CP-82,996, a novel diglycoside polyether antibiotic related to monensin and produced byActinomadura sp

Chemistry and biology of specialized metabolites produced by Actinomadura

Covering: up to the end of 2022In recent years rare Actinobacteria have become increasingly recognised as a rich source of novel bioactive metabolites. Actinomadura are Gram-positive bacteria that occupy a wide range of ecological niches. This review highlights about 230 secondary metabolites produced by Actinomadura spp., reported until the end of 2022, including their bioactivities and selected biosynthetic pathways. Notably, the bioactive compounds produced by Actinomadura spp. demonstrate a wide range of activities, including antimicrobial, antitumor and anticoccidial effects, highlighting their potential in various fields.

Succession of organics metabolic function of bacterial community in swine manure composting

Organics metabolic function of bacterial communities was evaluated in 60 days composting of swine manure and pumice by using MiSeq sequencing, PICRUSt and Biolog tools. The diversity of bacterial communities significantly decreased during the first 10 days, and gradually increased in the cooling and curing phase. The PICRUSt and Biolog analysis indicated that carbohydrate, lipid and amino acids metabolisms were relatively higher in the thermophilic phases. Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, lipid metabolism, terpenoids and polyketides and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites were mainly detected in the curing phases. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that the succession of bacterial community and organics utilization characteristics were highly affected by the temperature, moisture and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) in the swine composting system.

Legacy effects of continuous chloropicrin-fumigation for 3-years on soil microbial community composition and metabolic activity

Chloropicrin is widely used to control ginger wilt in China, which have an enormous impact on soil microbial diversity. However, little is known on the possible legacy effects on soil microbial community composition with continuous fumigation over different years. In this report, we used high throughput Illumina sequencing and Biolog ECO microplates to determine the bacterial community and microbial metabolic activity in ginger harvest fields of non-fumigation (NF), chloropicrin-fumigation for 1 year (F_1) and continuous chloropicrin-fumigation for 3 years (F_3). The results showed that microbial richness and diversity in F_3 were the lowest, while the metabolic activity had no significant difference. With the increase of fumigation years, the incidence of bacterial wilt was decreased, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Saccharibacteria were gradually increased. Using LEfSe analyses, we found that Saccharibacteria was the most prominent biomarker in F_3. Eight genera associated with antibiotic production in F_3 were screened out, of which seven belonged to Actinobacteria, and one belonged to Bacteroidetes. The study indicated that with the increase of fumigation years, soil antibacterial capacity may be increased (possible reason for reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt), and Saccharibacteria played a potential role in evaluating the biological effects of continuous fumigation.

A comprehensive review of glycosylated bacterial natural products

A systematic analysis of all naturally-occurring glycosylated bacterial secondary metabolites reported in the scientific literature up through early 2013 is presented. This comprehensive analysis of 15 940 bacterial natural products revealed 3426 glycosides containing 344 distinct appended carbohydrates and highlights a range of unique opportunities for future biosynthetic study and glycodiversification efforts.

Anticoccidial efficacy and chicken toleration of potent new polyether ionophores. 1. The septamycin relative CP-82,009

The anticoccidial activity of the ionophore CP-82,009 against laboratory isolates of four major species of poultry Eimeria was investigated. Parameters of anticoccidial efficacy that were evaluated were control of lesions and weight suppression. At 4 and 5 ppm, CP-82,009 demonstrated broad-spectrum anticoccidial efficacy in battery trials that was equivalent to reference commercial ionophores. When CP-82,009 was fed to uninfected broiler chickens at efficacious dose levels, growth rate and feed efficiency were found to be equivalent to commercial agents over a 21-day period in batteries and over a 49-day period in floor pens. From the present studies, it appears that CP-82,009 is an efficacious anticoccidial that is well tolerated by chickens, and that it ranks among the most potent anticoccidial ionophores described to date.

Anticoccidial efficacy and chicken toleration of potent new polyether ionophores. 2. The portmicin relative CP-84,657

The current study investigated the anticoccidial activity of the ionophore CP-84,657 against laboratory strains of the five major pathogenic species of Eimeria that infect poultry. Based on lesion scores and weight gain, the ionophore CP-84,657 achieved broad-spectrum anticoccidial efficacy in battery trials at doses of 4 and 5 ppm that was equivalent to reference commercial ionophores. In uninfected chickens, 4 ppm of CP-84,657 was the highest dose that gave growth rate and feed efficiency equivalent to commercial agents over 21 days in batteries and 49 days in floor pens. Ionophore CP-84,657 is an efficacious, well-tolerated anticoccidial in chickens, with potency comparable to that of the most potent known ionophores.