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Adnan FH, Pons MN, Mousset E. Mass transport evolution in microfluidic thin film electrochemical reactors: New correlations from millimetric to submillimetric interelectrode distances. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Adesokan B, Quan X, Evgrafov A, Heiskanen A, Boisen A, Sørensen M. Experimentation and numerical modeling of cyclic voltammetry for electrochemical micro-sized sensors under the influence of electrolyte flow. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Illa X, Ordeig O, Snakenborg D, Romano-Rodríguez A, Compton RG, Kutter JP. A cyclo olefin polymer microfluidic chip with integrated gold microelectrodes for aqueous and non-aqueous electrochemistry. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:1254-1261. [PMID: 20445877 DOI: 10.1039/b926737a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an entirely polymeric microfluidic system, made of cyclo olefin polymer (COP), with integrated gold microband electrodes for electrochemical applications in organic media. In the present work, we take advantage of the COP's high chemical stability to polar organic solvents in two different ways: (i) to fabricate gold microelectrodes using COP as a substrate by standard lithographic and lift-off techniques; and (ii) to perform electrochemical experiments in organic media. In particular, fourteen parallel gold microelectrodes with a width of 14 microm and separated from their closest neighbour by 16 microm were fabricated by lithographic and lift-off techniques on a 188 microm thick COP sheet. A closed channel configuration was obtained by pressure-assisted thermal bonding between the COP sheet containing the microelectrodes and a microstructured COP sheet, where a 3 cm long, 50 microm wide and 24 microm deep channel was fabricated via hot embossing. Cyclic voltammetric measurements were carried out in aqueous and organic media, using a solution consisting of 5 mM ferrocyanide/ferricyanide in 0.5 M KNO(3) and 5 mM ferrocene in 0.1 M TBAP/acetonitrile, respectively. Experimental currents obtained for different flow rates ranging from 1 to 10 microL min(-1) were compared to the theoretical steady state currents calculated by the Levich equation for a band electrode (R. G. Compton, A. C. Fisher, R. G. Wellington, P. J. Dobson and P. A. Leigh, J. Phys. Chem., 1993, 97, 10410-10415). In both cases, the difference between the experimental and the predicted data is less than 5%, thus validating the behaviour of the fabricated device. This result opens the possibility to use a microfluidic system made entirely from COP with integrated microband electrodes in organic electroanalysis and in electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavi Illa
- Universitat de Barcelona, MIND-IN(2)UB Department of Electronics, Barcelona, Spain.
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Jones FG, Dryfe RA. Hydrodynamic voltammetry at the interface between immiscible electrolyte solutions: Numerical simulation of the voltammetric response. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Thompson M, Davis J, Compton RG. Theory of cyclic voltammetry in tubular electrodes under no flow conditions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thompson M, Klymenko OV, Compton RG. Modelling homogeneous kinetics in the double channel electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Thompson M, Klymenko OV, Compton RG. Mass transport limited currents at the tubular electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Henley IE, Fisher AC. Computational Electrochemistry: The Simulation of Voltammetry in Microchannels with Low Conductivity Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030238k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hill SS, Dryfe RAW, Roberts EPL, Fisher AC, Yunus K. Hydrodynamic study of ion transfer at the liquid/liquid interface: the channel flow cell. Anal Chem 2003; 75:486-93. [PMID: 12585474 DOI: 10.1021/ac0259459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A hydrodynamic system based on the channel flow cell for voltammetric detection of ions at the liquid/liquid interface is reported. The current response for tetraethylammonium ion transfer across a membrane-supported liquid/liquid interface is shown to be consistent with existing theory for both the flow rate and voltage scan rate dependence of such processes, with no calibration factors or other adjustable parameters required. The analytical utility of such a device is discussed with specific regard to in situ measurements in flow systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 88, Sackville Street, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom
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Rees NV, Klymenko OV, Maisonhaute E, Coles BA, Compton RG. The application of fast scan cyclic voltammetry to the high speed channel electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(02)01445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Del Campo FJ, Melville J, Hardcastle JL, Compton RG. Differential Pulse and Chronoamperometric Studies of Insonated Systems: Acoustic Streaming and Cavitational Effects. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002948l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Javier Del Campo
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - James Melville
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Joanna L. Hardcastle
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
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Powell M, Ball JC, Tsai YC, Suárez MF, Compton RG. Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry at Mercury-Plated Electrodes. Simulation of Surface Morphology Effects on Electrochemically Reversible, Irreversible, and Quasi-reversible Processes: Comparison of Thin Films and Microdroplets. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001443s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Powell
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jon C. Ball
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Chen Tsai
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marco F. Suárez
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Liljeroth P, Johans C, Kontturi K, Manzanares JA. Channel flow at an immobilised liquid|liquid interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Use of dynamically adaptive grid techniques for the solution of electrochemical kinetic equations. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bieniasz L. Finite-difference electrochemical kinetic simulations using the Rosenbrock time integration scheme. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ball JC, Compton RG. Anodic Stripping Voltammetry at Hydrodynamic Mercury Electrodes. Square Wave Voltammetry: Numerical Theory for Electrochemically Reversible Systems. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980749k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon C. Ball
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ U.K
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ U.K
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Ball JC, Compton RG. Anodic stripping voltammetry at hydrodynamic mercury thin film electrodes. Part 2. Numerical simulation of stripping peaks for irreversible and quasireversible processes. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140091702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Anodic stripping voltammetry at flow-through electrodes: theory and experiment. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(97)00291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ball JC, Compton RG. Anodic stripping voltammetry at hydrodynamic mercury thin film electrodes. Numerical simulation of stripping peaks for reversible processes at uniformly accessible electrodes. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140091007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Compton RG, Eklund JC, Hallik A, Kumbhat S, Nei L, Bond AM, Colton R, Mah YA. Photoelectrochemical oxidation of tris(dimethyldithiocarbamato-S,S′)cobalt(III). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/dt9950001917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Britz D, Østerby O. Some numerical investigations of the stability of electrochemical digital simulation, particularly as affected by first-order homogeneous reactions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(93)03085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Compton RG, Barghout R, Eklund JC, Fisher AC. Voltammetric monitoring of photochemical reactions: The photosubstitution of group VIA hexacarbonyls. ELECTROANAL 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140060109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tait RJ, Bury PC, Finnin BC, Reed BL, Bond AM. An explicit finite difference simulation for chronoamperometry at a disk microelectrode in a channel flow solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(93)80508-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Compton RG, Fisher AC, Sanders GHW. Voltammetric waveshapes measured in flowing systems: Mass transport-limited tafel analysis of some nonsimple systems. ELECTROANAL 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140050715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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