1
|
Xu M, Wu W, Zhao M, Chung JPW, Li TC, Chan DYL. Common dysmorphic oocytes and embryos in assisted reproductive technology laboratory in association with gene alternations. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 152:106298. [PMID: 36122887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amorphic or defected oocytes and embryos are commonly observed in assisted reproductive technology (ART) laboratories. It is believed that a proper gene expression at each stage of embryo development contributes to the possibility of a decent-quality embryo leading to successful implantation. Many studies reported that several defects in embryo morphology are associated with gene expressions during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. There is lacking literature review on summarizing common morphological defects about gene alternations. In this review, we summarized the current literature. We selected 64 genes that have been reported to be involved in embryo morphological abnormalities in animals and humans, 30 of which were identified in humans and might be the causes of embryonic changes. Five papers focusing on associations of multiple gene expressions and embryo abnormalities using RNA transcriptomes were also included during the search. We have also reviewed our time-lapse image database with over 3000 oocytes/embryos to show morphological defects possibly related to gene alternations reported previously in the literature. This holistic review can better understand the associations between gene alternations and morphological changes. It is also beneficial to select important biomarkers with strong evidence in IVF practice and reveal their potential application in embryo selection. Also, identifying genes may help patients with genetic disorders avoid unnecessary treatments by providing preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects (PGT-M), reduce embryo replacements by less potential, and help scientists develop new methods for oocyte/embryo research in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murong Xu
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Waner Wu
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingpeng Zhao
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jacqueline Pui Wah Chung
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tin Chiu Li
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Yiu Leung Chan
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De Coster T, Masset H, Tšuiko O, Catteeuw M, Zhao Y, Dierckxsens N, Aparicio AL, Dimitriadou E, Debrock S, Peeraer K, de Ruijter-Villani M, Smits K, Van Soom A, Vermeesch JR. Parental genomes segregate into distinct blastomeres during multipolar zygotic divisions leading to mixoploid and chimeric blastocysts. Genome Biol 2022; 23:201. [PMID: 36184650 PMCID: PMC9528162 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During normal zygotic division, two haploid parental genomes replicate, unite and segregate into two biparental diploid blastomeres. Results Contrary to this fundamental biological tenet, we demonstrate here that parental genomes can segregate to distinct blastomeres during the zygotic division resulting in haploid or uniparental diploid and polyploid cells, a phenomenon coined heterogoneic division. By mapping the genomic landscape of 82 blastomeres from 25 bovine zygotes, we show that multipolar zygotic division is a tell-tale of whole-genome segregation errors. Based on the haplotypes and live-imaging of zygotic divisions, we demonstrate that various combinations of androgenetic, gynogenetic, diploid, and polyploid blastomeres arise via distinct parental genome segregation errors including the formation of additional paternal, private parental, or tripolar spindles, or by extrusion of paternal genomes. Hence, we provide evidence that private parental spindles, if failing to congress before anaphase, can lead to whole-genome segregation errors. In addition, anuclear blastomeres are common, indicating that cytokinesis can be uncoupled from karyokinesis. Dissociation of blastocyst-stage embryos further demonstrates that whole-genome segregation errors might lead to mixoploid or chimeric development in both human and cow. Yet, following multipolar zygotic division, fewer embryos reach the blastocyst stage and diploidization occurs frequently indicating that alternatively, blastomeres with genome-wide errors resulting from whole-genome segregation errors can be selected against or contribute to embryonic arrest. Conclusions Heterogoneic zygotic division provides an overarching paradigm for the development of mixoploid and chimeric individuals and moles and can be an important cause of embryonic and fetal arrest following natural conception or IVF. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-022-02763-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tine De Coster
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Heleen Masset
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olga Tšuiko
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maaike Catteeuw
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dierckxsens
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ainhoa Larreategui Aparicio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Hubrecht Institute, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eftychia Dimitriadou
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Debrock
- Leuven University Fertility Center, University Hospitals of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Peeraer
- Leuven University Fertility Center, University Hospitals of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta de Ruijter-Villani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Hubrecht Institute, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Woman and Baby, Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Smits
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Joris Robert Vermeesch
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu HY, Kang XJ, Jin L, Zhang PY, Wu H, Tan T, Yu Y, Fan Y. Histone demethylase KDM4A overexpression improved the efficiency of corrected human tripronuclear zygote development. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6143036. [PMID: 33599278 PMCID: PMC7939728 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human zygotes are difficult to obtain for research because of limited resources and ethical debates. Corrected human tripronuclear (ch3PN) zygotes obtained by removal of the extra pronucleus from abnormally fertilized tripronuclear (3PN) zygotes are considered an alternative resource for basic scientific research. In the present study, eight-cell and blastocyst formation efficiency were significantly lower in both 3PN and ch3PN embryos than in normal fertilized (2PN) embryos, while histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) levels were much higher. It was speculated that the aberrant H3K9me3 level detected in ch3PN embryos may be related to low developmental competence. Microinjection of 1000 ng/µl lysine-specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A) mRNA effectively reduced the H3K9me3 level and significantly increased the developmental competence of ch3PN embryos. The quality of ch3PN zygotes improved as the grading criteria, cell number and pluripotent expression significantly increased in response to KDM4A mRNA injection. Developmental genes related to zygotic genome activation (ZGA) were also upregulated. These results indicate that KDM4A activates the transcription of the ZGA program by enhancing the expression of related genes, promoting epigenetic modifications and regulating the developmental potential of ch3PN embryos. The present study will facilitate future studies of ch3PN embryos and could provide additional options for infertile couples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China
| | - Xiang-Jin Kang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China
| | - Long Jin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China
| | - Pu-Yao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Han Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sha Q, Zheng W, Feng X, Yuan R, Hu H, Gong F, Hu L, Lin G, Ou X. Novel mutations in TUBB8 expand the mutational and phenotypic spectrum of patients with zygotes containing multiple pronuclei. Gene 2020; 769:145227. [PMID: 33059025 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
After fertilization, parental chromosomes decondense and form pronuclei. During these processes, germ cell genomes merge and give rise to the zygotic genome. Multiple pronuclei (MPN) formation is usually caused by polyspermic fertilization or oocyte-derived meiotic failure, and account for 15-18% of cytogenetically abnormal cases among spontaneous abortions. However, pathogenic gene mutations responsible for human MPN formation still need to be identified. Tubulin β eight class VIII (TUBB8) is the major β-tubulin isotype that assembles the human oocyte spindle. In this study, we identified 3 novel heterozygous missense mutations (c.524 T > C [p.V175A], c.10_12delins CTT [p.I4L], and c.1045 G > A [p.V349I]) in TUBB8 that were associated with a new phenotype: MPN in zygotes after in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). These mutations were found in 3 independent female patients with infertility, and had experienced 2-3 failed IVF/ICSI attempts due to zygotic developmental arrest. These sites are evolutionarily conserved in primate TUBB8 genes as well as in other human β-tubulin isotypes, suggesting that they have important biochemical functions. This finding reveals previously unreported phenotypes caused by TUBB8 mutations and will be helpful for future genetic counseling of infertile patients with MPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sha
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xie Feng
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruiying Yuan
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Fei Gong
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha 410078, China; Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha 410078, China; Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ge Lin
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA, Changsha 410078, China; Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xianghong Ou
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China; The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang W, Dong J, Chen B, Du J, Kuang Y, Sun X, Fu J, Li B, Mu J, Zhang Z, Zhou Z, Lin Z, Wu L, Yan Z, Mao X, Li Q, He L, Wang L, Sang Q. Homozygous mutations in REC114 cause female infertility characterised by multiple pronuclei formation and early embryonic arrest. J Med Genet 2019; 57:187-194. [PMID: 31704776 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal pronuclear formation during fertilisation and subsequent early embryonic arrest results in female infertility. In recent years, with the prevalence of assisted reproductive technology, a few genes have been identified that are involved in female infertility caused by abnormalities in oocyte development, fertilisation and embryonic development. However, the genetic factors responsible for multiple pronuclei formation during fertilisation and early embryonic arrest remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We aim to identify genetic factors responsible for multiple pronuclei formation during fertilisation or early embryonic arrest. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed in a cohort of 580 patients with abnormal fertilisation and early embryonic arrest. Effects of mutations were investigated in HEK293T cells by western blotting and immunoprecipitation, as well as minigene assay. RESULTS We identified a novel homozygous missense mutation (c.397T>G, p.C133G) and a novel homozygous donor splice-site mutation (c.546+5G>A) in the meiotic gene REC114. REC114 is involved in the formation of double strand breaks (DSBs), which initiate homologous chromosome recombination. We demonstrated that the splice-site mutation affected the normal alternative splicing of REC114, while the missense mutation reduced the protein level of REC114 in vitro and resulted in the loss of its function to protect its partner protein MEI4 from degradation. CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified mutations in REC114 responsible for human multiple pronuclei formation and early embryonic arrest, and these findings expand our knowledge of genetic factors that are responsible for normal human female meiosis and fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Biaobang Chen
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Du
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Kuang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Sun
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Mu
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Lin
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Mao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoli Li
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Zhuhai, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Sang
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Zhuhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gu YF, OuYang Q, Dai C, Lu CF, Lin G, Gong F, Lu GX. Abnormalities in centrosome number in human embryos and embryonic stem cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:392-404. [PMID: 26946049 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Gu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering; School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA; Changsha China
| | - Qi OuYang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering; School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell; Changsha China
| | - Can Dai
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering; School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell; Changsha China
| | - Chang-Fu Lu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering; School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA; Changsha China
| | - Ge Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering; School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA; Changsha China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell; Changsha China
| | - Fei Gong
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering; School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA; Changsha China
| | - Guang-Xiu Lu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering; School of Basic Medical Science; Central South University; Changsha China
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA; Changsha China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell; Changsha China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Destouni A, Zamani Esteki M, Catteeuw M, Tšuiko O, Dimitriadou E, Smits K, Kurg A, Salumets A, Van Soom A, Voet T, Vermeesch JR. Zygotes segregate entire parental genomes in distinct blastomere lineages causing cleavage-stage chimerism and mixoploidy. Genome Res 2016; 26:567-78. [PMID: 27197242 PMCID: PMC4864459 DOI: 10.1101/gr.200527.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dramatic genome dynamics, such as chromosome instability, contribute to the remarkable genomic heterogeneity among the blastomeres comprising a single embryo during human preimplantation development. This heterogeneity, when compatible with life, manifests as constitutional mosaicism, chimerism, and mixoploidy in live-born individuals. Chimerism and mixoploidy are defined by the presence of cell lineages with different parental genomes or different ploidy states in a single individual, respectively. Our knowledge of their mechanistic origin results from indirect observations, often when the cell lineages have been subject to rigorous selective pressure during development. Here, we applied haplarithmisis to infer the haplotypes and the copy number of parental genomes in 116 single blastomeres comprising entire preimplantation bovine embryos (n = 23) following in vitro fertilization. We not only demonstrate that chromosome instability is conserved between bovine and human cleavage embryos, but we also discovered that zygotes can spontaneously segregate entire parental genomes into different cell lineages during the first post-zygotic cleavage division. Parental genome segregation was not exclusively triggered by abnormal fertilizations leading to triploid zygotes, but also normally fertilized zygotes can spontaneously segregate entire parental genomes into different cell lineages during cleavage of the zygote. We coin the term "heterogoneic division" to indicate the events leading to noncanonical zygotic cytokinesis, segregating the parental genomes into distinct cell lineages. Persistence of those cell lines during development is a likely cause of chimerism and mixoploidy in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aspasia Destouni
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Masoud Zamani Esteki
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Maaike Catteeuw
- Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Ghent University, Ghent, 9820, Belgium
| | - Olga Tšuiko
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Tartu University, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Eftychia Dimitriadou
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Katrien Smits
- Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Ghent University, Ghent, 9820, Belgium
| | - Ants Kurg
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Tartu University, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, 50410, Estonia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Ghent University, Ghent, 9820, Belgium
| | - Thierry Voet
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Sanger-EBI Single Cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rungsiwiwut R, Numchaisrika P, Ahnonkitpanit V, Virutamasen P, Pruksananonda K. Triploid human embryonic stem cells derived from tripronuclear zygotes displayed pluripotency and trophoblast differentiation ability similar to the diploid human embryonic stem cells. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:167-76. [PMID: 26821869 PMCID: PMC4848574 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2015-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Because the diploid human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be successfully derived from tripronuclear
zygotes thus, they can serve as an alternative source of derivation of normal karyotype hESC lines. The aim of
the present study was to compare the pluripotency and trophoblast differentiation ability of hESCs derived
from tripronuclear zygotes and diploid hESCs. In the present study, a total of 20 tripronuclear zygotes were
cultured; 8 zygotes developed to the blastocyst stage and 1 hESC line was generated. Unlike the previous
studies, chromosomal correction of tripronuclear zygotes during derivation of hESCs did not occur. The
established line carries 3 sets of chromosomes and showed a numerical aberration. Although the cell line
displayed an abnormal chromosome number, it was found the cell line has been shown to be pluripotent with the
ability to differentiate into 3 embryonic germ layers both in vitro and in
vivo. The expression of X inactive specific transcript (XIST) in mid-passage (passage 42) of
undifferentiated triploid hESCs was detected, indicating X chromosome inactivation of the cell line. Moreover,
when this cell line was induced to differentiate toward the trophoblast lineage, morphological and functional
trophoblast cells were observed, similar to the diploid hESC line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruttachuk Rungsiwiwut
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pronuclear removal of tripronuclear zygotes can establish heteroparental normal karyotypic human embryonic stem cells. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:255-63. [PMID: 26727933 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to derive heteroparental normal karyotypic human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) from microsurgically corrected tripronuclear (3PN) zygotes. METHODS After sequential culture for 5-6 days, embryos developed from microsurgically corrected 3PN zygotes were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes for chromosomes 17, X and Y. Intact 3PN zygotes from clinical in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles were cultured as the control group. The inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocysts that developed from microsurgically corrected 3PN zygotes was used to derive hESC lines, and the stem cell characteristics of these lines were evaluated. G-banding analysis was adopted to identify the karyotype of the hESC line, and the heteroparental inheritance of the hESC line was analyzed by DNA fingerprinting analysis. RESULTS The blastocyst formation rate (13.5 %) of the microsurgically corrected 3PN zygotes was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of intact 3PN zygotes (8.7 %). The diploid rate of the blastocysts (55.0 %) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the arrested cleavage-stage embryos (18.4 %) in microsurgically corrected 3PN zygotes. The triploid rate of the microsurgically corrected 3PN zygotes (5.7 %) was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that of intact 3PN zygotes (19.4 %). Furthermore, we established one heteroparental normal karyotypic hESC line from the microsurgically corrected tripronuclear zygotes. CONCLUSIONS Pronuclear removal can effectively remove the surplus chromosome set of 3PN zygotes. A combination of pronuclear removal and blastocyst culture enables the selection of diploidized blastocysts from which heteroparental normal karyotypic hESC lines can be derived.
Collapse
|
10
|
Grau N, Escrich L, Galiana Y, Meseguer M, García-Herrero S, Remohí J, Escribá MJ. Morphokinetics as a predictor of self-correction to diploidy in tripronucleated intracytoplasmic sperm injection–derived human embryos. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:728-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Joergensen MW, Labouriau R, Hindkjaer J, Stougaard M, Kolevraa S, Bolund L, Agerholm IE, Sunde L. The parental origin correlates with the karyotype of human embryos developing from tripronuclear zygotes. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2015; 42:14-21. [PMID: 25874169 PMCID: PMC4390676 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2015.42.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective It has previously been suggested that embryos developing from intracytoplasmic sperm-injected (ICSI) zygotes with three pronuclei (3PN) are endowed with a mechanism for self-correction of triploidy to diploidy. 3PN are also observed in zygotes after conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF). The parental origin, however, differs between the two fertilization methods. Whereas the vast majority of 3PN IVF zygotes are of dispermic origin and thus more likely to have two centrioles, the 3PN ICSI zygotes are digynic in origin and therefore, more likely to have one centriole. In the present study, we examine whether the parental origin of 3PN embryos correlates with the karyotype. Methods The karyotype of each nucleus was estimated using four sequential fluorescence in situ hybridizations-each with two probes-resulting in quantitative information of 8 different chromosomes. The karyotypes were then compared and correlated to the parental origin. Results 3PN ICSI embryos displayed a significantly larger and more coordinated reduction from the assumed initial 3 sets of chromosomes than 3PN IVF embryos. Conclusion The differences in the parental origin-and hence the number of centrioles-between the 3PN IVF and the 3PN ICSI zygotes are likely to be the cause of the differences in karyotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Warming Joergensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark. ; Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Johnny Hindkjaer
- The Fertility Clinic and Centre for Preimplantation Genetic diagnosis, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Magnus Stougaard
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Kolevraa
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lone Sunde
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. ; Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu J, Chen M, Lin C, Weng X, Meng Z, Tang W. Effect of Early Cumulus Cell Removal on the Fertilization and Clinical Outcome in Human <i>in Vitro</i> Fertilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/arsci.2015.33006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Jin HX, Dai SJ, Song WY, Yao GD, Shi SL, Sun YP. Embryo developmental potential of microsurgically corrected human three-pronuclear zygotes. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2014; 61:96-102. [PMID: 25411094 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2014.986693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We explored the embryo development potential of human three-pronuclear (3PN) zygotes reduced to two-pronuclear (2PN) zygotes (3 → 2PN zygotes) by micropuncture. In this study, there were three groups, the 3 → 2PN group (338 zygotes), the non-corrected 3PN group (381 zygotes), and the normal 2PN group (359 zygotes). The first cleavage mode (2-cell cleavage or 3-cell cleavage), 6-8 cell embryogenesis rate, high-quality embryogenesis rate and Day 5/Day 6 blastulation rate were compared between the three groups. The success rate of enucleation was 92.9%. The 2-cell cleavage rate was significantly higher in the 3 → 2PN group (74.3%) than in the 3PN group (36.4%) (P < 0.05), but had no statistical difference compared with the 2PN group (86.0%) (P > 0.05). The 6-8 cell embryogenesis rate was significantly higher in the 3 → 2PN group (91.1%) as compared to the 2PN group (85.6%) (P < 0.05), but had no statistical difference compared with the 3PN group (95.0%) (P > 0.05). Total blastulation rate was significantly higher in the 2PN group (58.8%) as compared to the 3PN group (21.5%) (P < 0.01), and in the 3 → 2PN group as compared to the 3PN group (5.6%) (P < 0.01). Also D5 blastulation rate was significantly higher in the 2PN group (53.7%) as compared to the 3 → 2PN group (8.9%) (P < 0.01), and in the 3 → 2PN group as compared to the 3PN group (1.9%) (P < 0.01). In 3 → 2PN zygotes, the first cleavage mode is mainly 2 cells which is significantly higher than that in 3PN zygotes. Compared with 3PN zygotes, the embryo developmental potential of 3 → 2PN zygotes is improved, but still is lower than that in 2PN zygotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-xia Jin
- Reproductive Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Joergensen MW, Agerholm I, Hindkjaer J, Bolund L, Sunde L, Ingerslev HJ, Kirkegaard K. Altered cleavage patterns in human tripronuclear embryos and their association to fertilization method: a time-lapse study. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:435-42. [PMID: 24458469 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the cleavage patterns in dipronuclear (2PN) and tripronuclear (3PN) embryos in relation to fertilization method. METHOD Time-lapse analysis. RESULTS Compared to 2PN, more 3PN IVF embryos displayed early cleavage into 3 cells (p < 0.001), displayed longer duration of the 3-cell stage (p < 0.001), and arrested development from the compaction stage and onwards (p < 0.001). For the IVF embryos, the 2nd and 3rd cleavage cycles were completed within the expected time frame. However, timing of the cell divisions within the cleavage cycles differed between the two groups. In contrast, the completion of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd cleavage cycle was delayed, but with a similar division pattern for 3PN ICSI compared with the 2PN ICSI embryos. 3PN, more often than 2PN ICSI embryos, displayed early cleavage into 3 cells (p = 0.03) and arrested development from the compaction stage and onwards (p = 0.001). More 3PN IVF than ICSI embryos displayed early cleavage into 3 cells (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study reports differences in cleavage patterns between 2PN and 3PN embryos and for the first time demonstrates differences in the cleavage pattern between 3PN IVF and ICSI embryos.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mantikou E, van Echten-Arends J, Sikkema-Raddatz B, van der Veen F, Repping S, Mastenbroek S. Temporal and developmental-stage variation in the occurrence of mitotic errors in tripronuclear human preimplantation embryos. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:42. [PMID: 23863408 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.107946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic errors during early development of human preimplantation embryos are common, rendering a large proportion of embryos chromosomally mosaic. It is also known that the percentage of diploid cells in human diploid-aneuploid mosaic embryos is higher at the blastocyst than at the cleavage stage. In this study, we examined whether there is temporal and/or developmental-stage variation in the occurrence of mitotic errors in human preimplantation embryos from the first day of development onward using mitotically stable digynic tripronuclear human embryos as a model system. All the cells of the 114 digynic tripronuclear human preimplantation embryos included were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization for chromosomes 1, 13, 16, 17, 18, 21, X, and Y. Embryos were grouped according to day of development (1-6) and developmental stage (2-cell to blastocyst stage). The possibility of a mitotic error was highest in the first and second mitotic divisions. The percentage of cells with mitotic errors increased during preimplantation development and was highest at the 9-16 cell stage (76%, P = 0.027). Thereafter, the percentage of cells with mitotic errors decreased to 64% at the morula and 56% at the blastocyst stage. The pattern found correlates with the activation of the embryonic genome at the 8-16 cell stage. A better insight in the timing of occurrence of mitotic errors in human preimplantation embryos could help in understanding and prevention of these errors and is relevant in the context of PGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Mantikou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Self-correction in tripronucleated human embryos. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:951-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.07.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
17
|
Xiong S, Han W, Liu JX, Zhang XD, Liu WW, Liu H, Huang GN. Effects of cumulus cells removal after 6 h co-incubation of gametes on the outcomes of human IVF. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:1205-11. [PMID: 21898104 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of cumulus cells removal after 6 h co-incubation of gametes on the fertilization, polyspermy, multinucleation and clinical pregnancy rates in human IVF. METHODS A total of 1,200 IVF-ET cycles undergoing 6 h co-incubation of gametes in 2009 were included in this study. Inclusion criteria were: female age <38 years, first IVF treatment, with bi-ovary and normal ovarian response, e.g., 4 ~ 20 oocytes could be obtained. A 6 h period of co-incubation was applied in all IVF cycles. According to the history of infertility, cumulus cells were mechanically removed either 6 h post-insemination or 20 h post-insemination. For couples with primary infertility, or unexplained infertility, or mild oligospermia or asthenospermia, the cumulus cells were removed at 6 h of insemination for the polar body observation (6 h group, n = 565). Of these, 80 cycles received early rescue ICSI due to fertilization failure or low fertilization rate at 6 h of insemination. For couples with secondary infertility and normal semen analysis, the cumulus cells were removed at 20 h of insemination as routine (20 h group, n = 635). Of these, three cycles received late rescue ICSI due to fertilization failure at 20 h of insemination. Normal fertilization, polyspermy (≥3PN), multinucleation and clinical pregnancy rates were compared between the two groups (rescue ICSI cycles were not included in the comparison in both groups). RESULTS Significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the groups regarding polyspermy rates (7.48% in 6 h group and 9.22% in 20 h group). No difference was observed between the groups regarding normal fertilization rates (2PN rate) (64.89% in 6 h group and 65.74% in 20 h group). No difference was observed between the groups regarding multinucleation and clinical pregnancy rates (11.01% and 65.15% in 6 h group, 10.75% and 66.93% in 20 h group, respectively). The clinical pregnancy rate was 51.43% in cycles receiving early rescue ICSI, while no clinical pregnancy was obtained in cycles receiving late rescue ICSI. CONCLUSION The present results indicate that cumulus cells removal at 6 h of insemination is a relatively safe operation, which yielded comparable normal fertilization rate, multinucleation and clinical pregnancy rates compared with 20 h group. This protocol may be beneficial for early obsevation of fertilization failure and make early rescue ICSI possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Xiong
- Chong Qing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 64 Jing Tang ST, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim YJ, Ku SY, Jee BC, Suh CS, Kim SH, Choi YM, Kim JG, Moon SY. Tri-pronucleated zygotes may occur less frequently in luteinizing hormone activity-added cycles. Gynecol Endocrinol 2011; 27:458-63. [PMID: 20642378 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2010.501878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to evaluate the association between adding luteinizing hormone (LH) activity and the incidence of tripronuclear (3PN) zygotes occurrence. METHODS The incidence of 3PN and cycle outcomes was compared between recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH)-only and rFSH with exogenous LH activity groups. These comparisons were performed in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRHa, n = 196) and gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist (GnRHant, n = 182) subgroups, and in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) (n = 243) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (n = 135) cycles, respectively. RESULTS The percentage of 3PN was significantly lower in LH activity-added group compared to rFSH-only group (3.6% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.029). Both in GnRHa and GnRHant subgroups, this incidence tended to be lower in LH-supplemented group, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. In IVF cycles, LH activity-added group showed a lower 3PN rate versus rFSH-only group (4.0% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.018). No difference of 3PN rate was found in ICSI cycles. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of exogenous LH activity to ovarian stimulation may be associated with lower prevalence of 3PN zygotes in IVF cycles, but not in ICSI cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim YJ, Ku SY, Jee BC, Suh CS, Kim SH, Choi YM, Kim JG, Moon SY. Increased responsiveness may be associated with tripronuclear embryos in both conventional in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist long protocols: a self-matched observational study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2010; 37:37-44. [PMID: 21040208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In this self-matched observational study, the factors associated with the presence of tripronuclear (3PN) embryos, in conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist long protocols, were investigated. MATERIAL & METHODS Clinical parameters were analyzed in 202 consecutive IVF-IVF or ICSI-ICSI matched cycles. The differences between the former and latter cycles were evaluated and compared according to the presence of 3PN embryos: group A [3PN (-) followed by 3PN (-)]; group B [3PN (-) followed by 3PN (+)]; group C [3PN (+) followed by 3PN (-)]; group D [3PN (+) followed by 3PN (+)]. RESULTS For the IVF-IVF cycles, the E(2) on human chorionic gonadotropin injection day and the number of retrieved oocytes were increased in the 3PN (+) cycles compared to the 3PN (-) cycles of Groups B (2165.2 ± 1423.3 pg/mL vs 1468.2 ± 796.2 pg/mL, P=0.016; 10.4 ± 9.1 vs 7.2 ± 5.7, P=0.010) and C (2382.7 ± 1214.5 pg/mL vs 1553.0 ± 1119.6 pg/mL, P = 0.004; 13.1 ± 9.1 vs 9.1 ± 7.0, P < 0.001), while these outcome variables did not differ when the former and latter cycles in Groups A and D were compared. These trends were observed in the ICSI-ICSI cycles. CONCLUSIONS An increased responsiveness, based on the higher E(2) and greater number of retrieved oocytes, may be associated with the presence of 3PN in both conventional IVF and ICSI cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gu YF, Lin G, Lu CF, Lu GX. Analysis of the first mitotic spindles in human in vitro fertilized tripronuclear zygotes after pronuclear removal. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 19:745-54. [PMID: 20021725 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tripronuclear zygotes (3PN) occur in about 5% of cases in human IVF programmes. Human 3PN zygotes derived from a conventional IVF programme may contain not only the extra male pronucleus but also a supplementary centriole. Researchers have tried to restore diploidy by removing the extra male pronucleus of the tripronuclear zygote. However, it is still unknown whether the procedure can remove the supernumerary centriole. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of this manipulation by analysing the first mitotic spindles of 3PN zygotes that have undergone extra pronuclear removal. A controlled trial was conducted using human 3PN zygotes from conventional IVF treatment. In the experimental group, the assumed extra male pronuclei in the 3PN zygotes were removed. The first cleavage patterns and in vitro development were observed in both groups; polarized light microscopy and immunocytochemistry were used to analyse the first mitotic spindles. The blastocyst formation rate was significantly higher (P = 0.007) in the pronuclear-removed group (16.0%) than in the control group (4.5%). No significant differences were found between the groups in the first cleavage patterns and the distributions of the first mitotic spindle structure. This study suggests that, after extra pronuclei are removed, the developmental potential of human 3PN zygotes is improved. However, the abnormal patterns in the first mitosis are not corrected by this removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Gu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rosenbusch BE. Selective microsurgical removal of a pronucleus from tripronuclear human oocytes to restore diploidy: disregarded but valuable? Fertil Steril 2009; 92:897-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
22
|
Mechanisms giving rise to triploid zygotes during assisted reproduction. Fertil Steril 2007; 90:49-55. [PMID: 17953968 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review information on the origin of triploid zygotes as gathered from assisted reproduction techniques. DESIGN Identification of relevant literature by a MEDLINE search and own experience on the basis of cytogenetic studies of abnormally fertilized oocytes. SETTING None. PATIENT(S) None. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) None. RESULT(S) Penetration of two haploid spermatozoa or of a single diploid spermatozoon into the oocyte causes diandric triploidy. The first case can be discerned by formation of a total of three pronuclei, whereas the second process will remain undetected, because it involves a female and a single but diploid male pronucleus. Digynic triploidy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection is characterized by nonextrusion of the second polar body and formation of three pronuclei. Digyny can also result from the fertilization of diploid giant oocytes. Depending on how maturation of these gametes proceeds, three or only two pronuclei will be observed. Thus, the size of the pronuclear stage must be considered for a successful identification of the abnormality. Endoreduplication within the female pronucleus is not detectable and may represent another, albeit rare, origin of digynic triploidy. CONCLUSION(S) Routine inspection of the number of pronuclei is not an absolutely reliable tool for excluding the development of triploid embryos. Observations during assisted reproduction may yield valuable information on the origin of triploidy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Conventional practice in in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection is to select the best quality embryos based on their morphology and cleavage status from a cohort of fertilized oocytes in which two pronuclei were observed at the time they were checked for fertilization. However, in a small proportion of cycles, the selection is limited to embryos that appeared to be either unfertilized (displaying zero pronuclei) or abnormally fertilized (displaying one or three pronuclei) at the time they were checked for fertilization. There is a lack of consensus on whether such embryos should be transferred to the uterus. Cytogenetic analysis of embryos from oocytes with one pronucleus has shown a proportion is diploid. Transfer of such embryos has resulted in healthy births. Limited cytogenetic analysis of oocytes that divide despite the absence of pronuclei at fertilization check indicates that a proportion also have a normal cytogenetic constitution. Cytogenetic analysis of embryos from oocytes with three pronuclei has shown high rates of triploidy and chaotic cell divisions. Subsequent foetuses have extremely unfavourable outcomes. Here, we review the published literature on the cytogenetic analysis of 'unfertilized' and 'abnormally fertilized' embryos and discuss possible pathways which lead to their formation. The limited evidence indicates that oocytes with one pronucleus and oocytes that show normal onward division despite the absence of pronuclei may be considered for replacement in certain circumstances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Feenan
- Newcastle Fertility Centre, Bioscience Centre, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Robinson WP, Lauzon JL, Innes AM, Lim K, Arsovska S, McFadden DE. Origin and outcome of pregnancies affected by androgenetic/biparental chimerism. Hum Reprod 2006; 22:1114-22. [PMID: 17185351 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenetic diploid cells confined to the placenta have recently been reported in several cases of normally developed fetuses in association with placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD). METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated two singleton, mildly growth-restricted, female pregnancies ascertained on the basis of PMD. One case had liver hemangiomas and both infants had multiple skin hemangiomas. Post-natal development was normal. Molecular marker analysis confirmed the diagnosis of androgenetic and normal mixed cell populations in the placenta. Both cases derived from a single maternal genome (M1) and two distinct paternal genomes (P1 and P2). In one case, the androgenetic cell population contained both paternal genomes (P1P2), with one shared in common with the biparental (M1P1) population. In the second case, the androgenetic lineage showed complete homozygosity (P2P2) for a paternal genome not common to the biparental cell population. CONCLUSION These new PMD cases help to define the range of possible clinical presentations of androgenetic/biparental mosaicism or chimerism. Placentas with androgenetic/biparental chimeric cell populations may derive from a single tri-pronuclear (3PN) zygote in which one or more parental genomes are not equally apportioned to the daughter cells in the first cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy P Robinson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu SL, Lee RKK, Su JT, Chih YF, Tsai YC, Lin MH, Hwu YM. Distinction Between Paternal and Maternal Contributions to the Tripronucleus in Human Zygotes Obtained after In Vitro Fertilization. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 45:313-6. [PMID: 17175488 DOI: 10.1016/s1028-4559(09)60249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the genetic composition of tripronuclear (3PN) zygotes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to quantify the sperm tails in human 3PN zygotes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovarian hyperstimulation was performed using a standard long protocol consisting of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) with human menopausal gonadotropins (HMG) and/or recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was administered when at least two leading follicles reached 18 mm in mean diameter. Oocytes were retrieved from the follicles transvaginally under ultrasound guidance 34-36 hours after administration of hCG. The oocytes were examined 16-18 hours after fertilization for the presence and number of pronuclei. The 3PN zygotes were then fixed and extracted in buffer at 37 degrees C for 60 minutes. After washing in a blocking solution, the 3PN zygotes were prepared for indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibody and Hoechst dye 33342 to visualize the number of pronuclei. RESULTS Twenty-one 3PN zygotes were randomly collected for evaluation. The number of 3PN zygotes containing one, two or four sperm tails were two (10%), 18 (85%) and one (5%), respectively. CONCLUSION Based on our observations, additional pronuclei are mainly of paternal origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- San-Li Yu
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The finding of a mixture of 46,XX and 46,XY cells in an individual has been rarely reported in literature. It usually results in individuals with ambiguous genitalia. Approximately 10% of true human hermaphrodites show this type of karyotype. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. It may be the result of mosaicism or chimerism. By definition, a chimera is produced by the fusion of two different zygotes in a single embryo, while a mosaic contains genetically different cells issued from a single zygote. Several mechanisms are involved in the production of chimera. Stricto sensu, chimerism occurs from the post-zygotic fusion of two distinct embryos leading to a tetragametic chimera. In addition, there are other entities, which are also referred to as chimera: parthenogenetic chimera and chimera resulting from fertilization of the second polar body. Furthermore, a particular type of chimera called 'androgenetic chimera' recently described in fetuses with placental mesenchymal dysplasia and in rare patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is discussed. Strategies to study mechanisms leading to the production of chimera and mosaics are also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Malan
- Service de Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, René Descartes-Paris 5 University, Paris, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu J, Zheng XZ, Baramki TA, Yazigi RA, Compton G, Katz E. Ultrarapid detection of sex chromosomes with the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization with direct label DNA probes in single human blastomeres, spermatozoa, amniocytes, and lymphocytes. Fertil Steril 1998; 70:927-32. [PMID: 9806578 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the ultrarapid fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure with a 1-minute hybridization time for gender determination. DESIGN Fluorescence in situ hybridization with direct label fluorescence DNA probes for chromosomes X and Y were tested with the use of different hybridization times and different cell types. SETTING Hospital-based IVF program. INTERVENTION(S) The efficiency of the FISH procedure with different hybridization times was compared with the use of male lymphocytes. The same FISH procedure, but with only 1-minute hybridization, was carried out in human blastomeres, spermatozoa, uncultured amniocytes, male lymphocytes, and female lymphocytes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Percentages of nuclei with positive signals. RESULT(S) The percentages of nuclei with positive signals in lymphocytes with hybridization times of 1, 3, 4, 10, 30, and 45 minutes were 97%, 97%, 98%, 98%, 98%, and 98%, respectively. The percentages of nuclei with positive signals after FISH with a 1-minute hybridization time in single blastomeres, spermatozoa, amniocytes, male lymphocytes, and female lymphocytes were 94%, 96%, 96%, 98%, and 97%, respectively. CONCLUSION(S) Chromosomes X and Y of human blastomeres. spermatozoa, uncultured amniocytes, and lymphocytes can be detected rapidly with the use of this ultrarapid FISH procedure with a 1-minute hybridization time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- The Greater Baltimore Medical Center Fertility Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Maryland 21204, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fujino Y, Ozaki K, Nakamura Y, Sun TT, Ueda K, Ozaki A, Ito F, Ogita S. Clinical application of a new stain to detect acrosome-reacted sperm for predicting polyspermic fertilization in IVF-ET. ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY 1997; 39:25-31. [PMID: 9202830 DOI: 10.3109/01485019708987898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Blutstan staining of human spermatozoa for predicting the spermatozoa capacity of fertilization in human IVF. Blutstan, a prestained glass slide coated with dyes, is able to identify activated sperm quickly and easily. Acrosomal reactivity of spermatozoa was evaluated with this slide glass at the insemination of IVF of 30 couples. There was significant correlation between the Blutstan reactivity and the fertilization rate (r = .52, p < .01). Furthermore, spermatozoa with high Blutstan reactivity were fertilized oocytes polyspermy. This method was rapid, simple, and useful for detecting activated sperm and predicting for the polyspermic fertilization in clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Fujino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ma S, Kalousek DK, Yuen BH, Moon YS. Investigation of effects of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on the chromosomal complement of CD-1 mouse embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 1997; 14:162-9. [PMID: 9090560 PMCID: PMC3454672 DOI: 10.1007/bf02766134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to examine the effect of superovulatory doses of gonadotropins on the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities of mouse embryos. METHODS Chromosome analysis of 8- to 16-cell stage mouse embryos and zygotes was performed by a cytogenetic method. RESULTS There was no significant effect of the pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) dose on the level of aneuploidy and structural abnormalities from 8- to 16-cell-stage embryos among superovulated groups. However, a simple dose-response relationship between the PMSG dose and the incidence of polyploidy was observed, with the level of polyploidy rising from 2.9% with 10 i.u. PMSG to 10.5% with 15 i.u. PMSG. In zygote stage, the proportion of polyploid embryos also increased as the dose increased, from 1.9% in 5 i.u. to 6.7% in 15 i.u. PMSG. It was observed that the extra chromosomal set in polyploidy embryos originated by both fertilization of a diploid oocyte and dispermy. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a dose-response relationship between the PMSG dose and the incidence of polyploidy in the CD-1 mouse. Both a disturbance at maturation division and an error at fertilization were the cause of polyploidy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Geraedts JP. Cytogenetics of gametes, zygotes and early pregnancy. Placenta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(97)80078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
31
|
Bergere M, Selva J, Baud M, Volante M, Martin B, Hugues JN, Olivennes F, Frydman R, Auroux M. Chromosome 18 analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in human blastomeres of abnormal embryos after in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempt. Prenat Diagn 1995; 15:835-41. [PMID: 8559754 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1970150908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a chromosome 18-specific probe on human abnormal cleaved embryos, fertilized either by two spermatozoa and exhibiting three pronuclei (3 PN) or normally fertilized and exhibiting two pronuclei (2 PN) with subsequent severe fragmentation and/or blocking. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of chromosome 18 anomalies among these embryos in order to evaluate the FISH efficiency on such material and to obtain more precise and complete data than those obtained with classical cytogenetic analysis. For the 3 PN cleaved embryos, FISH confirmed the frequent regulation towards diploidy (25 per cent) and the high frequency of mosaics (53 per cent). For the 2 PN blocked or damaged embryos, FISH permitted chromosome evaluation, which was otherwise impossible with classical cytogenetic techniques: we also found a high mosaic frequency (45 per cent) with these embryos. If this frequency were the same for normally developing embryos, it would be a major obstacle to the reliability of either chromosomal or genetic preimplantation diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bergere
- IVF Laboratory, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rosenbusch BE. Cytogenetics of human spermatozoa: what about the reproductive relevance of structural chromosome aberrations? J Assist Reprod Genet 1995; 12:375-83. [PMID: 8589558 DOI: 10.1007/bf02215729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose was to review and appreciate data on structural sperm chromosome abnormalities obtained after fusion of human spermatozoa with zona-free hamster eggs. RESULTS Breaks and fragments are the predominant sperm chromosome aberrations. In contrast to stable alterations, e.g., translocations, inversions, and deletions that will be transmitted unchanged into following cell generations, breaks, fragments, and some rearrangements have a reduced stability. In proliferating cell systems they will soon be eliminated through formation of lagging chromatin and micronuclei. Their relevance lies in a loss of genetic material or disturbance of cell division that may cause cell death. It is reasonable to assume a responsibility of such aberrations for early unrecognized conception loss. However, this interpretation is subject to criticism because an artifactual origin of sperm chromosome breakage cannot be ruled out. CONCLUSIONS The incidence and relevance of structural sperm chromosome abnormalities will remain at issue unless additional and complementary information is provided. For this purpose, new strategies must be developed because further studies employing hamster eggs according to existing protocols will not help resolve the dilemma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B E Rosenbusch
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ma S, Kalousek DK, Yuen BH, Moon YS. The chromosome pattern of embryos derived from tripronuclear zygotes studied by cytogenetic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization**Presented at the Conjoint Meeting of The American Fertility Society and the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, October 11 to 14, 1993.††Supported by grant 83–1069 from the British Columbia Health Care Research Foundation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Fertil Steril 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)57605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
34
|
Cohen J, Levron J, Palermo G, Munné S, Adler A, Alikani M, Schattman G, Sultan K, Willadsen S. Atypical activation and fertilization patterns in humans. Theriogenology 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(94)00019-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
35
|
Cohen J, Alikani M, Liu HC, Rosenwaks Z. Rescue of human embryos by micromanipulation. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1994; 8:95-116. [PMID: 8055678 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3552(05)80026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This chapter evaluates clinical micromanipulation techniques aimed at rescuing abnormally developing zygotes and cleaved embryos. First, the possibility of reversing dispermic zygotes to a normal biparental diploid state was evaluated by extracting the distal pronucleus (that furthest from the polar body). The ratio of X:Y was determined in both groups of embryos by assessing a minimum of two blastomeres using duplex PCR or multiple colour FISH. The ratio of embryos containing only an X chromosome and those with X as well as Y chromosomes in the intact dispermic zygotes was 1.0:2.6, which is similar to the theoretical ratio of 1:3. This ratio was 1.0:1.5 in dispermic zygotes from which the distal pronuclei were removed. Although the ratio of X:Y was altered following removal of distal pronuclei, suggesting frequent targeting of male pronuclei, accidental removal of the female pronucleus could not be excluded. In a second set of mouse experiments, it was shown that the hatching process of embryos that develop with excessive amounts of degenerate material is adversely affected. It was shown that removal of such extracellular material by micromanipulation potentially reverted the hatching process. It was also indicated that immediate removal of the degenerate tissue was more beneficial than that following prolonged co-culture. Assisted hatching is probably the most frequently applied clinical embryo micromanipulation procedure. The outcome of assisted hatching is dependent largely on the mode by which the zona pellucida is breached, the size of the artificial gap and the thickness of the zona pellucida. Embryos with zonae thicker than 17 microns rarely implant. Zona drilling could be detrimental in embryos with thin zonae (< 12 microns). Superficial zona thinning has not enhanced implantation. These observations led to a routine procedure called selective assisted hatching, which involves measuring the zonae before zona drilling and replacement on day 3 of development. This appears to be most successful in older women and those with elevated basal FSH levels. Selective assisted hatching is routinely applied in consenting patients whose embryos have thick zonae, slow development or excessive fragmentation (> 20%). Zona drilling of all embryos, regardless of zona thickness, is being performed in patients aged over 40 years and in those with repeated failures or elevated basal FSH levels. Results in the first group of more than 900 patients indicate that nearly one-quarter of human embryos have the ability to implant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, New York Hospital-Cornell University Medical Center, NY 10021
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tang YX, Munné S, Reing A, Schattman G, Grifo J, Cohen J. The parental origin of the distal pronucleus in dispermic human zygotes. ZYGOTE 1994; 2:79-85. [PMID: 7881920 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199400001799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the parental origin of the pronucleus furthest from the second polar body (the distal pronucleus) in dispermic human zygotes. Intact dispermic embryos (n = 53) and those from which the distal pronucleus (n = 50) was removed at the zygote stage were biopsied after cleavage. Blastomeres were sexed using either coamplification of X and Y probes using a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or simultaneous fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with directly fluorochrome-labelled probes for chromosomes X, Y and 18. The ratio X/Y was determined in both groups of embryos by assessing a minimum of two blastomeres. If the pronuclei in dispermic zygotes are topographically in a fixed position, the X/Y ratio should change from 1:3 in dispermic embryos to 1:1 in enucleated ones. The ratio of embryos containing only an X chromosome and those with X as well as Y chromosomes in the intact dispermic zygotes was 1.0:2.3 which is similar to the theoretical ratio of 1:3. This ratio was 1.0:1.3 in dispermic zygotes from which the distal pronuclei were removed. This ratio is not significantly different from the 1:1 ratio based on a statistical analysis with a sample size of 50. These sex ratios would have been considered different if more than 200 enucleations had been performed. Although the ratio X/Y was altered following removal of distal pronuclei, suggesting frequent targeting of male pronuclei, accidental removal of the female pronucleus could not be excluded. This indicates that enucleation of dispermic zygotes could produce high yields of gynogenetic and androgenetic embryos for research purposes. Clinical application aimed at producing biparental zygotes may be hazardous, since mosaicism was common among enucleated embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y X Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
McFadden DE, Kwong LC, Yam IY, Langlois S. Parental origin of triploidy in human fetuses: evidence for genomic imprinting. Hum Genet 1993; 92:465-9. [PMID: 7902318 DOI: 10.1007/bf00216452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Two distinct phenotypes of triploid fetuses have been previously described and a correlation with parental origin of the triploidy has been suggested. We have studied the parental origin of the extra haploid set of chromosomes in nine triploid fetuses using analysis of DNA polymorphisms at a variety of loci. Maternal origin of the triploidy (digyny) was demonstrated in six fetuses with type II phenotype, paternal origin (diandry) in two cases with type I phenotype, and nonpaternity in one case. The predominance of digynic triploids in our study contrasts with the results reported in previous studies in which, through analysis of cytogenetic polymorphisms, paternal origin was found to account for the majority of triploid conceptuses. This difference may be accounted for by a combination of factors--the different methods of parental assignment used and analysis of a different subset of triploid conceptuses. The correlation between the observed phenotypes and the parental origin of triploidy may represent another example of imprinting in human development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D E McFadden
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nachum H, Golan A, Herman A, Bukovsky I, Caspi E, Ron-El R. Cytogenetic analysis of the oocyte and embryo after removal of the zona pellucida following failed fertilization. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1993; 51:149-55. [PMID: 8119461 DOI: 10.1016/0028-2243(93)90027-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis of the oocyte and embryo after removal of the zona pellucida provides a simple screening method for examining the oocyte and embryo and considering the morphological abnormalities of the zona and adjacent formations, cytoplasm and nucleus. Seventy-one unfertilized oocytes and 27 embryos with poor morphology or cleavage arrest were studied after fixation, staining and mechanical removal of the zona. Fixation was done with a glutaraldehyde solution (1%). The oocytes and embryos were then stained, causing weakening of the zona. A slight pressure on the cover slide led to rupture of the zona and the exposure of the oolema. The oocytes and embryos were analyzed for sperm attachment to and penetration through the zona, appearance of the polar bodies, differentiation of blastomeres from cytoplasmic fragments, nuclear status--pyknotic non-analyzable form, chromosomes or different degenerative appearances of DNA. Peeling of the zona is an easy and reliable screening technique needing only an ordinary light microscope. It provides the advantage of observing the whole structure of the oocyte-embryo, not just the chromosomes as in classical cytogenetic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Nachum
- Dept. Ob/Gyn, Assaf Harofe Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Macas E, Rosselli M, Imthurn B, Keller PJ. Chromosomal constitution of mouse blastocysts derived from oocytes inseminated by multiple sperm insertion into the perivitelline space. J Assist Reprod Genet 1993; 10:468-75. [PMID: 8069088 DOI: 10.1007/bf01212935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our purpose was to evaluate the rate of chromosomal aberrations in mouse blastocysts obtained after microinjection of multiple spermatozoa under the zona pellucida of mature oocytes. Without detecting the appearance of pronuclei, the microinjected mouse oocytes containing two polar bodies were cultivated to the blastocyst stage and then analyzed cytogenetically. RESULTS A chromosome study was carried out in a total of 109 blastocysts derived after microinjection of motile spermatozoa into the perivitelline space. Fifty-five blastocysts (50.5%) exhibited normal diploid chromosome complements, 30 (27.5%) showed different forms of mosaicism, and 24 (22%) exhibited haploidy caused by parthenogenetic activation. Compared to in vivo and in vitro control groups there was a significant increase in the parthenogenesis and mosaic forms of embryos produced by micromanipulation (P < 0.001). A total of 360 well-spread metaphases of 103 blastocysts was analyzed to determine whether the micromanipulation procedure increased the chance of aneuploidy. Aneuploid numbers of chromosomes were absent in all the metaphases analyzed. CONCLUSION Mosaicism and parthenogenesis appear to be increased significantly following microinjection of multiple spermatozoa under the zona pellucida of mouse oocytes, and there was no evidence of aneuploidy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Macas
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|