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Li J, Zhai S, Xu X, Su Y, Yu J, Gao Y, Yang J, Zheng Z, Li B, Sun Q, Xie C, Ma J. Dissecting the genetic basis of Fusarium crown rot resistance in wheat by genome wide association study. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:43. [PMID: 38321245 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A locus conferring Fusarium crown rot resistance was identified on chromosome arm 3DL through genome wide association study and further validated in two recombinant inbred lines populations. Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a severe soil borne disease in many wheat growing regions of the world. In this study, we attempted to detect loci conferring FCR resistance through a new seedling inoculation assay. A total of 223 wheat accessions from different geography origins were used to assemble an association panel for GWAS analysis. Four genotypes including Heng 4332, Luwanmai, Pingan 998 and Yannong 24 showed stable resistance to FCR. A total of 54 SNPs associated with FCR resistance were identified. Among the 10 putative QTLs represented by these SNPs, seven QTLs on chromosome 2B, 3A, 3D, 4A, 7A and 7B were novel and were consistently detected in at least two of the three trials conducted. Qfcr.cau.3D-3, which was targeted by 38 SNPs clustered within a genomic region of approximately 5.57 Mb (609.12-614.69 Mb) on chromosome arm 3DL, was consistently detected in all the three trials. The effects of Qfcr.cau.3D-3 were further validated in two recombinant inbred line populations. The presence of this locus reduced FCR severity up to 21.55%. Interestingly, the collinear positions of sequences containing the four SNPs associated with two FCR loci (Qfcr.cau.3A and Qfcr.cau.3B) were within the regions of Qfcr.cau.3D-3, suggesting that genes underlying these three loci may be homologous. Our results provide useful information for improving FCR resistance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanshan Zhai
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangru Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuqing Su
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiazheng Yu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yutian Gao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiatian Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Baoyun Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaojie Xie
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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In silico prediction of active site and in vitro DNase and RNase activities of Helicoverpa-inducible pathogenesis related-4 protein from Cicer arietinum. Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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3
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Hwang IS, Choi DS, Kim NH, Kim DS, Hwang BK. Pathogenesis-related protein 4b interacts with leucine-rich repeat protein 1 to suppress PR4b-triggered cell death and defense response in pepper. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 77:521-33. [PMID: 24304389 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To control defense and cell-death signaling, plants contain an abundance of pathogen recognition receptors such as leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins. Here we show that pepper (Capsicum annuum) LRR1 interacts with the pepper pathogenesis-related (PR) protein 4b, PR4b, in yeast and in planta. PR4b is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum, interacts with LRR1 in the plasma membrane, and is secreted to the apoplast via the plasma membrane. Binding of PR4b to LRR1 requires the chitin-binding domain of PR4b. Purified PR4b protein inhibits spore germination and mycelial growth of plant fungal pathogens. Transient expression of PR4b triggers hypersensitive cell death. This cell death is compromised by co-expression of LRR1 as a negative regulator in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. LRR1/PR4b silencing in pepper and PR4b over-expression in Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that LRR1 and PR4b are necessary for defense responses to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) infection. The mutant of the PR4b Arabidopsis ortholog, pr4, showed enhanced susceptibility to Hpa infection. Together, our results suggest that PR4b functions as a positive modulator of plant cell death and defense responses. However, the activity of PR4b is suppressed by interaction with LRR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sun Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
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4
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Filipenko EA, Kochetov AV, Kanayama Y, Malinovsky VI, Shumny VK. PR-proteins with ribonuclease activity and plant resistance against pathogenic fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079059713060026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Bai S, Dong C, Li B, Dai H. A PR-4 gene identified from Malus domestica is involved in the defense responses against Botryosphaeria dothidea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013. [PMID: 23178481 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related protein-4 (PR-4) family is a group of proteins with a Barwin domain in C-terminus and generally thought to be involved in plant defense responses. However, their detailed roles are poorly understood in defense of apple plant against pathogenic infection. In the present study, a new PR-4 gene (designated as MdPR-4) was identified from Malus domestica, and its roles in defense responses of apple were investigated. The open reading frame of MdPR-4 gene is of 447 bp encoding a protein of 148 amino acids with a Barwin domain in C-terminus and a signal peptide of 26 amino acids in N-terminus. Sequence and structural analysis indicated that MdPR-4 protein belongs to class II of PR-4 family. The high-level expression of MdPR-4 was observed in flowers and leaves as revealed by quantitative real time PCR. The temporal expression analysis demonstrated that MdPR-4 expression could be up-regulated by Botryosphaeria dothidea infection and salicylic acid (SA) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment, but suppressed by diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DIECA). In vitro assays, recombinant MdPR-4 protein exhibited ribonuclease activity specific for single strand RNA and significant inhibition to hyphal growth of three apple pathogenic fungi B. dothidea, Valsa ceratosperma and Glomerella cingulata. Moreover, the inhibition was reduced by the presence of 5'-ADP. Taken all together, the results indicate that MdPR-4 protein is involved in the defense responses of apple against pathogenic attack by directly inhibiting hyphal growth, and the inhibition is correlated with its ribonuclease activity, where as MdPR-4 expression is regulated by both SA and JA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Bai
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China
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6
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Wang N, Xiao B, Xiong L. Identification of a cluster of PR4-like genes involved in stress responses in rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:2212-24. [PMID: 21955397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PR4 proteins constitute a pathogenesis-related (PR) protein family with a conserved BARWIN domain. In this study, we analyzed PR4-homologous genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and identified five putative PR4 genes designated as OsPR4a-e. The five PR4 genes are located in tandem on chromosome 11 and constitute a gene cluster with high sequence similarity to each other. The OsPR4 proteins have high sequence similarity to reported PR4 proteins from monocotyledonous species and are predicted to be class II PR4 proteins. Distinct diversification of plant PR4 proteins exists between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Except for OsPR4e, which was not detected with any transcript, the other four OsPR4 genes showed diverse temporal-spatial expression patterns, and their expressions are responsive to Magnaporthe grisea infection. Interestingly, the OsPR4 genes are also responsive to abiotic stresses. Their expression levels were strongly induced by at least one of the stress treatments including drought, salt, cold, wounding, heat shock, and ultraviolet. The transcript levels of OsPR4 genes were also induced by some phytohormones such as abscisic acid and jasmonic acid. Transgenic rice with overexpression of OsPR4a showed enhanced tolerance to drought at both seedling and reproductive stages. We conclude that rice PR4 genes are also involved in abiotic stress responses and tolerance in addition to their responsiveness to pathogen attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nili Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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7
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Proietti S, Bertini L, Van der Ent S, Leon-Reyes A, Pieterse CMJ, Tucci M, Caporale C, Caruso C. Cross activity of orthologous WRKY transcription factors in wheat and Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:1975-90. [PMID: 21193575 PMCID: PMC3060686 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
WRKY proteins are transcription factors involved in many plant processes including plant responses to pathogens. Here, the cross activity of TaWRKY78 from the monocot wheat and AtWRKY20 from the dicot Arabidopsis on the cognate promoters of the orthologous PR4-type genes wPR4e and AtHEL of wheat and Arabidopsis, respectively, was investigated. In vitro analysis showed the ability of TaWRKY78 to bind a -17/+80 region of the wPR4e promoter, containing one cis-acting W-box. Moreover, transient expression analysis performed on both TaWRKY78 and AtWRKY20 showed their ability to recognize the cognate cis-acting elements present in the wPR4e and AtHEL promoters, respectively. Finally, this paper provides evidence that both transcription factors are able to cross-regulate the orthologous PR4 genes with an efficiency slightly lower than that exerted on the cognate promoters. The observation that orthologous genes are subjected to similar transcriptional control by orthologous transcription factors demonstrates that the terminal stages of signal transduction pathways leading to defence are conserved and suggests a fundamental role of PR4 genes in plant defence. Moreover, these results corroborate the hypothesis that gene orthology imply similar gene function and that diversification between monocot and dicot has most likely occurred after the specialization of WRKY function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Proietti
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Universita' della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - L. Bertini
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Universita' della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - S. Van der Ent
- Plant–Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A. Leon-Reyes
- Plant–Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C. M. J. Pieterse
- Plant–Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics, PO Box 98, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Tucci
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Portici, National Research Council, Via Universita’ 133, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - C. Caporale
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Universita' della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - C. Caruso
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Universita' della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, Viterbo 01100, Italy
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8
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Bykova NV, Hoehn B, Rampitsch C, Banks T, Stebbing JA, Fan T, Knox R. Redox-sensitive proteome and antioxidant strategies in wheat seed dormancy control. Proteomics 2011; 11:865-82. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Guevara-Morato MÁ, de Lacoba MG, García-Luque I, Serra MT. Characterization of a pathogenesis-related protein 4 (PR-4) induced in Capsicum chinense L3 plants with dual RNase and DNase activities. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:3259-71. [PMID: 20511278 PMCID: PMC2905194 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Resistance conferred by the L(3) gene is active against most of the tobamoviruses, including the Spanish strain (PMMoV-S), a P(1),(2) pathotype, but not against certain strains of pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), termed as P(1),(2),(3) pathotype, such as the Italian strain (PMMoV-I). PMMoV-S induces a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in C. chinense PI159236 plant leaves with the formation of necrotic local lesions and restriction of the virus at the primary infection sites. In this paper, a C. chinense PR-4 protein induced during both the compatible and the incompatible interactions has been identified. It was strongly associated with HR induction and to a lesser extent with the compatible interaction, but only in the later stages of infection. Moreover, it was found to accumulate during the necrogenic reaction induced by Potato virus X. The C. chinense PR-4 protein belongs to the PR-4 protein subgroup II, based on the absence of a hevein domain. Furthermore, it is shown that the purified protein does not have chitinase activity, as previously proposed for PR-4 proteins. Instead, it has both RNase and DNase activity, although its contribution to the bulk activity of nucleases in infected plants is very low.
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10
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Bertini L, Caporale C, Testa M, Proietti S, Caruso C. Structural basis of the antifungal activity of wheat PR4 proteins. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2865-71. [PMID: 19647737 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PR4 proteins possess antifungal activity against several pathogenic fungi suggesting a pivotal role in defence reactions against plant pathogen attack. We already showed that wheatwin1, a wheat PR protein of class 4, is endowed with ribonuclease activity. In this study we produced three mutants altering the active site and performed comparative analysis with the native protein also in the presence of the ribonuclease inhibitor 5'-ADP. We characterized the RNA binding site and its interaction with 5'-ADP by 3D modelling and docking studies. Moreover, in vitro antifungal assays have been carried out in order to study the relationship between antifungal and ribonuclease activities. Finally, localization of wheatwin1 in Fusarium culmorum spores was evaluated using fluorescence light microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bertini
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia ed Agrochimica, Universita' della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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11
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Bertini L, Cascone A, Tucci M, D'Amore R, Di Berardino I, Buonocore V, Caporale C, Caruso C. Molecular and functional analysis of new members of the wheat PR4 gene family. Biol Chem 2006; 387:1101-11. [PMID: 16895481 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2006.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Five new genes belonging to the pathogenesis-related (PR) 4 family have been cloned and characterised in Triticum aestivum. Two full-length genes, named wPR4e and wPR4f-b, were isolated by library screening, demonstrating the presence of a small intron only in wPR4f-b. Two other PR4 genes (wPR4f-a and wPR4f-c) were isolated by PCR, showing very high sequence identity with wPR4f-b and constituting a new sub-family. Transcription start analysis was performed by RLM-RACE, leading to the isolation of a fifth gene, named wPR4g, that is highly homologous to wPR4e; both encode putative vacuolar PR4 proteins (Wheatwin7 and Wheatwin5, respectively). wPR4e and wPR4f sub-family genes are induced by F. culmorum infection, by chemicals that lead to systemic acquired resistance and by wounding, showing different spatial and temporal induction pathways. In silico analysis of the 5' untranslated regions of wPR4e and wPR4f-b revealed the presence of several abiotic and biotic stress-responsive elements. wPR4e and wPR4f-b putative promoters were fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene, and transient and stable expression assays demonstrated that both are able to drive expression of GUS. Characterisation of these new PR4 genes and particularly of their 5' untranslated regions, as well as the determination of their expression patterns, will contribute to our understanding of the responsiveness of this gene family to various stress conditions and of its role in plant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bertini
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Università della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy
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12
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Caporale C, Bertini L, Pucci P, Buonocore V, Caruso C. CysMap and CysJoin: Database and tools for protein disulphides localisation. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:3048-54. [PMID: 15896787 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a computer program able to make user-customised databases derived from the public PIR non-redundant reference protein database. When the database of interest has been created, the user will generate the map of all the possible linear peptides containing one and two cysteines for each protein and combine them to calculate the mass of all the possible clusters of linear peptides linked by a disulphide bridge with a cysteine pair. It is also possible to create selected maps corresponding to peptides formed by the action of specific proteases. In this way, mass spectrometric data obtained from the hydrolysis of proteins of unknown sequence can be related to that contained in the database for quick disulphide assignment and protein identification. To confirm signal attribution, the program will also furnish the expected mass of cluster peptides after performing a cycle of Edman degradation. The utility of the program is discussed and examples of application are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Caporale
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia ed Agrochimica, Universita della Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Caporale C, Di Berardino I, Leonardi L, Bertini L, Cascone A, Buonocore V, Caruso C. Wheat pathogenesis-related proteins of class 4 have ribonuclease activity. FEBS Lett 2004; 575:71-6. [PMID: 15388335 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2004] [Revised: 07/23/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that wheatwin1, a wheat pathogenesis-related protein of class 4 (PR4), has ribonuclease activity. Both native and recombinant proteins hydrolyse RNA from wheat coleoptils and have antifungal activity. Sepharose-bound wheatwin1 is able to interact with either wheat or Fusarium culmorum RNA. 3D modelling studies showed that, like ribonucleases A and T1, the action mechanism should involve two His residues, an Arg residue and an Asp residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Caporale
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia ed Agrochimica, Università della Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Caruso C, Bertini L, Tucci M, Caporale C, Nobile M, Leonardi L, Buonocore V. Recombinant wheat antifungal PR4 proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2001; 23:380-8. [PMID: 11722174 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2001.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PR proteins are soluble and host-coded molecules with antifungal activity induced by a variety of agents. Wheat contains several PR proteins and among them are those of the class 4 coded wheatwin1 and wheatwin2; the two native proteins have been isolated from wheat kernel and the coding cDNA clones have been recently characterized. Herein, we report the expression of recombinant wheatwin1 and wheatwin2 in Escherichia coli-insoluble fractions; a new protocol for the purification in high yields and correct processing of the two proteins was developed. The recombinant proteins have molecular weights identical to that of the native proteins, indicating that the removal of the N-terminal methionine and cyclization of glutamine to pyroglutamate was complete. Both recombinant proteins inhibited in vitro the growth of Fusarium culmorum exhibiting antifungal properties similar to those of the native proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Caruso
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Università della Tusica, Italy.
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Caruso C, Nobile M, Leonardi L, Bertini L, Buonocore V, Caporale C. Isolation and amino acid sequence of two new PR-4 proteins from wheat. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2001; 20:327-35. [PMID: 11594467 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010905802749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have purified and characterized two new pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins from wheat belonging to the PR-4 family. We named the proteins wheatwin3 and wheatwin4 in analogy with the previously characterized wheatwin1 and wheatwin2. Their isoelectric points were 7.1 and 8.4, respectively. We determined the complete amino acid sequence of both proteins by a rapid approach based on the knowledge of the primary structures of the homologous wheatwin1 and wheatwin2. Wheatwin3 differs from wheatwin1 in one substitution at position 88, while wheatwin4 differs from wheatwin2 in one substitution at position 78. The secondary structure and solvent accessibility of these residues were determined on the three-dimensional model of wheatwinl. Residue 88 was very accessible and was located in a flexible region. Preliminary results indicate that, like wheatwin1 and wheatwin2, wheatwin3 and wheatwin4 have antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Caruso
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia ed Agrochimica, Universitá della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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Caruso C, Bertini L, Tucci M, Caporale C, Leonardi L, Saccardo F, Bressan RA, Veronese P, Buonocore V. Isolation and characterisation of wheat cDNA clones encoding PR4 proteins. DNA SEQUENCE : THE JOURNAL OF DNA SEQUENCING AND MAPPING 2000; 10:301-7. [PMID: 10727084 DOI: 10.3109/10425179909033956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Two cDNA clones encoding the previously characterised PR4 proteins wheatwin 1 and wheatwin2 from wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. S. Pastore) have been identified and named wPR4a and wPR4b, respectively. The clones have been isolated by screening a cDNA library with a specific cDNA probe obtained by RT-PCR. The wPR4a and wPR4b cDNAs contain open reading frames of 441 and 447 bp that encode for wheatwin1 and wheatwin2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Caruso
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Universitá della Tuscia, Italy.
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17
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Caporale C, Caruso C, Facchiano A, Nobile M, Leonardi L, Bertini L, Colonna G, Buonocore V. Probing the modelled structure of Wheatwin1 by controlled proteolysis and sequence analysis of unfractionated digestion mixtures. Proteins 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0134(19990801)36:2<192::aid-prot5>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Caruso C, Caporale C, Chilosi G, Vacca F, Bertini L, Magro P, Poerio E, Buonocore V. Structural and antifungal properties of a pathogenesis-related protein from wheat kernel. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1996; 15:35-44. [PMID: 8838588 DOI: 10.1007/bf01886809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have purified and characterized a protein from the water-soluble fraction of wheat kernel (Triticum aestivum cv. S. Pastore) consisting of a single polypeptide chain blocked at its N-terminus by a pyroglutamate residue; the complete amino acid sequence has been determined by automated sequence analysis performed on peptide fragments obtained by enzymatic hydrolyses of the protein. Homology studies have shown that this protein is very similar (97% sequence identity) to the previously characterized wheatwin1 as well as to other members of the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins of class 4; in analogy with wheatwin1, we have termed this protein wheatwin2. Both wheatwin1 and wheatwin2 have specific antifugal activity toward the wide-host-range pathogen Botrytis cinerea and the wheat-specific pathogenic fungi of wheat Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum of groups 1 and 2. On the basis of their structural and functional properties, wheatwin1 and wheatwin2 can be classified as members of the PR4 protein family; this represents the first report concerning the presence of this kind of protein in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Caruso
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Universitá della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
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