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Ozkan SZ, Petrov VA, Efimov MN, Vasilev AA, Muratov DG, Sadovnikov AA, Bondarenko GN, Karpacheva GP. Novel Hybrid Composites Based on Polymers of Diphenyl-Amine-2-Carboxylic Acid and Highly Porous Activated IR-Pyrolyzed Polyacrylonitrile. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:441. [PMID: 36679321 PMCID: PMC9861318 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid composites based on electroactive polymers of diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (PDPAC) and highly porous carbon with a hierarchical pore structure were prepared for the first time. Activated IR-pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile (IR-PAN-a), characterized by a highly developed surface, was chosen as a highly porous N-doped carbon component of the hybrid materials. IR-PAN-a was prepared using pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in the presence of potassium hydroxide under IR radiation. Composite materials were obtained using oxidative polymerization of diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (DPAC) in the presence of IR-PAN-a both in an acidic and an alkaline medium. The composite materials were IR-heated to reduce the oxygen content and enhance their physical and chemical properties. The chemical structure, morphology, and electrical and thermal properties of the developed IR-PAN-a/PDPAC composites were investigated. The IR-PAN-a/PDPAC composites are thermally stable and electrically conductive. During the synthesis of the composites in an acidic medium, doping of the polymer component occurs, which makes the main contribution to the composite conductivity (1.3 × 10-5 S/cm). A sharp drop in the electrical conductivity of the IR-PAN-a/PDPACac-IR composites to 3.4 × 10-10 S/cm is associated with the removal of the dopant during IR heating. The IR-PAN-a/PDPACalk composites prepared before and after IR heating show a gradual increase in electrical conductivity by five orders of magnitude to 1.6 × 10-5 S/cm at 25-106 Hz. IR heating of the obtained materials leads to a significant increase in their thermal properties. The IR-heated composites lose half of their initial weight in an inert atmosphere at temperatures above 1000 °C, whereas for IR-PAN-a/PDPAC, the temperature range is 840-849 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveta Zhiraslanovna Ozkan
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Collado I, Jiménez-Suárez A, Moriche R, Del Rosario G, Prolongo SG. Electrical, Thermo-Electrical, and Electromagnetic Behaviour of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets with Different Average Surface Area. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:5520. [PMID: 36559888 PMCID: PMC9783489 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of the average surface area of different graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) on the thermo-electrical behaviour, associated with Joule heating, and the attenuation of electromagnetic signals of epoxy composites has been studied, analysing the effect of the morphology obtained as a function of the dispersion time by ultrasonication and the GNP content added. Gravity moulding was used as the first stage in the scaling-up, oriented to the industrial manufacture of multilayer coatings, observing a preferential self-orientation of nanoparticles and, in several conditions, a self-stratification too. The increase of sonication time during the GNP dispersion provides a decrease in the electrical conductivity, due to the GNP fragmentation. Instead, the thermal conductivity is enhanced due to the higher homogeneous distribution of GNPs into the epoxy matrix. Finally, the lower surface area of GNPs reduces the thermal and electrical conductivity due to a greater separation between nanosheets. Regarding the study of the attenuation of electromagnetic waves, it has been discovered that in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 20 MHz, this attenuation is independent of the direction of analysis, the type of graphene, the sonication time, and the state of dispersion of the nano-reinforcement in the matrix. Furthermore, it has also been observed that the conservation of the constant shielding values for the three types of GNPs are in a range of average frequencies between 0.3 and 3 MHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Collado
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, University Rey Juan Carlos, Tulipán Street, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Alberto Jiménez-Suárez
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, University Rey Juan Carlos, Tulipán Street, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Rocío Moriche
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Sevilla, Apartado 1065, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gilberto Del Rosario
- Technological Support Center, University Rey Juan Carlos, Tulipán Street, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Silvia Gonzalez Prolongo
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, University Rey Juan Carlos, Tulipán Street, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
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Kudryashov M, Logunov A, Mochalov L, Kudryashova Y, Trubyanov M, Barykin A, Vorotyntsev I. Hopping Conductivity and Dielectric Relaxations in Ag/PAN Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193251. [PMID: 34641064 PMCID: PMC8512695 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dependence of the conductivity and electric modulus of silver/polyacrylonitrile nanocomposites on the frequency of an alternating electric field has been studied at different temperatures and starting mixture AgNO3 contents. The frequency dependences on the conductivity of the nanocomposites in the range of 103-106 Hz are in good agreement with the power law f0.8. The observed relaxation maxima in the relation of the imaginary part of the electric modulus on the frequency can be explained by interfacial polarization. It was shown that the frequency dispersions of conductivity and electric modulus were well described by the Dyre and Cole-Davidson models, respectively. Using these models, we have estimated the relaxation times and the activation energies of these structures. A mechanism of charge transport responsible for the conductivity of nanocomposites is proposed. An assumption is made regarding the presence of Ag42+ and Ag82+ silver clusters in the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Kudryashov
- Department of Chemical Technology, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.A.K.); (A.A.L.); (Y.P.K.); (M.M.T.); (A.V.B.); (I.V.V.)
| | - A.A. Logunov
- Department of Chemical Technology, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.A.K.); (A.A.L.); (Y.P.K.); (M.M.T.); (A.V.B.); (I.V.V.)
| | - L.A. Mochalov
- Department of Chemical Technology, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.A.K.); (A.A.L.); (Y.P.K.); (M.M.T.); (A.V.B.); (I.V.V.)
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yu.P. Kudryashova
- Department of Chemical Technology, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.A.K.); (A.A.L.); (Y.P.K.); (M.M.T.); (A.V.B.); (I.V.V.)
| | - M.M. Trubyanov
- Department of Chemical Technology, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.A.K.); (A.A.L.); (Y.P.K.); (M.M.T.); (A.V.B.); (I.V.V.)
| | - A.V. Barykin
- Department of Chemical Technology, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.A.K.); (A.A.L.); (Y.P.K.); (M.M.T.); (A.V.B.); (I.V.V.)
| | - I.V. Vorotyntsev
- Department of Chemical Technology, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.A.K.); (A.A.L.); (Y.P.K.); (M.M.T.); (A.V.B.); (I.V.V.)
- Department of Membrane Technology, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
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Ozkan SZ, Kostev AI, Karpacheva GP. Multifunctional nanocomposites based on polydiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid, magnetite nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ozkan SZ, Kostev AI, Karpacheva GP, Chernavskii PA, Vasilev AA, Muratov DG. Hybrid Electromagnetic Nanomaterials Based on Polydiphenylamine-2-carboxylic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1568. [PMID: 32679877 PMCID: PMC7408405 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid ternary nanomaterials based on conjugated polymer polydiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (PDPAC) (poly-N-phenylanthranilic acid), Fe3O4 nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) were prepared for the first time. Polymer-metal-carbon Fe3O4/SWCNT/PDPAC nanocomposites were synthesized via in situ oxidative polymerization of diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (DPAC) by two different ways: in an acidic medium and in the interfacial process in an alkaline medium. In an alkaline medium (pH 11.4), the entire process of Fe3O4/SWCNT/PDPAC-1 synthesis was carried out in one reaction vessel without intermediate stages of product extraction and purification. In an acidic medium (pH 0.3), to prepare the Fe3O4/SWCNT/PDPAC-2 nanocomposites, prefabricated magnetite nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of obtained SWCNT/PDPAC-2. The phase composition of the nanocomposites does not depend on the synthesis reaction medium pH. The influence of the reaction medium pH on the structure, morphology, thermal, magnetic, and electrical properties of the obtained ternary nanocomposites was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveta Zhiraslanovna Ozkan
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (G.P.K.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.V.); (D.G.M.)
| | - Aleksandr Ivanovich Kostev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (G.P.K.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.V.); (D.G.M.)
| | - Galina Petrovna Karpacheva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (G.P.K.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.V.); (D.G.M.)
| | - Petr Aleksandrovich Chernavskii
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (G.P.K.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.V.); (D.G.M.)
- Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Aleksandrovich Vasilev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (G.P.K.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.V.); (D.G.M.)
| | - Dmitriy Gennad’evich Muratov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (G.P.K.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.V.); (D.G.M.)
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Formation Features of Hybrid Nanocomposites Based on Polydiphenylamine-2-Carboxylic Acid and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071181. [PMID: 31337093 PMCID: PMC6680690 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid nanocomposites based on electroactive polydiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (PDPAC) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were obtained for the first time. Polymer-carbon nanomaterials were synthesized via in situ oxidative polymerization of diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (DPAC) in the presence of SWCNTs by two different ways. Hybrid SWCNT/PDPAC nanocomposites were prepared both in an acidic medium and in the heterophase system in an alkaline medium. In the heterophase system, the monomer and the SWCNTs are in the organic phase (chloroform) and the oxidant (ammonium persulfate) is in an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide. The chemical structure, as well as the electrical and thermal properties of the developed SWCNT/PDPAC nanocomposite materials were investigated.
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Hybrid nanocomposite based on poly-3-amine-7-methylamine-2-methylphenazine and single-walled carbon nanotubes. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhiraslanovna Ozkan S, Petrovna Karpacheva G, Aleksandrovich Chernavskii P, Leont'evna Dzidziguri E, Nikolaevna Bondarenko G, Viktorovna Pankina G. Hybrid Materials Based on Poly-3-amine-7-methylamine-2-methylphenazine and Magnetite Nanoparticles Immobilized on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10050544. [PMID: 30966578 PMCID: PMC6415447 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer-metal-carbon hybrid nanomaterials based on thermostable electroactive poly-3-amine-7-methylamine-2-methylphenazine (PAMMP), single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized for the first time. Hybrid Fe3O4/SWCNT/PAMMP nanomaterial synthesis was carried out via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of 3-amine-7-methylamine-2-methylphenazine hydrochloride in the presence of metal-carbon Fe3O4/SWCNT nanocomposites. Fe3O4/SWCNT nanocomposites were obtained by the immobilization of magnetite nanoparticles on the SWCNT surface in the course of Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesis in alkaline medium. The developed nanocomposite materials were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission (FE-SEM) scanning electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and magnetometry. The chemical structure and phase composition, magnetic and electrical properties, and thermal stability of the obtained multifunctional nanomaterials, depending on synthesis conditions, were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveta Zhiraslanovna Ozkan
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Galina Petrovna Karpacheva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | | | - Ella Leont'evna Dzidziguri
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119049, Russia.
| | - Galina Nikolaevna Bondarenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Galina Viktorovna Pankina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Abdel-Karim AM, Salama A, El-Samahy FA, El-Sedik M, Osman FH. Some dielectric properties of novel nano-s-triazine derivatives. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A.H. Salama
- Department of Physical Chemistry; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | | | - Mervat El-Sedik
- Department of Dying, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
| | - Fayez H. Osman
- Department of Green Chemistry; National Research Centre; Giza Egypt
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Sobolčiak P, Ali A, Hassan MK, Helal MI, Tanvir A, Popelka A, Al-Maadeed MA, Krupa I, Mahmoud KA. 2D Ti3C2Tx (MXene)-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers with enhanced mechanical and electrical properties. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183705. [PMID: 28854241 PMCID: PMC5576691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 2D Ti3C2Tx (MXene)-reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers have been successfully fabricated by an electrospinning technique. The high aspect ratio, hydrophilic surfaces, and metallic conductivity of delaminated MXene nanosheet render it promising nanofiller for high performance nanocomposites. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were used to improve the mechanical properties of the nanofibers. The obtained electrospun nanofibers had diameter from 174 to 194 nm depending on ratio between PVA, CNC and MXene. Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated an increase in the elastic modulus from 392 MPa for neat PVA fibers to 855 MPa for fibers containing CNC and MXene at 25°C. Moreover, PVA nanofibers containing 0.14 wt. % Ti3C2Tx exhibited dc conductivity of 0.8 mS/cm conductivity which is superior compared to similar composites prepared using methods other than electrospinning. Improved mechanical and electrical characteristics of the Ti3C2Tx /CNC/PVA composites make them viable materials for high performance energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adnan Ali
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mohamed I. Helal
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Aisha Tanvir
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anton Popelka
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariam A. Al-Maadeed
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Materials Science and Technology Program, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Igor Krupa
- QAPCO Polymer Chair, Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled A. Mahmoud
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physics & Mathematical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
- * E-mail:
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Ahmad S, Berger R, Khan HU, Butt HJ. Electrical field assisted growth of poly(3-hexylthiophene) layers employing ionic liquids: microstructure elucidated by scanning force and electron microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Murugavel S, Roling B. ac conductivity spectra of alkali tellurite glasses: composition-dependent deviations from the Summerfield scaling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 89:195902. [PMID: 12443130 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.195902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, deviations from the Summerfield scaling in the ac conductivity spectra of single ion conducting glasses. In contrast to the extensively studied borate and germanate glasses, the conductivity isotherms of alkali tellurite glasses do not superimpose upon application of the Summerfield scaling. The deviations depend on the alkali oxide content as well as on the type of the alkali ion. Remarkably, our experimental findings differ considerably from theoretical results describing the hopping dynamics of charge carriers in random barrier landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Murugavel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie and Sonderforschungsbereich 458, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 4, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Schroder TB, Dyre JC. Scaling and universality of ac conduction in disordered solids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:310-313. [PMID: 11015898 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent scaling results for the ac conductivity of ionic glasses by Roling et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2160 (1997)] and Sidebottom [Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3653 (1999)] are discussed. We prove that Sidebottom's version of scaling is completely general. A new approximation to the universal ac conductivity arising in the extreme disorder limit of the symmetric hopping model, the "diffusion cluster approximation," is presented and compared to computer simulations and experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- TB Schroder
- Department of Mathematics and Physics (IMFUFA), Roskilde University, Postbox 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Bondarev VN, Pikhitsa PV. Fluctuation theory of relaxation phenomena in disordered conductors: How fitting laws such as those of Kohlrausch and Jonscher are obtained from a consistent approach. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:3932-3945. [PMID: 9986293 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Stubb H, Punkka E, Paloheimo J. Electronic and optical properties of conducting polymer thin films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0920-2307(93)90004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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