Induced proteins in cells infected with pseudorabies virus

Protein synthesis in pseudorabies virus-infected cells: decreased expression of protein kinase PKR, and effects of 2-aminopurine and adenine

The impact of pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection on the synthesis of host cell proteins was studied. By metabolic labeling of protein synthesis with [35S]methionine, it was observed that the translation of cellular proteins was inhibited globally in the late phase of infection and viral proteins became the dominating products. Furthermore, immunoblot analysis showed that the total protein levels of two genes involved in translational regulation, namely the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), decreased during late time of infection. Using [32P]orthophosphate labeling, it was observed that PRV infection also caused a decrease in the phosphorylation of intracellular PKR. Finally, using 2-aminopurine (2-AP, an inhibitor of serine/threonine protein kinase) or adenine (an isomer of 2-AP) to treat PRV-infected cells, we found that the inhibition of host protein synthesis by PRV was partially prevented by these two drugs, suggesting that 2-AP and adenine may share a same target and pathway to manifest the effect.

Antibodies to Aujeszky's disease virus in pigs immunized with purified virus glycoproteins

Antibodies to Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) glycoproteins gII, gIII, and gp50 were compared using four in vitro tests. Antibodies generated by vaccination with a modified-live vaccine (MLV) were also compared. The serological assays employed were: serum neutralization test (SNT), complement facilitated serum neutralization test (C'SNT), complement-mediated cytolysis and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Pigs were immunized with single glycoproteins twice 14 days apart, or once with the modified-live vaccine. Fourteen days after the second immunization, sera were collected. Virus neutralizing activity (SNT) was demonstrated in the sera from all pigs immunized with gp50 and in one out of three immunized with gIII. Sera from the MLV group all had neutralization titers higher than animals immunized with single glycoproteins. Addition of guinea pig complement to the serum neutralization test (i.e., C'SNT) produced an enhancement of antibody titers in all groups except the pigs immunized with gIII. The complement-mediated cytolysis test rendered antibody titers similar in magnitude for all pigs immunized with single glycoproteins, but slightly lower than values for MLV vaccinated pigs. ADCC activity was clearly displayed in sera from pigs immunized with gIII or vaccinated with MLV, whereas sera from pigs immunized with gII or gp50 had a minimal response. The results indicate that the relative efficiency of antibodies against ADV glycoproteins in protection should be considered for selecting or producing gene-deleted strains for use in vaccine production.