81 mg/mL (eucalyptol), 0.23 ∼ 1.05 mg/mL (the mixture), and 1.89 ∼ 4.69 mg/mL (the essential oil) on the four tested species. The mixture of the major constituents exerted more potent effect compared with each individual compound, indicating the possible involvement of synergistic effect of these two compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Shi-Xing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Zokir Toshmatov
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Guang-Zhao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Cai-Xia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Hua Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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Arceo-Gómez G, Jameel MI, Ashman TL. Effects of heterospecific pollen from a wind-pollinated and pesticide-treated plant on reproductive success of an insect-pollinated species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:836-841. [PMID: 29799624 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Studies on the effects of heterospecific pollen (HP) transfer have been focused mainly on insect-pollinated species, despite evidence of insect visitation to wind-pollinated species and transfer of their pollen onto stigmas of insect-pollinated plants. Thus, the potential consequences of HP transfer from wind-pollinated species remain largely unknown. Furthermore, accumulation of pesticide residues in pollen of wind-pollinated crops has been documented, but its potential effects on wild plant species via HP transfer have not been tested. METHODS We evaluated the effect of wind-dispersed Zea mays pollen on pollen tube growth of the insect-pollinated Mimulus nudatus via hand pollinations. We further evaluated whether pesticide-contaminated Z. mays pollen has larger effects on M. nudatus pollen success than non-contaminated Z. mays pollen. KEY RESULTS We found a significant negative effect of Z. mays pollen on M. nudatus pollen tube growth even when deposited in small amounts. However, we did not observe any difference in the magnitude of this effect between pesticide-laden Z. mays pollen and non-contaminated Z. mays pollen. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that wind-pollinated species can have negative effects as HP donors on insect-pollinated recipients. Thus, their role in shaping co-flowering interactions for wind- and insect-pollinated species deserves more attention. Although we did not find evidence that pesticide contamination increased HP effects, we cannot fully rule out the existence of such an effect, because pollen load and thus the pesticide dose applied to stigmas was low. This result should be confirmed using other HP donors and across a range of HP loads, pesticide types, and concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Arceo-Gómez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Mohammad I Jameel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Tia-Lynn Ashman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
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Cheng F, Cheng Z, Meng H, Tang X. The Garlic Allelochemical Diallyl Disulfide Affects Tomato Root Growth by Influencing Cell Division, Phytohormone Balance and Expansin Gene Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1199. [PMID: 27555862 PMCID: PMC4977361 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a volatile organosulfur compound derived from garlic (Allium sativum L.), and it is known as an allelochemical responsible for the strong allelopathic potential of garlic. The anticancer properties of DADS have been studied in experimental animals and various types of cancer cells, but to date, little is known about its mode of action as an allelochemical at the cytological level. The current research presents further studies on the effects of DADS on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seed germination, root growth, mitotic index, and cell size in root meristem, as well as the phytohormone levels and expression profile of auxin biosynthesis genes (FZYs), auxin transport genes (SlPINs), and expansin genes (EXPs) in tomato root. The results showed a biphasic, dose-dependent effect on tomato seed germination and root growth under different DADS concentrations. Lower concentrations (0.01-0.62 mM) of DADS significantly promoted root growth, whereas higher levels (6.20-20.67 mM) showed inhibitory effects. Cytological observations showed that the cell length of root meristem was increased and that the mitotic activity of meristematic cells in seedling root tips was enhanced at lower concentrations of DADS. In contrast, DADS at higher concentrations inhibited root growth by affecting both the length and division activity of meristematic cells. However, the cell width of the root meristem was not affected. Additionally, DADS increased the IAA and ZR contents of seedling roots in a dose-dependent manner. The influence on IAA content may be mediated by the up-regulation of FZYs and PINs. Further investigation into the underlying mechanism revealed that the expression levels of tomato EXPs were significantly affected by DADS. The expression levels of EXPB2 and beta-expansin precursor were increased after 3 d, and those of EXP1, EXPB3 and EXLB1 were increased after 5 d of DADS treatment (0.41 mM). This result suggests that tomato root growth may be regulated by multiple expansin genes at different developmental stages. Therefore, we conclude that the effects of DADS on the root growth of tomato seedlings are likely caused by changes associated with cell division, phytohormones, and the expression levels of expansin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
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Murphy SD, Aarssen LW. Cleistogamy limits reduction in seed set inDanthonia compressa(Poaceae) caused by allelopathic pollen fromPhleum pratense(Poaceae). ECOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.1996.11682332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cheng F, Cheng Z. Research Progress on the use of Plant Allelopathy in Agriculture and the Physiological and Ecological Mechanisms of Allelopathy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1020. [PMID: 26635845 PMCID: PMC4647110 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy is a common biological phenomenon by which one organism produces biochemicals that influence the growth, survival, development, and reproduction of other organisms. These biochemicals are known as allelochemicals and have beneficial or detrimental effects on target organisms. Plant allelopathy is one of the modes of interaction between receptor and donor plants and may exert either positive effects (e.g., for agricultural management, such as weed control, crop protection, or crop re-establishment) or negative effects (e.g., autotoxicity, soil sickness, or biological invasion). To ensure sustainable agricultural development, it is important to exploit cultivation systems that take advantage of the stimulatory/inhibitory influence of allelopathic plants to regulate plant growth and development and to avoid allelopathic autotoxicity. Allelochemicals can potentially be used as growth regulators, herbicides, insecticides, and antimicrobial crop protection products. Here, we reviewed the plant allelopathy management practices applied in agriculture and the underlying allelopathic mechanisms described in the literature. The major points addressed are as follows: (1) Description of management practices related to allelopathy and allelochemicals in agriculture. (2) Discussion of the progress regarding the mode of action of allelochemicals and the physiological mechanisms of allelopathy, consisting of the influence on cell micro- and ultra-structure, cell division and elongation, membrane permeability, oxidative and antioxidant systems, growth regulation systems, respiration, enzyme synthesis and metabolism, photosynthesis, mineral ion uptake, protein and nucleic acid synthesis. (3) Evaluation of the effect of ecological mechanisms exerted by allelopathy on microorganisms and the ecological environment. (4) Discussion of existing problems and proposal for future research directions in this field to provide a useful reference for future studies on plant allelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Role of secondary metabolites of wild marigold in suppression of Johnson grass and Sun spurge. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Wu Y, Ge H, Zhou Z. Effects of Fructus ligustri lucidi on the growth, cell integrity, and metabolic activity of the Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:8471-8479. [PMID: 25548017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural waste has been used in the treatment of cyanobacterial bloom because of its environmental friendly and cost-efficient characteristics. In this work, the effects of Fructus ligustri lucidi (FLL) on the growth inhibition, physiological properties, algicidal property, and cell ultrastructure of Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated for the first time. The alga was efficiently inhibited by FLL at the dosages from 0.25 to 4.0 g L(-1), and the Chl-a fluorescence and metabolic activity of cells also declined gradually. During 25 days incubation time, the inhibition ratio of 0.25 g L(-1) dosage increased from 8 to 68 %, the percentage of intact cells decreased from 94.4 to 59.8 %, the inhibition ratio of 2.0 and 4.0 g L(-1) dosages was nearly 100 %, and the cell membranes were completely broken. The results of Chl-a, propidium iodide (PI) staining, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assays were consistent with that of growth inhibition tests. The new medium test with the PI staining test suggested that FLL may act as an algicidal agent which can inhibit the growth of M. aeruginosa in the acute time. Consequently, FLL could be an excellent choice in the treatment of eutrophic water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111, Jiulong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
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Kurashov EA, Krylova JV, Mitrukova GG, Chernova AM. Low-molecular-weight metabolites of aquatic macrophytes growing on the territory of Russia and their role in hydroecosystems. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425514040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rehman HA, Yousaf Z, Rashid M, Younas A, Arif A, Afzal I, Akram W. Phytochemical relationship of Euphorbia helioscopia and Euphorbia pulcherrima with Lactuca sativa. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1725-31. [PMID: 25075544 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.942300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Allelopathy is an important phenomenon that modifies the ecosystem. A plant can enhance or reduce the growth of other plant due to the presence of a number of allelochemicals in its different parts. Euphorbia helioscopia and Euphorbia pulcherrima are medicinal plant species. Both these species are collected from wild resources for various purposes. To reduce the pressure on wild population, it is important to bring them into cultivation. Therefore, the allelopathic effects of E. helioscopia and E. pulcherrima on the growth of lettuce seeds were studied. Three different concentrations (2%, 4% and 6%) of five different solvents (methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and distilled water) were used to estimate the allelopathic potential of the above-mentioned Euphorbia species. Results indicated a non-significant growth inhibitory effect of both plants on lettuce seeds. Different extracts reduced the growth of test plant to some extent but this inhibition was not significant. From the observed results, it was concluded that the studied Euphorbia species, being medicinally important crops, can be introduced as intercrop with other cash crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Ayesha Rehman
- a Department of Botany , Lahore College for Women University , Lahore , Pakistan
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Kalinova J. Allelopathy and Organic Farming. SOCIOLOGY, ORGANIC FARMING, CLIMATE CHANGE AND SOIL SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3333-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kupidłowska E, Gniazdowska A, Stepień J, Corbineau F, Vinel D, Skoczowski A, Janeczko A, Bogatek R. Impact of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) extracts upon reserve mobilization and energy metabolism in germinating mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds. J Chem Ecol 2007; 32:2569-83. [PMID: 17131190 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-006-9183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One commonly observed effect of phytotoxic compounds is the inhibition or delay of germination of sensitive seeds. Mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds were incubated with aqueous extracts of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaves. Although sunflower phytotoxins did not influence seed viability, extracts completely inhibited seed germination. Inhibition of germination was associated with alterations in reserve mobilization and generation of energy in the catabolic phase of germination. Degradation of lipids was suppressed by sunflower foliar extracts resulting in insufficient carbohydrate supply. The lack of respiratory substrates and decrease in energy (ATP) generation resulted in suppression of the anabolic phase of seed germination and ultimately growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kupidłowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology, Warsaw University, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
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Oracz K, Bailly C, Gniazdowska A, Côme D, Corbineau F, Bogatek R. Induction of oxidative stress by sunflower phytotoxins in germinating mustard seeds. J Chem Ecol 2007; 33:251-64. [PMID: 17216362 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-006-9222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the phytotoxic effect of sunflower on physiological and biochemical processes during germination of mustard seeds (Sinapis alba L. cv. Nakielska). To exclude the involvement of osmotic stress in seed reaction to phytotoxic compounds, we compared the effect of 10% (w/v) water extract from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Ogrodowy) leaves and 28.4% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000 solution characterized by an equal Psi = -1 MPa. We evaluated (1) the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); (2) activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase; (3) membrane permeability; and (4) level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Both, sunflower compounds and PEG solutions inhibited mustard seed germination, but only phytotoxins caused an increase in the cell membrane permeability, MDA level, H2O2 concentration, and alterations in activities of antioxidant enzymes. Our results demonstrate that despite the activation of the antioxidant system by sunflower phytotoxins, reactive oxygen species accumulation caused cellular damage, which resulted in the decrease of germinability and gradual loss of seed vigor. It seems that the negative effect of sunflower on germination of mustard seeds is mostly because of its toxicity and not to its contribution to osmotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Oracz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw Agricultural University, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Allelopathy of Tagetes minuta L. Aqueous Extracts on Seed Germination and Root Hair Growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.5141/jefb.2002.25.6.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cruz-Ortega R, Ayala-Cordero G, Anaya AL. Allelochemical stress produced by the aqueous leachate of Callicarpa acuminata: effects on roots of bean, maize, and tomato. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2002; 116:20-27. [PMID: 12207658 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1160103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro effects of an aqueous leachate (1%) of Callicarpa acuminata Kunth. (Verbenaceae) on radicle growth, protein expression, catalase activity, free radical production and membrane lipid peroxidation in roots of bean, maize, and tomato were examined. Aqueous extract of C. acuminata inhibited the radicle growth of tomato by 47%, but had no effect on root growth of maize and beans. 2D-PAGE and densitometry analysis showed that C. acuminata aqueous leachate modified the expression of various proteins in the roots of all treated plants. In treated bean roots, microsequencing analysis of an 11.3-kDa protein, whose expression was enhanced by leachate treatment, revealed a 99% similarity with subunits of alpha-amylase inhibitor of other beans. A 27.5-kDa protein induced in treated tomato showed 69-95% similarity to glutathione-S-transferases (GST) of other Solanaceae. Spectrophotometric analysis and native gels revealed that catalase activity was increased by 2.2-fold in tomato roots and 1.4-fold in bean roots. No significant changes were observed in treated maize roots. Luminol chemiluminescence levels, a measure of free radicals, increased 3.8-fold in treated tomato roots and 2.1-fold in treated bean roots. Oxidative membrane damage in treated roots was measured by lipid peroxidation rates. In tomato we observed a 2.4-fold increase in peroxidation, however, no effect was observed in maize or beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Cruz-Ortega
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Aplicada. Instituto de Ecología, UNAM. Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México, D. F. 04510, México
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Romero-Romero T, Anaya AL, Cruz-Ortega R. Screening for effects of phytochemical variability on cytoplasmic protein synthesis pattern of crop plants. J Chem Ecol 2002; 28:617-29. [PMID: 11944837 DOI: 10.1023/a:1014504531418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Crop plants have to cope with phytochemical variability along with other environmental stresses. Allelochemicals affect several cellular processes. We tested the effect of toxic aqueous leachates from Sicyos deppei, Acacia sedillense, Sebastiania adenophora, and Lantana camara on the radicle growth and cytoplasmic protein synthesis patterns of Zea mays (maize), Phaseolus vulgaris (bean), Cucurbita pepo (squash), and Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato). 2D-PAGE and gel scan densitometry analysis were used to detect differences in cytoplasmic root protein pattern expression. High-, medium-, and low-molecular-weight cytoplasmic proteins were affected by the different aqueous leachates. Crop plant responses were diverse, but in general, an increase in protein synthesis was observed in the treated roots. Maize was the least affected, but both the radicle growth and also the protein pattern of tomato were severely inhibited by all allelopathic plants. The changes observed in protein expression may indicate a biochemical alteration at the cellular level of the tested crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Romero-Romero
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Aplicada, Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Circuito Exterior Universitario, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF
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Murphy SD, Aarssen LW. Reduced seed set in Elytrigia repens caused by allelopathic pollen from Phleum pratense. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/b95-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that extracts from pollen of Phleum pratense reduce pollen germination and seed set in Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski (Poaceae), but the effect of in situ pollen from P. pratense on seed set in E. repens in the field has not been previously demonstrated. By clipping the inflorescences of P. pratense just prior to flowering, we reduced pollen dispersal in fields at three old-field sites. In adjacent fields at all three sites, P. pratense was allowed to flower unimpeded. In the clipped fields, the mean number of pollen grains of P. pratense per stigma of E. repens was reduced to less than 1 versus 9–10 grains in the unmanipulated fields. Mean percent seed set of E. repens in the clipped fields was approximately 65–70%, whereas in the unmanipulated fields it was approximately 15–20%. In the following year, when no treatments were applied (i.e., P. pratense was allowed to disperse naturally in all fields), mean percent seed set in the same plants of E. repens was uniformly reduced to less than 15% in all fields. Several lines of evidence suggest that this reduction in seed set in E. repens was caused by allelopathic pollen of P. pratense, rather than by physical occlusion: (i) previous studies using extracts of P. pratense pollen elicited similar decreases in seed set in E. repens, and the seed set decreases were nonlinear (i.e., not indicative of displacement); (ii) the number of P. pratense pollen grains on E. repens stigmas needed to cause pollen allelopathy (based on previous pollen extract studies) existed in the unmanipulated fields but not in the clipped fields; and (iii) E. repens pollen outnumbered P. pratense pollen on E. repens stigmas by at least 5:1 (even when P. pratense inflorescences were not clipped). Key words: competition, Elytrigia repens, heterospecific pollen transfer, Phleum pratense, pollen allelopathy, reproductive success.
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Phenylacetic acid as a phytotoxic compound of corn pollen. J Chem Ecol 1992; 18:897-905. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00988330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/1991] [Accepted: 02/03/1992] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cruz Ortega R, Anaya AL, Gavilanes-Ruiz M, Sanchez Nieto S, Jimenez Estrada M. Effect of diacetyl piquerol on H+-ATPase activity of microsomes fromIpomoea purpurea. J Chem Ecol 1990; 16:2253-61. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01026935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/1989] [Accepted: 01/16/1990] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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