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Handlos Grauslund J, Holmström MO, Jørgensen NG, Klausen U, Weis-Banke SE, El Fassi D, Schöllkopf C, Clausen MB, Gjerdrum LMR, Breinholt MF, Kjeldsen JW, Hansen M, Koschmieder S, Chatain N, Novotny GW, Petersen J, Kjær L, Skov V, Met Ö, Svane IM, Hasselbalch HC, Andersen MH. Therapeutic Cancer Vaccination With a Peptide Derived From the Calreticulin Exon 9 Mutations Induces Strong Cellular Immune Responses in Patients With CALR-Mutant Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Front Oncol 2021; 11:637420. [PMID: 33718228 PMCID: PMC7952976 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.637420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The calreticulin (CALR) exon 9 mutations that are identified in 20% of patients with Philadelphia chromosome negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) generate immunogenic antigens. Thus, therapeutic cancer vaccination against mutant CALR could be a new treatment modality in CALR-mutant MPN. Methods The safety and efficacy of vaccination with the peptide CALRLong36 derived from the CALR exon 9 mutations was tested in a phase I clinical vaccination trial with montanide as adjuvant. Ten patients with CALRmut MPN were included in the trial and received 15 vaccines over the course of one year. The primary end point was evaluation of safety and toxicity of the vaccine. Secondary endpoint was assessment of the immune response to the vaccination epitope (www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03566446). Results Patients had a median age of 59.5 years and a median disease duration of 6.5 years. All patients received the intended 15 vaccines, and the vaccines were deemed safe and tolerable as only two grade three AE were detected, and none of these were considered to be related to the vaccine. A decline in platelet counts relative to the platelets counts at baseline was detected during the first 100 days, however this did not translate into neither a clinical nor a molecular response in any of the patients. Immunomonitoring revealed that four of 10 patients had an in vitro interferon (IFN)-γ ELISPOT response to the CALRLong36 peptide at baseline, and four additional patients displayed a response in ELISPOT upon receiving three or more vaccines. The amplitude of the immune response increased during the entire vaccination schedule for patients with essential thrombocythemia. In contrast, the immune response in patients with primary myelofibrosis did not increase after three vaccines. Conclusion Therapeutic cancer vaccination with peptide vaccines derived from mutant CALR with montanide as an adjuvant, is safe and tolerable. The vaccines did not induce any clinical responses. However, the majority of patients displayed a marked T-cell response to the vaccine upon completion of the trial. This suggests that vaccines directed against mutant CALR may be used with other cancer therapeutic modalities to enhance the anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Handlos Grauslund
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Orebo Holmström
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Nicolai Grønne Jørgensen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Uffe Klausen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Stine Emilie Weis-Banke
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Daniel El Fassi
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Schöllkopf
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mette Borg Clausen
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Julie Westerlin Kjeldsen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Hansen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Chatain
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Guy Wayne Novotny
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jesper Petersen
- Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Institute for Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Mads Hald Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Institute for Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Holmström MO, Andersen MH. Healthy Donors Harbor Memory T Cell Responses to RAS Neo-Antigens. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103045. [PMID: 33086698 PMCID: PMC7589254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS mutations are the most frequently occurring somatic mutations in humans, and several studies have established that T cells from patients with RAS-mutant cancer recognize and kill RAS-mutant cells. Enhancing the T cell response via therapeutic cancer vaccination against mutant RAS results in a clinical benefit to patients; thus, T cells specific to RAS mutations are effective at battling cancer. As the theory of cancer immuno-editing indicates that healthy donors may clear malignantly transformed cells via immune-mediated killing, and since T cells have been shown to recognize RAS-mutant cancer cells, we investigated whether healthy donors harbor T-cell responses specific to mutant RAS. We identified strong and frequent responses against several epitopes derived from the RAS codon 12 and codon 13 mutations. Some healthy donors demonstrated a response to several mutant epitopes, and some, but not all, exhibited cross-reactivity to the wild-type RAS epitope. In addition, several T cell responses were identified against mutant RAS epitopes in healthy donors directly ex vivo. Clones against mutant RAS epitopes were established from healthy donors, and several of these clones did not cross-react with the wild-type epitope. Finally, CD45RO+ memory T cells from healthy donors demonstrated a strong response to several mutant RAS epitopes. Taken together, these data suggest that the immune system in healthy donors spontaneously clears malignantly transformed RAS-mutant cells, and the immune system consequently generates T-cell memory against the mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Orebo Holmström
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-38-682-602
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark;
- Institute for Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen University, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Ho WJ, Jaffee EM, Zheng L. The tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer - clinical challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 17:527-540. [PMID: 32398706 PMCID: PMC7442729 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal solid tumours despite the use of multi-agent conventional chemotherapy regimens. Such poor outcomes have fuelled ongoing efforts to exploit the tumour microenvironment (TME) for therapy, but strategies aimed at deconstructing the surrounding desmoplastic stroma and targeting the immunosuppressive pathways have largely failed. In fact, evidence has now shown that the stroma is multi-faceted, which illustrates the complexity of exploring features of the TME as isolated targets. In this Review, we describe ways in which the PDAC microenvironment has been targeted and note the current understanding of the clinical outcomes that have unexpectedly contradicted preclinical observations. We also consider the more sophisticated therapeutic strategies under active investigation - multi-modal treatment approaches and exploitation of biologically integrated targets - which aim to remodel the TME against PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jin Ho
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Pancreatic Cancer Center for Clinical Research and Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Pancreatic Cancer Center for Clinical Research and Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Skip Viragh Pancreatic Cancer Center for Clinical Research and Care, and The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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4
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Cafri G, Yossef R, Pasetto A, Deniger DC, Lu YC, Parkhurst M, Gartner JJ, Jia L, Ray S, Ngo LT, Jafferji M, Sachs A, Prickett T, Robbins PF, Rosenberg SA. Memory T cells targeting oncogenic mutations detected in peripheral blood of epithelial cancer patients. Nat Commun 2019; 10:449. [PMID: 30683863 PMCID: PMC6347629 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08304-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells targeting shared oncogenic mutations can induce durable tumor regression in epithelial cancer patients. Such T cells can be detected in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, but whether such cells can be detected in the peripheral blood of patients with the common metastatic epithelial cancer patients is unknown. Using a highly sensitive in vitro stimulation and cell enrichment of peripheral memory T cells from six metastatic cancer patients, we identified and isolated CD4+, and CD8+ memory T cells targeting the mutated KRASG12D and KRASG12V variants, respectively, in three patients. In an additional two metastatic colon cancer patients, we detected CD8+ neoantigen-specific cells targeting the mutated SMAD5 and MUC4 proteins. Therefore, memory T cells targeting unique as well as shared somatic mutations can be detected in the peripheral blood of epithelial cancer patients and can potentially be used for the development of effective personalized T cell-based cancer immunotherapy across multiple patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Cafri
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rami Yossef
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anna Pasetto
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Drew C Deniger
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yong-Chen Lu
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria Parkhurst
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Li Jia
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Satyajit Ray
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lien T Ngo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mohammad Jafferji
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Abraham Sachs
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Todd Prickett
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Paul F Robbins
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Cullis J, Das S, Bar-Sagi D. Kras and Tumor Immunity: Friend or Foe? Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a031849. [PMID: 29229670 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy as curative treatments in certain tumor types, there has been renewed interest in the relationship between immunity and tumor growth. Although we are gaining a greater understanding of the complex interplay of immune modulating components in the tumor microenvironment, the specific role that tumor cells play in shaping the immune milieu is still not well characterized. In this review, we focus on how mutant Kras tumor cells contribute to tumor immunity, with a specific focus on processes induced directly or indirectly by the oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Shipra Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
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6
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Pylayeva-Gupta Y, Lee KE, Hajdu CH, Miller G, Bar-Sagi D. Oncogenic Kras-induced GM-CSF production promotes the development of pancreatic neoplasia. Cancer Cell 2012; 21:836-47. [PMID: 22698407 PMCID: PMC3721510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stromal responses elicited by early stage neoplastic lesions can promote tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the early recruitment of stromal cells to sites of neoplasia remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate an oncogenic Kras(G12D)-dependent upregulation of GM-CSF in mouse pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs). An enhanced GM-CSF production is also observed in human PanIN lesions. Kras(G12D)-dependent production of GM-CSF in vivo is required for the recruitment of Gr1(+)CD11b(+) myeloid cells. The suppression of GM-CSF production inhibits the in vivo growth of Kras(G12D)-PDECs, and, consistent with the role of GM-CSF in Gr1(+)CD11b(+) mobilization, this effect is mediated by CD8(+) T cells. These results identify a pathway that links oncogenic activation to the evasion of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyoung Eun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristina H. Hajdu
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - George Miller
- Departments of Surgery and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Abstract
RAS proteins are essential components of signalling pathways that emanate from cell surface receptors. Oncogenic activation of these proteins owing to missense mutations is frequently detected in several types of cancer. A wealth of biochemical and genetic studies indicates that RAS proteins control a complex molecular circuitry that consists of a wide array of interconnecting pathways. In this Review, we describe how RAS oncogenes exploit their extensive signalling reach to affect multiple cellular processes that drive tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Pylayeva-Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
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8
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Shono Y, Tanimura H, Iwahashi M, Tsunoda T, Tani M, Tanaka H, Matsuda K, Yamaue H. Specific T-cell immunity against Ki-ras peptides in patients with pancreatic and colorectal cancers. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:530-6. [PMID: 12592366 PMCID: PMC2377177 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of codon 12 in the Ki-ras gene are frequently found in pancreatic and colorectal cancers. It has been demonstrated that human T-cells have the potential to recognise tumours expressing mutated ras-derived peptides. However, it remains unclear whether T-cells from a given individual can recognise the mutant peptides, which are expressed in that individual's tumour tissues. Mutations of the Ki-ras oncogene were analysed by the mutant-allele-specific amplification (MASA) method in pancreatic and colorectal tumour tissues, and T-cell responses against mutated Ki-ras-derived peptides were measured by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation and IFN-gamma production assays. Specific T-cell responses against Ki-ras-products were found in cancer patients, whereas no immune response was observed in normal individuals (P<0.01). Six of the eight pancreatic cancer patients (75%) and nine of 26 colorectal cancer patients (35%) had T-cell responses to mutated Ki-ras-derived-peptides. T-cell response in a given individual cannot recognise the same mutated ras peptide, which is expressed in that individual's tumour tissues. However, pancreatic and colorectal cancer patients have T-cell immunity against Ki-ras-peptides, and this provides potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shono
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
| | - H Tanimura
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
| | - M Iwahashi
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
| | - T Tsunoda
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
| | - M Tani
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
| | - H Tanaka
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
| | - K Matsuda
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
| | - H Yamaue
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan
- Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan. E-mail:
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9
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Mavrogianni D, Viniou N, Michali E, Terpos E, Meletis J, Vaiopoulos G, Madzourani M, Pangalis G, Yataganas X, Loukopoulos D. Leukemogenic risk of hydroxyurea therapy as a single agent in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: N- and K-ras mutations and microsatellite instability in chromosomes 5 and 7 in 69 patients. Int J Hematol 2002; 75:394-400. [PMID: 12041671 DOI: 10.1007/bf02982131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are chronic myeloproliferative diseases that carry intrinsically the potential for leukemic transformation. The aims of this study were (1) to detect involvement of N- and K-ras mutations in codons 12 and 13 in the pathogenesis of the chronic and blastic phases of PV and ET, (2) to study the occurrence of microsatellite instability (MSI) in chromosomes 5 and 7 during the chronic phase and blastic transformation of the disease, and (3) to examine the incidence of leukemia in patients treated with hydroxyurea (HU). Samples of PV and ET patients were analyzed with a polymerase chain reaction. No N- or K-ras mutations were detected. A positive score for MSI in chromosome 7 was found in 1 patient with PV during leukemic transformation. Three of 69 patients developed acute myelogenous leukemia, 2 with PV and 1 with ET. As of this report, the overall incidence of leukemic transformation is 5.7% (2/35 patients) in PV and 3.3% (1/30 patients) in ET patients treated with HU. These results indicate that (1) MSI is a genetic marker that can be detected, even in a small group of patients, at the blastic phase of the disease and (2) no increased leukemogenicity was noted in this group of patients treated with HU.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/chemically induced
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5/physiology
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/physiology
- Female
- Genes, ras/genetics
- Genes, ras/physiology
- Humans
- Hydroxyurea/adverse effects
- Hydroxyurea/therapeutic use
- Incidence
- Leukemia/chemically induced
- Leukemia/etiology
- Leukemia/genetics
- Male
- Microsatellite Repeats
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Polycythemia Vera/complications
- Polycythemia Vera/drug therapy
- Polycythemia Vera/genetics
- Thrombocytosis/complications
- Thrombocytosis/drug therapy
- Thrombocytosis/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Mavrogianni
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, University of Athens, Greece
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10
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Bristol JA, Schlom J, Abrams SI. Development of a Murine Mutant Ras CD8+ CTL Peptide Epitope Variant That Possesses Enhanced MHC Class I Binding and Immunogenic Properties. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.5.2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We recently identified a murine mutant Ras p21 CD8+ CTL epitope reflecting residues 4 to 12, containing the mutation of Gly to Val at codon 12, that bound weakly to H-2Kd in vitro and generated a weak primary CTL response in immunized BALB/c mice. Here, we explored the hypothesis that specific modifications to the Ras4–12 peptide sequence can improve MHC binding, leading to enhanced immunogenicity without altering immune specificity. We synthesized Ras4–12 peptides in which Val at residue 12 was replaced with the more dominant H-2Kd C-terminus anchor residue Leu or Ile. In functional H-2Kd binding assays, Ras4–12(L12 or I12) peptide variants competed more effectively than the Ras4–12(V12) peptide. Ras4–12(L12 or I12) peptide variants enhanced both in vitro cytotoxicity and proliferation responses of anti-Ras4–12 CTL compared with the mutant Ras4–12(V12) peptide. Additionally, the Ras4–12(L12) peptide variant induced a quantitatively greater T cell response in vivo compared with that produced by Ras4–12(V12) as determined by IFN-γ production. Mice immunized with Ras4–12(L12) peptide elicited CD8+ CTL activity specific for target cells presenting the Ras4–12(V12) epitope exogenously and endogenously. Moreover, both anti-Ras4–12(V12)-derived and anti-Ras4–12(L12)-derived CTL lines were similar insofar as their TCR usage and amino acid contact residues in the Ras4–12(V12) peptide. These experiments demonstrate that modifications can be introduced in tumor-specific peptide epitopes to enhance both in vitro and in vivo immunogenicity. The design of oncogene-specific peptide epitope variants as immunogens may accelerate the generation of anti-tumor T cell responses for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Andrew Bristol
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Scott I. Abrams
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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11
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Abstract
T-cells play an important role in in vivo tumor rejection in many animal tumor models and in human melanoma. Many human tumor antigens recognized by autologous T-cells have now been identified. These are found to be nonmutated and mutated peptides derived from various self proteins as well as viral proteins. A variety of mechanisms involved in generating these T-cell epitopes on growing cancers have also been identified. However, the role of these identified antigens remains to be evaluated. Passive or active immunotherapies using these identified tumor antigens are being conducted in many institutions. The results obtained from these clinical trials may give us better insight into the role of T-cell responses to each antigen in tumor rejection as well as the development of new antigen-specific immunotherapies for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kawakami
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1502, USA.
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12
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Jacob L, Somasundaram R, Smith W, Monos D, Basak S, Marincola F, Pereira S, Herlyn D. Cytotoxic T-cell clone against rectal carcinoma induced by stimulation of a patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells with autologous cultured tumor cells. Int J Cancer 1997; 71:325-32. [PMID: 9139862 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19970502)71:3<325::aid-ijc3>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to establish cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against colorectal carcinoma (CRC) by stimulating patients' lymphocytes with autologous tumor cells, we used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a patient with minimal residual rectal carcinoma following removal of the primary lesion and involved regional lymph nodes as a source to generate CTLs in culture. A CTL line and clone were established from the patient's PBMC following stimulation of PBMC with autologous, cultured tumor cells and interleukin-2. The CTL line and the clone consisted predominantly of CD4+ lymphocytes. The CTL clone expressed two T-cell receptor variable alpha chains (V alpha11 and V alpha22) and one beta chain (Vbeta14). The cytokine secretion pattern of the CTL line was of the Th1-type. Both the CTL line and the clone lysed the autologous rectal carcinoma cells, but not the allogeneic, partially human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-matched or nonmatched CRC cells, autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells, K562 (natural killer target) cells or Daudi (lymphokine-activated killer target) cells. Lysis of autologous tumor cells most likely was HLA class I-restricted. Our unique success in generating CTLs against this tumor type may rest in the inclusion of a patient with minimal residual, rather than advanced, disease.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Clone Cells
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- DNA Primers
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Histocompatibility Testing
- Humans
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Rectal Neoplasms/blood
- Rectal Neoplasms/immunology
- Rectal Neoplasms/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jacob
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Gjertsen MK, Saeterdal I, Thorsby E, Gaudernack G. Characterisation of immune responses in pancreatic carcinoma patients after mutant p21 ras peptide vaccination. Br J Cancer 1996; 74:1828-33. [PMID: 8956801 PMCID: PMC2077214 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a study of immune responses generated by mutant ras peptide vaccination of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Responding T cells from one patient were cloned and two CD4+ T-lymphocyte clones (TLC) specific for the 12 Val peptide and restricted by HLA-DR6 or DQ2 were obtained. These class II molecules have not previously been found to bind or present mutant ras peptides to T cells. The DR6-restricted TLC showed marked cytotoxicity against autologous target cells pulsed with the 12 Val peptide. Target cells pulsed with the control peptide were not killed. Responding T cells from another patient showed cross-reactivity towards the homologous ras peptides. Investigation by limiting dilution analysis (LDA) revealed different T-cell precursor frequencies for the immunising, mutant ras peptide (1:28000), compared with the normal ras peptide (1:110000).
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Gjertsen
- Institute of Transplantation Immunology, National Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway
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Affiliation(s)
- T Boon
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
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