1
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Baum M, Dobler S. Fecal Deployment: An Alternative Way of Defensive Host Plant Cardenolide Use by Lilioceris merdigera Larvae. J Chem Ecol 2024; 50:63-70. [PMID: 38062246 PMCID: PMC10991028 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The brilliant red Lilioceris merdigera (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) can spend its entire life cycle on the cardenolide-containing plant Convallaria majalis (lily of the valley) and forms stable populations on this host. Yet, in contrast to many other insects on cardenolide-containing plants L. merdigera does not sequester these plant toxins in the body but rather both adult beetles and larvae eliminate ingested cardenolides with the feces. Tracer feeding experiments showed that this holds true for radioactively labeled ouabain and digoxin, a highly polar and a rather apolar cardenolide. Both compounds or their derivatives are incorporated in the fecal shields of the larvae. The apolar digoxin, but not the polar ouabain, showed a deterrent effect on the generalist predatory ant Myrmica rubra, which occurs in the habitat of L. merdigera. The deterrent effect was detected for digoxin both in choice and feeding time assays. In a predator choice assay, a fecal shield derived from a diet of cardenolide-containing C. majalis offered L. merdigera larvae better protection from M. rubra than one derived from non-cardenolide Allium schoenoprasum (chives) or no fecal shield at all. Thus, we here present data suggesting a new way how insects may gain protection by feeding on cardenolide-containing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Baum
- Molecular Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- Chemistry Education Department, IPN, Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education, Olshausenstraße 62, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Susanne Dobler
- Molecular Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Zoology, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Mach BM, Long W, Daniels JC, Dale AG. Aphid infestations reduce monarch butterfly colonization, herbivory, and growth on ornamental milkweed. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288407. [PMID: 37494406 PMCID: PMC10370756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic disturbance is driving global biodiversity loss, including the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), a dietary specialist of milkweed. In response, ornamental milkweed plantings are increasingly common in urbanized landscapes, and recent evidence indicates they have conservation value for monarch butterflies. Unfortunately, sap-feeding insect herbivores, including the oleander aphid (Aphis nerii), frequently reach high densities on plants in nursery settings and urbanized landscapes. Aphid-infested milkweed may inhibit monarch conservation efforts by reducing host plant quality and inducing plant defenses. To test this, we evaluated the effects of oleander aphid infestation on monarch oviposition, larval performance, and plant traits using tropical milkweed (Asclepias curassavica), the most common commercially available milkweed species in the southern U.S. We quantified monarch oviposition preference, larval herbivory, larval weight, and plant characteristics on aphid-free and aphid-infested milkweed. Monarch butterflies deposited three times more eggs on aphid-free versus aphid-infested milkweed. Similarly, larvae fed aphid-free milkweed consumed and weighed twice as much as larvae fed aphid-infested milkweed. Aphid-free milkweed had higher total dry leaf biomass and nitrogen content than aphid-infested milkweed. Our results indicate that oleander aphid infestations can have indirect negative impacts on urban monarch conservation efforts and highlight the need for effective Lepidoptera-friendly integrated pest management tactics for ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette M. Mach
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - William Long
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Jaret C. Daniels
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Adam G. Dale
- Entomology and Nematology Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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3
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Two cardenolide glycosides from the seed fairs of Asclepias curassavica and their cytotoxic activities. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:202-209. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Cardenolides, toxicity, and the costs of sequestration in the coevolutionary interaction between monarchs and milkweeds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024463118. [PMID: 33850021 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024463118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For highly specialized insect herbivores, plant chemical defenses are often co-opted as cues for oviposition and sequestration. In such interactions, can plants evolve novel defenses, pushing herbivores to trade off benefits of specialization with costs of coping with toxins? We tested how variation in milkweed toxins (cardenolides) impacted monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) growth, sequestration, and oviposition when consuming tropical milkweed (Asclepias curassavica), one of two critical host plants worldwide. The most abundant leaf toxin, highly apolar and thiazolidine ring-containing voruscharin, accounted for 40% of leaf cardenolides, negatively predicted caterpillar growth, and was not sequestered. Using whole plants and purified voruscharin, we show that monarch caterpillars convert voruscharin to calotropin and calactin in vivo, imposing a burden on growth. As shown by in vitro experiments, this conversion is facilitated by temperature and alkaline pH. We next employed toxin-target site experiments with isolated cardenolides and the monarch's neural Na+/K+-ATPase, revealing that voruscharin is highly inhibitory compared with several standards and sequestered cardenolides. The monarch's typical >50-fold enhanced resistance to cardenolides compared with sensitive animals was absent for voruscharin, suggesting highly specific plant defense. Finally, oviposition was greatest on intermediate cardenolide plants, supporting the notion of a trade-off between benefits and costs of sequestration for this highly specialized herbivore. There is apparently ample opportunity for continued coevolution between monarchs and milkweeds, although the diffuse nature of the interaction, due to migration and interaction with multiple milkweeds, may limit the ability of monarchs to counteradapt.
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Abbas K, Zaib MS, Zakria M, Hani UE, Zaka SM, Ane MNU. Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) as a potential biocontrol agent for aphids based on age-stage, two-sex life table. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228367. [PMID: 32976485 PMCID: PMC7518597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zigzag ladybird beetle, Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a biological control agent that feeds on a variety of aphid species. Life table and predation data of C. sexmaculata were collected under laboratory conditions at 25±2⁰C, 60±5% RH and L14: D10 h in connection with feeding on four different aphid species; Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis nerii (Boyer de Fonscolombe) and Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko). Larval development of C. sexmaculata was long when fed on M. persicae (12.18 days) and shorter on D. noxia (10.64 days). The male’s lifespan was longer on M. persicae (26.70 days) and shorter on L. erysimi (23.67 days). Fecundity was maximum when the beetle was fed D. noxia (316.8 eggs/female) and minimum on M. persicae (199.1 eggs/female). Net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase were highest on D. noxia with values of 158.4 (offspring individual-1), 0.22 d-1, and 1.24 d-1, respectively whereas the respective parameters were lowest on L. erysimi (99.5 offspring individual-1, 0.19 d-1, and 1.20 d-1, respectively). However, the mean of the generation (T) was shorter on A. nerii (22.48 d-1) and longer on M. persicae (24.68 d-1). Based on life table parameters obtained under laboratory conditions, the most appropriate host of C. sexmaculata was D. noxia. This study should help us to improve mass rearing and use of C. sexmaculata in the biological control of aphids on field and horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Abbas
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shah Zaib
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zakria
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Umm-e Hani
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Zaka
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Muhammad Noor-ul Ane
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Agricultural science & technology research institute, ANU, Andong, Korea
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6
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Decker LE, Soule AJ, de Roode JC, Hunter MD. Phytochemical changes in milkweed induced by elevated CO
2
alter wing morphology but not toxin sequestration in monarch butterflies. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E. Decker
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Abrianna J. Soule
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Department of Biology University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah
| | | | - Mark D. Hunter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
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7
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Meier AR, Hunter MD. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediate herbivore-induction of plant defenses differently above and belowground. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Meier
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-1048 USA
| | - Mark D. Hunter
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-1048 USA
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8
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Züst T, Mou S, Agrawal AA. What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger: The burdens and benefits of toxin sequestration in a milkweed aphid. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Züst
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Sophie Mou
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York
| | - Anurag A. Agrawal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York
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9
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Tena A, Senft M, Desneux N, Dregni J, Heimpel GE. The influence of aphid-produced honeydew on parasitoid fitness and nutritional state: A comparative study. Basic Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Meier AR, Hunter MD. Mycorrhizae Alter Toxin Sequestration and Performance of Two Specialist Herbivores. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Birnbaum SSL, Rinker DC, Gerardo NM, Abbot P. Transcriptional profile and differential fitness in a specialist milkweed insect across host plants varying in toxicity. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6742-6761. [PMID: 29110382 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and herbivorous insects have been models for theories of specialization and co-evolution for over a century. Phytochemicals govern many aspects of these interactions and have fostered the evolution of adaptations by insects to tolerate or even specialize on plant defensive chemistry. While genomic approaches are providing new insights into the genes and mechanisms insect specialists employ to tolerate plant secondary metabolites, open questions remain about the evolution and conservation of insect counterdefences, how insects respond to the diversity defences mounted by their host plants, and the costs and benefits of resistance and tolerance to plant defences in natural ecological communities. Using a milkweed-specialist aphid (Aphis nerii) model, we test the effects of host plant species with increased toxicity, likely driven primarily by increased secondary metabolites, on aphid life history traits and whole-body gene expression. We show that more toxic plant species have a negative effect on aphid development and lifetime fecundity. When feeding on more toxic host plants with higher levels of secondary metabolites, aphids regulate a narrow, targeted set of genes, including those involved in canonical detoxification processes (e.g., cytochrome P450s, hydrolases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and ABC transporters). These results indicate that A. nerii marshal a variety of metabolic detoxification mechanisms to circumvent milkweed toxicity and facilitate host plant specialization, yet, despite these detoxification mechanisms, aphids experience reduced fitness when feeding on more toxic host plants. Disentangling how specialist insects respond to challenging host plants is a pivotal step in understanding the evolution of specialized diet breadths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David C Rinker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nicole M Gerardo
- Department of Biology, O. Wayne Rollins Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patrick Abbot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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12
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Rafter JL, Vendettuoli JF, Gonda-King L, Niesen D, Seeram NP, Rigsby CM, Preisser EL. Pretty Picky for a Generalist: Impacts of Toxicity and Nutritional Quality on Mantid Prey Processing. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:626-632. [PMID: 28334410 PMCID: PMC7263701 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Prey have evolved a number of defenses against predation, and predators have developed means of countering these protective measures. Although caterpillars of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus L., are defended by cardenolides sequestered from their host plants, the Chinese mantid Tenodera sinensis Saussure guts the caterpillar before consuming the rest of the body. We hypothesized that this gutting behavior might be driven by the heterogeneous quality of prey tissue with respect to toxicity and/or nutrients. We conducted behavioral trials in which mantids were offered cardenolide-containing and cardenolide-free D. plexippus caterpillars and butterflies. In addition, we fed mantids starved and unstarved D. plexippus caterpillars from each cardenolide treatment and nontoxic Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner caterpillars. These trials were coupled with elemental analysis of the gut and body tissues of both D. plexippus caterpillars and corn borers. Cardenolides did not affect mantid behavior: mantids gutted both cardenolide-containing and cardenolide-free caterpillars. In contrast, mantids consumed both O. nubilalis and starved D. plexippus caterpillars entirely. Danaus plexippus body tissue has a lower C:N ratio than their gut contents, while O. nubilalis have similar ratios; gutting may reflect the mantid's ability to regulate nutrient uptake. Our results suggest that post-capture prey processing by mantids is likely driven by a sophisticated assessment of resource quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Rafter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881 ( ; ; ; ; )
- Department of Biology, Muskingum University, Concord, OH 43762
| | - Justin F Vendettuoli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881 (; ; ; ; )
| | - Liahna Gonda-King
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881 (; ; ; ; )
| | - Daniel Niesen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881 (; )
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881 (; )
| | - Chad M Rigsby
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881 (; ; ; ; )
| | - Evan L Preisser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881 (; ; ; ; )
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13
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Züst T, Agrawal AA. Population growth and sequestration of plant toxins along a gradient of specialization in four aphid species on the common milkweed
Asclepias syriaca. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Züst
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY14853 USA
| | - Anurag A. Agrawal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY14853 USA
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14
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Pringle EG, Novo A, Ableson I, Barbehenn RV, Vannette RL. Plant-derived differences in the composition of aphid honeydew and their effects on colonies of aphid-tending ants. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:4065-79. [PMID: 25505534 PMCID: PMC4242560 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In plant-ant-hemipteran interactions, ants visit plants to consume the honeydew produced by phloem-feeding hemipterans. If genetically based differences in plant phloem chemistry change the chemical composition of hemipteran honeydew, then the plant's genetic constitution could have indirect effects on ants via the hemipterans. If such effects change ant behavior, they could feed back to affect the plant itself. We compared the chemical composition of honeydews produced by Aphis nerii aphid clones on two milkweed congeners, Asclepias curassavica and Asclepias incarnata, and we measured the responses of experimental Linepithema humile ant colonies to these honeydews. The compositions of secondary metabolites, sugars, and amino acids differed significantly in the honeydews from the two plant species. Ant colonies feeding on honeydew derived from A. incarnata recruited in higher numbers to artificial diet, maintained higher queen and worker dry weight, and sustained marginally more workers than ants feeding on honeydew derived from A. curassavica. Ants feeding on honeydew from A. incarnata were also more exploratory in behavioral assays than ants feeding from A. curassavica. Despite performing better when feeding on the A. incarnata honeydew, ant workers marginally preferred honeydew from A. curassavica to honeydew from A. incarnata when given a choice. Our results demonstrate that plant congeners can exert strong indirect effects on ant colonies by means of plant-species-specific differences in aphid honeydew chemistry. Moreover, these effects changed ant behavior and thus could feed back to affect plant performance in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Pringle
- Michigan Society of Fellows, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 ; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Alexandria Novo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Ian Ableson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Raymond V Barbehenn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109 ; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Rachel L Vannette
- Department of Biology, Stanford University Stanford, California, 94305
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15
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Hagenbucher S, Wäckers FL, Romeis J. Aphid honeydew quality as a food source for parasitoids is maintained in Bt cotton. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107806. [PMID: 25226521 PMCID: PMC4167187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bt-transgenic cotton has proven to be highly efficient in controlling key lepidopteran pests. One concern with the deployment of Bt cotton varieties is the potential proliferation of non-target pests. We previously showed that Bt cotton contained lower concentrations of insecticidal terpenoids as a result of reduced caterpillar damage, which benefited the aphid Aphis gossypii. It is thus important that non-target herbivores are under biological control in Bt cotton fields. The induction or lack of induction of terpenoids could also influence the quality of aphid honeydew, an important food source for beneficial insects. We therefore screened A. gossypii honeydew for cotton terpenoids, that are induced by caterpillars but not the aphids. We then tested the influence of induced insect-resistance of cotton on honeydew nutritional quality for the aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes and the whitefly parasitoid Eretmocerus eremicus. We detected the cotton terpenoids gossypol and hemigossypolone in A. gossypii honeydew. Although a feeding assay demonstrated that gossypol reduced the longevity of both parasitoid species in a non-linear, dose-dependent manner, the honeydew was capable of sustaining parasitoid longevity and reproduction. The level of caterpillar damage to Bt and non-Bt cotton had no impact on the quality of honeydew for the parasitoids.These results indicate that the nutritional quality of honeydew is maintained in Bt cotton and is not influenced by induced insect resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix L. Wäckers
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Romeis
- Agroscope, Institute for Sustainability Sciences (ISS), Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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16
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Christmann J, Kreis W, Reinhard E. Uptake, Transport and Storage of Cardenolides in Foxglove. Cardenolide Sinks and Occurrence of Cardenolides in the Sieve Tubes ofDigitalis lanata1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1993.tb00769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Zhang RR, Tian HY, Tan YF, Chung TY, Sun XH, Xia X, Ye WC, Middleton DA, Fedosova N, Esmann M, Tzen JTC, Jiang RW. Structures, chemotaxonomic significance, cytotoxic and Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitory activities of new cardenolides from Asclepias curassavica. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8919-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01545b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New cardenolides with potent cytotoxic and Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitory activities were isolated from the ornamental milkweed Asclepias curassavica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Fang Tan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Tse-Yu Chung
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology
- National Chung-Hsing University
- Taichung 40227, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Sun
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xue Xia
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Mikael Esmann
- Department of Biomedicine
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jason T. C. Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology
- National Chung-Hsing University
- Taichung 40227, China
| | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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18
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Holzinger F, Wink M. Mediation of cardiac glycoside insensitivity in the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus): Role of an amino acid substitution in the ouabain binding site of Na(+),K (+)-ATPase. J Chem Ecol 2013; 22:1921-37. [PMID: 24227116 DOI: 10.1007/bf02028512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/1996] [Accepted: 05/16/1996] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) sequesters cardiac glycosides (CG) for its chemical defense against predators. Larvae and adults of this butterfly are insensitive towards dietary cardiac glycosides, whereas other Lepidoptera are sensitive and intoxicated by ouabain. Ouabain inhibits Na(+),K(+)-ATPase by binding to its α-subunit. We have amplified and cloned the DNA-sequence encoding the respective ouabain binding site. Instead of the amino acid asparagine at position 122 in ouabain-sensitive insects, the Monarch has a histidine in the putative ouabain binding site, which consists of 12 amino acids. Starting with the CG-sensitive Na(+),K(+)-ATPase gene fromDrosophila, we converted pos. 122 to a histidine residue as inDanaus plexippus by site-directed mutagenesis. Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK) (which are sensitive to ouabain) were transfected with the mutated Na(+),K(+)-ATPase gene in a pSVDF-expression vector and showed a transient expression of the mutatedDrosophila Na(+),K(+)-ATPase. When treated with ouabain, the transfected cells tolerated ouabain at a concentration of 50 mM, whereas untransformed controls or controls transfected with the unmutatedDrosophila gene, showed a substantial mortality. This result implies that the asparagine to histidine exchange contributes to ouabain insensitivity in the Monarch. In two other CG-sequestering insects, e.g.,Danaus gilippus andSyntomeida epilais, the pattern of amino acid substitution differed, indicating that the Monarch has acquired this mutation independently during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Holzinger
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Sabri A, Vandermoten S, Leroy PD, Haubruge E, Hance T, Thonart P, De Pauw E, Francis F. Proteomic investigation of aphid honeydew reveals an unexpected diversity of proteins. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74656. [PMID: 24086359 PMCID: PMC3783439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphids feed on the phloem sap of plants, and are the most common honeydew-producing insects. While aphid honeydew is primarily considered to comprise sugars and amino acids, its protein diversity has yet to be documented. Here, we report on the investigation of the honeydew proteome from the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Using a two-Dimensional Differential in-Gel Electrophoresis (2D-Dige) approach, more than 140 spots were isolated, demonstrating that aphid honeydew also represents a diverse source of proteins. About 66% of the isolated spots were identified through mass spectrometry analysis, revealing that the protein diversity of aphid honeydew originates from several organisms (i.e. the host aphid and its microbiota, including endosymbiotic bacteria and gut flora). Interestingly, our experiments also allowed to identify some proteins like chaperonin, GroEL and Dnak chaperones, elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), and flagellin that might act as mediators in the plant-aphid interaction. In addition to providing the first aphid honeydew proteome analysis, we propose to reconsider the importance of this substance, mainly acknowledged to be a waste product, from the aphid ecology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sabri
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Center, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sophie Vandermoten
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Pascal D. Leroy
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Eric Haubruge
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Thierry Hance
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Center, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Philippe Thonart
- Walloon Center of Industrial Biology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Department of Chemistry – Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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Couture JJ, Servi JS, Lindroth RL. Increased nitrogen availability influences predator–prey interactions by altering host-plant quality. CHEMOECOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-010-0058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kamo T, Tokuoka Y, Miyazaki M. Influence of aphid–host plant pairs on the survivorship and development of the multicolored Asian ladybird beetle: implications for the management of vegetation in rural landscapes. Ecol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-010-0739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Konrad R, Wäckers FL, Romeis J, Babendreier D. Honeydew feeding in the solitary bee Osmia bicornis as affected by aphid species and nectar availability. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 55:1158-1166. [PMID: 19699745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 08/08/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Like honey bees (Apis mellifera), non-Apis bees could exploit honeydew as a carbohydrate source. In addition to providing carbohydrates, this may expose them to potentially harmful plant products secreted in honeydew. However, knowledge on honeydew feeding by solitary bees is very scarce. Here we determine whether the polylectic solitary bee Osmia bicornis (=O. rufa) collects honeydew under semi-field conditions, and whether this is affected by aphid species and presence of floral nectar. Bees were provided with oilseed rape plants containing flowers and/or colonies of either Myzus persicae or Brevicoryne brassicae. We used the total sugar level of the bee crop as a measure of the individual's nutritional state and the oligosaccharide erlose as indicator for honeydew consumption. Erlose was present in honeydews from both aphid species, while absent in oilseed rape nectar, nor being synthesized by O. bicornis. When bees were confined to a single honeydew type as the only carbohydrate source, consumption of M. persicae honeydew was confirmed for 47% of the bees and consumption of B. brassicae honeydew for only 3%. Increased mortality in the latter treatment provided further evidence that B. brassicae honeydew is an unsuitable food source for O. bicornis. All bees that were given the choice between honeydew and floral nectar showed significantly increased total sugar levels. However, the fact that no erlose was detected in these bees indicates that honeydew was not consumed when suitable floral nectar was available. This study demonstrates that honeydew exploitation by O. bicornis is dependent on honeydew type and the presence of floral nectar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Konrad
- Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Li JZ, Liu HY, Lin YJ, Hao XJ, Ni W, Chen CX. Six new C21 steroidal glycosides from Asclepias curassavica L. Steroids 2008; 73:594-600. [PMID: 18328519 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Six new C(21) steroidal glycosides, named curassavosides A-F (3-8), were obtained from the aerial parts of Asclepias curassavica (Asclepiadaceae), along with two known oxypregnanes, 12-O-benzoyldeacylmetaplexigenin (1) and 12-O-benzoylsarcostin (2). By spectroscopic methods, the structures of the six new compounds were determined as 12-O-benzoyldeacylmetaplexigenin 3-O-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-digitoxopyranoside (3), 12-O-benzoylsarcostin 3-O-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-digitoxopyranoside (4), sarcostin 3-O-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-canaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-digitoxopyranoside (5), sarcostin 3-O-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-canaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-canaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-digitoxopyranoside (6), 12-O-benzoyldeacylmetaplexigenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-canaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-d-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-digitoxopyranoside (7), and 12-O-benzoylsarcostin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-d-canaropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-digitoxopyranoside (8), respectively. All compounds (1-8) were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity; only compound 3 showed weak inhibitory activity against Raji and AGZY cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Zhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 132, Lanhei Road, Yunnan, Kunming 650204, PR China
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Roy MC, Chang FR, Huang HC, Chiang MYN, Wu YC. Cytotoxic principles from the formosan milkweed, Asclepias curassavica. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:1494-9. [PMID: 16252914 DOI: 10.1021/np0501740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of cardenolides and related compounds have been isolated from the aerial parts and roots of the ornamental milkweed, Asclepias curassavica. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Among them, three derivatives of calactinic acid methyl ester (13-15), 19-nor-16 alpha-acetoxy-10 beta-hydroxyasclepin (16), 20 beta,21-dihydroxypregna-4,6-dien-3-one (19), and 3,4-seco-urs-20(30)-en-3-oic acid (22) are new compounds. The relative configuration of calactinic acid methyl ester (12) has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis on its derivative 13. Most of the cardenolides obtained showed pronounced cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines (IC(50) 0.01 to 2.0 microg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Roy
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Sadeghi H, Gilbert F. Aphid suitability and its relationship to oviposition preference in predatory hoverflies. J Anim Ecol 2001; 69:771-784. [PMID: 29313989 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.2000.00433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
1. The fitness consequences of feeding on different aphids (apple, blackberry, dock, elder, nettle, pea, rose and sycamore aphids) for two species of generalist insect predator (the aphidophagous larvae of Episyrphus balteatus and Syrphus ribesii- Diptera:Syrphidae) were measured in the laboratory. The relevant literature studies on prey specialization in the Syrphidae were summarized for the first time. 2. Both the literature evidence reviewed and the data from the experiment indicated that fitness components and overall individual fitnesses are broadly similar among all aphid species, with some exceptions. 3. We correlated individual fitness to two estimates of oviposition preference, an indirect (field distribution of larvae) and a direct measure (egg distribution under laboratory conditions). In the non-resident, migratory E. balteatus significant correlations were absent, but there were indications of a weak preference-performance correlation in the largely resident S. ribesii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Sadeghi
- School of Biological Sciences, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Francis Gilbert
- School of Biological Sciences, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
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Sequestration of lichen compounds by lichen-feeding members of the Arctiidae (Lepidoptera). J Chem Ecol 1995; 21:2079-89. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02033864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/1995] [Accepted: 08/09/1995] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Frick C, Wink M. Uptake and sequestration of ouabain and other cardiac glycosides inDanaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Danaidae): Evidence for a carrier-mediated process. J Chem Ecol 1995; 21:557-75. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02033701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/1994] [Accepted: 01/26/1995] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hesbacher S, Baur B, Baur A, Proksch P. Sequestration of lichen compounds by three species of terrestrial snails. J Chem Ecol 1995; 21:233-46. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02036654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/1994] [Accepted: 11/01/1994] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Malcolm SB. Milkweeds, monarch butterflies and the ecological significance of cardenolides. CHEMOECOLOGY 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01240595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Holzinger F, Frick C, Wink M. Molecular basis for the insensitivity of the Monarch (Danaus plexippus) to cardiac glycosides. FEBS Lett 1992; 314:477-80. [PMID: 1334851 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)81530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Monarch (Danaus plexippus) sequesters cardiac glycosides for its chemical defence against predators. Larvae and adults of this butterfly are insensitive towards dietary cardiac glycosides, whereas other Lepidoptera, such as Manduca sexta and Creatonotos transiens are sensitive and intoxicated by ouabain. Ouabain inhibits the Na+,K(+)-ATPase by binding to its alpha-subunit. We have amplified and cloned the DNA sequence encoding the respective ouabain binding site. Instead of the amino acid asparagine at position 122 in ouabain-sensitive insects, the Monarch has a histidine in the putative ouabain binding site, which consists of about 12 amino acids. This change may explain the ouabain insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Holzinger
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Heidelberg, Germany
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Some polyphagous Homoptera gain protection from their natural enemies by feeding on the toxic plantsSpartium junceum andErythrina corallodendrum (Leguminosae). CHEMOECOLOGY 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01370139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Martin RA, Lynch SP, Brower LP, Malcolm SB, Van Hook T. Cardenolide content, emetic potency, and thin-layer chromatography profiles of monarch butterflies,Danaus plexippus, and their larval host-plant milkweed,Asclepias humistrata, in Florida. CHEMOECOLOGY 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01261450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Are ant-aphid associations a tritrophic interaction? Oleander aphids and Argentine ants. Oecologia 1991; 87:514-521. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00320414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/1990] [Accepted: 04/29/1991] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Glendinning JI. Responses of three mouse species to deterrent chemicals in the monarch butterfly. II. Taste tests using intact monarchs. CHEMOECOLOGY 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01241653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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