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Jun KY, Park SE, Liang JL, Jahng Y, Kwon Y. Benzo[b]tryptanthrin Inhibits MDR1, Topoisomerase Activity, and Reverses Adriamycin Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:827-35. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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2
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Kwon HB, Park C, Jeon KH, Lee E, Park SE, Jun KY, Kadayat TM, Thapa P, Karki R, Na Y, Park MS, Rho SB, Lee ES, Kwon Y. A Series of Novel Terpyridine-Skeleton Molecule Derivants Inhibit Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Targeting Topoisomerases. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1100-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jm501023q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Byeol Kwon
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanmi Park
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Jeon
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Eun Park
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Yeon Jun
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Tara Man Kadayat
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Pritam Thapa
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Radha Karki
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Na
- College
of Pharmacy, Cha University, Pochon 487-010, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Park
- Research Institute,
National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- Research Institute,
National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung-Seok Lee
- College
of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kwon
- College
of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global
Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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3
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Park SE, Chang IH, Jun KY, Lee E, Lee ES, Na Y, Kwon Y. 3-(3-Butylamino-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-1-hydroxy-xanthen-9-one acts as a topoisomerase IIα catalytic inhibitor with low DNA damage. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:139-45. [PMID: 24013413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As a continuous study we prepared several alkylamine (n = 3-6) and evaluated for the pharmacological activity and mode of action. In the topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) inhibition test, compound 4 showed strongest inhibitory activity among the compounds at 10 μM. Inhibitory activities of the compounds are in the order of 4 (n = 4) > 1 (n = 3) >> 5 (n = 5) ≈ 6 (n = 6); 8 (n = 4) >> 7 (n = 3) ≈ 9 (n = 5) ≈ 10 (n = 6) where n is the number of carbon in the aliphatic side chain in ring C and compounds 7-10 have additional methoxy group in ring A compared to compounds 1, 4-6. Compound 4 showed efficient cytotoxicities against T47D (IC₅₀: 0.93 ± 0.04 μM) and HCT15 (IC50: 0.78 ± 0.01 μM) cells, which are higher than etoposide. Compound 4 was also an ATP-competitive human topo IIα catalytic inhibitor with partially blocking human topo IIα-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis and intercalating into DNA. Compound 4 induced much less DNA damage than etoposide in HCT15 human colorectal carcinoma cells. Overall, compound 4 can be a potential anticancer agent acting as topo IIα catalytic inhibitor with low DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Eun Park
- College of Pharmacy & Ewha Global Top5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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4
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Deegan C, McCann M, Devereux M, Coyle B, Egan DA. In vitro cancer chemotherapeutic activity of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), [Ag2(phen)3(mal)]·2H2O, [Cu(phen)2(mal)]·2H2O and [Mn(phen)2(mal)]·2H2O (malH2=malonic acid) using human cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2007; 247:224-33. [PMID: 16740357 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic potential of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), and three of its transition metal complexes, namely [Cu(phen)(2)(mal)]x2H(2)O, [Mn(phen)(2)(mal)]x2H(2)O and [Ag(2)(phen)(3)(mal)]x2H(2)O (malH(2)=malonic acid) was determined using two human carcinoma cell lines (A-498 and Hep-G2). Phen and the three metal-phen complexes induced a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect, with metal complexes demonstrating the greatest cytotoxic response. In comparative studies, IC(50) values show cytotoxicity of between 3 and 18 times greater than that observed for the metal-based anti-cancer agent, cisplatin. All of the phen-based complexes inhibited DNA synthesis which did not appear to be mediated through intercalation. Also, the potential cancer chemotherapeutic application of these compounds was seen to be enhanced by results obtained from Ames tests, which showed all of the test agents and their phase I metabolites were non-mutagenic. Taken together, these results suggest that phen and the three metal-phen complexes may have a therapeutic role to play in the successful treatment and management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Deegan
- Pharma R&D Team, School of Science, Institute of Technology, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
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Deegan C, Coyle B, McCann M, Devereux M, Egan DA. In vitro anti-tumour effect of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione), [Cu(phendione)3](ClO4)2·4H2O and [Ag(phendione)2]ClO4 using human epithelial cell lines. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 164:115-25. [PMID: 17030029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The anti-cancer chemotherapeutic potential of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione), [Cu(phendione)(3)](ClO(4))(2).4H(2)O and [Ag(phendione)(2)]ClO(4) were determined using four human cells lines, i.e. two neoplastic (A-498 and Hep-G2) and two non-neoplastic (CHANG and HK-2). All of the phendione derivatives induced a concentration-dependant decrease in the viability of the four cell lines, with [Cu(phendione)(3)](ClO(4))(2).4H(2)O displaying greatest activity. In comparative studies, IC(50) values obtained with the two neoplastic cell lines showed a cytotoxic response which was between 3 and 35 times greater than that observed for the metal-based anti-cancer agent, cisplatin. Furthermore, metal-phendione complexes, rather than simple solvated metal ions, were responsible for the observed cytotoxicity. Despite the high level of potency associated with these compounds they did not display an apparent cyto-selective profile, as they reduced the viability of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. However, selected mechanistic studies showed that phendione and its metal complexes inhibited DNA synthesis which did not appear to be mediated through intercalation. Ames testing highlighted that all three compounds and their phase I metabolites were non-mutagenic, unlike cisplatin. Taken together, these results suggest that phendione and its Cu(II) and Ag(I) complexes may be capable of acting as highly effective anti-cancer therapies, which with careful administration could provide very potent and effective alternatives to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Deegan
- Centre for Pharmaceutical R&D, School of Science, Institute of Technology, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland; Department of Science, School of Science, Institute of Technology, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
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Thati B, Noble A, Creaven BS, Walsh M, McCann M, Kavanagh K, Devereux M, Egan DA. In vitro anti-tumour and cyto-selective effects of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid and three of its hydroxylated derivatives, along with their silver-based complexes, using human epithelial carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Lett 2006; 248:321-31. [PMID: 16996681 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Revised: 06/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic potential of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (C-3-COOH) and a series of three hydroxylated coumarin-3-carboxylic acid ligands, namely 6-hydroxy-coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (6-OH-C-3-COOH), 7-hydroxy-coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (7-OH-C-3-COOH) and 8-hydroxy-coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (8-OH-C-3-COOH), along with their corresponding silver-based complexes, namely 6-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylatosilver (6-OH-C-COO-Ag), 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylatosilver (7-OH-C-COO-Ag) and 8-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylatosilver (8-OH-C-COO-Ag), was determined using two human-derived carcinoma (A-498 and Hep-G2), along with two non-carcinoma human-derived cell lines (CHANG and HK-2). All of the ligands and their silver complexes induced a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, hydroxylation of C-3-COOH and its subsequent complexation with silver led to the production of a series of compounds with dramatically enhanced cytotoxicity, with 6-OH-C-3-COO-Ag having the greatest activity. Additionally, all of the metal-based complexes were selectively cytotoxic to both carcinoma-derived cell lines, relative to normal renal and hepatic cells. In comparative studies with cisplatin, and based on the IC(50) values obtained with Hep-G2 cells, it appeared that the coumarin-silver complexes were between 2 and 5.5 times more cytotoxic than cisplatin. All of the coumarin-silver complexes inhibited DNA synthesis, which did not appear to be mediated through intercalation. Furthermore, results obtained from Ames tests showed that all of the test agents and their phase I metabolites were non-mutagenic. Taken together, these findings suggest that both hydroxylation particularly in the 6th position and complexation with silver, served to significantly augment the cytotoxic properties of C-3-COOH, to yield a compound which acts as a cyto-selective agent, as it is a significant killer of cancer, relative to normal cells. We suggest that this group of compounds may have a therapeutic role to play in the successful treatment and management of cancer in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Thati
- Centre for Pharmaceutical R&D, School of Science, Institute of Technology, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
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Pelchat M, Perreault JP. Binding site of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to an RNA promoter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 319:636-42. [PMID: 15178453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) from Escherichia coli has previously been reported to specifically initiate transcription from viroid-derived RNA promoters in vitro. In order to gain insight into the molecular mechanism of RNA promoter recognition by this RNAP, we have used nucleic acid intercalators and RNA:protein footprinting experiments to study the interaction between the polymerase and an RNA promoter at the initiation site. Our data revealed that the polymerase binds an external single-stranded loop, rather than a double-stranded region as is the case for DNA templates. Despite this divergence in promoter binding, the model RNA template was bound by both the beta and beta' subunits of the RNAP, as is observed with DNA templates. Most importantly, this work proposes large single-stranded RNA hairpin loops have the potential to be promoters for DNA-dependent RNAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pelchat
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1H 8M5.
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Finn GJ, Kenealy E, Creaven BS, Egan DA. In vitro cytotoxic potential and mechanism of action of selected coumarins, using human renal cell lines. Cancer Lett 2002; 183:61-8. [PMID: 12049815 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the selective cytotoxicity of eight coumarin compounds to human renal carcinoma cells, relative to non-carcinoma proximal tubular cells. Selectivity cytotoxicity was observed following exposure to 6-nitro-7-hydroxycoumarin (6-NO(2)-7-OHC) and 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin (7,8-OHC). 6-NO(2)-7-OHC induced cytotoxicity was irreversible in both cell lines, unlike 7,8-OHC, which was reversible in the carcinoma cells only. Mobility shift and BrdU incorporation assays showed that both compounds did not intercalate DNA but had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on its synthesis. All coumarins studied were found to be non-mutagenic using the standard Ames test. These results would suggest that 6-NO(2)-7-OHC and 7,8-OHC might have a therapeutic role to play in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Finn
- Department of Applied Science, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Science, Institute of Technology, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
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Sivolob A, De Lucia F, Révet B, Prunell A. Nucleosome dynamics. II. High flexibility of nucleosome entering and exiting DNAs to positive crossing. An ethidium bromide fluorescence study of mononucleosomes on DNA minicircles. J Mol Biol 1999; 285:1081-99. [PMID: 9918718 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
H2A-H2B exchange with the intranuclear histone pool upon chromatin transcription in vivo is generally viewed as being triggered by the DNA positive supercoiling wave pushed by the elongating polymerase. This notion was tested here by investigating a potential release of H2A-H2B by ethidium bromide-induced positive supercoiling in the loop of mononucleosomes reconstituted on DNA minicircles. The results of gel electrophoresis, fluorescence titration and electron microscopy showed that such a positive supercoiling was not able to release H2A-H2B, nor to unfold the nucleosome to any detectable extent. The reason appeared to be the ease with which the loop could undergo a positive crossing, a surprising observation in view of the DNA left-handed wrapping around the octamer. Moreover, the influence of histone acetylation suggested that such loop flexibility to positive crossing is mediated by histone N-terminal tails which, by interacting with entering and exiting DNAs, reduce their electrostatic repulsion. These conclusions are confirmed and extended in the accompanying article through relaxation with topoisomerase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sivolob
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, 2 place Jussieu, Paris Cédex 05, 75251, France
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Zeman SM, Depew KM, Danishefsky SJ, Crothers DM. Simultaneous determination of helical unwinding angles and intrinsic association constants in ligand-DNA complexes: the interaction between DNA and calichearubicin B. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:4327-32. [PMID: 9539736 PMCID: PMC22488 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.8.4327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a helical unwinding assay for reversibly binding DNA ligands that uses closed circular DNA, topoisomerase I (Topo I), and two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis. Serially diluted Topo I relaxation reactions at constant DNA/ligand ratio are performed, and the resulting apparent unwinding of the closed circular DNA is used to calculate both ligand unwinding angle (phi) and intrinsic association constant (Ka). Mathematical treatment of apparent unwinding is formally analogous to that of apparent extinction coefficient data for optical binding titrations. Extrapolation to infinite DNA concentration yields the true unwinding angle of a given ligand and its association constant under Topo I relaxation conditions. Thus this assay delivers simultaneous structural and thermodynamic information describing the ligand-DNA complex. The utility of this assay has been demonstrated by using calichearubicin B (CRB), a synthetic hybrid molecule containing the anthraquinone chromophore of (DA) and the carbohydrate domain of calicheamicin gamma1I. The unwinding angle for CRB calculated by this method is -5. 3 +/- 0.5 degrees. Its Ka value is 0.20 x 10(6) M-1. For comparison, the unwinding angles of ethidium bromide and DA have been independently calculated, and the results are in agreement with canonical values for these compounds. Although a stronger binder to selected sites, CRB is a less potent unwinder than its parent compound DA. The assay requires only small amounts of ligand and offers an attractive option for analysis of DNA binding by synthetic and natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Zeman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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Pommier Y, Covey JM, Kerrigan D, Markovits J, Pham R. DNA unwinding and inhibition of mouse leukemia L1210 DNA topoisomerase I by intercalators. Nucleic Acids Res 1987; 15:6713-31. [PMID: 2819825 PMCID: PMC306134 DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.16.6713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA unwinding effects of some 9-aminoacridine derivatives were compared under reaction conditions that could be used to study drug-induced topoisomerase II inhibition. An assay was designed to determine drug-induced DNA unwinding by using L1210 topoisomerase I. 9-aminoacridines could be ranked by decreasing unwinding potency: compound C greater than or equal to 9-aminoacridine greater than o-AMSA greater than or equal to compound A greater than compound B greater than m-AMSA. Ethidium bromide was more potent than any of the 9-aminoacridines. This assay is a fast and simple method to compare DNA unwinding effects of intercalators. It led to the definition of a drug intrinsic unwinding constant (k). An additional finding was that all 9-aminoacridines and ethidium bromide inhibited L1210 topoisomerase I. Enzyme inhibition was detectable at low enzyme concentrations (less than or equal to 1 unit) and when the kinetics of topoisomerase I-mediated DNA relaxation was studied. Topoisomerase I inhibition was not associated with DNA swivelling or cleavage.
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Dougherty G, Pilbrow JR. Physico-chemical probes of intercalation. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 16:1179-92. [PMID: 6397369 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(84)90215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Abstract
DNA is the primary genetic material of most organisms. A wide variety of naturally occurring duplex DNA's are known to exist as covalently closed circles. This covalent continuity introduces a topological constraint, and consequently these molecules possess aspects of tertiary and even higher-order structure. Virtually every physical, chemical and biological property of DNA - its transcription, hydrodynamic behaviour, energetics, enzymology and so on - are related to these structural features. We describe the parameters describing the topology and conformation of covalently-closed, duplex DNA's (form I DNA's), the conservation relationship between them and its implications.
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