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Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Metastasis: Focus on Laryngeal Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092148. [PMID: 36140250 PMCID: PMC9496235 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelial neoplasms, such as laryngeal carcinoma, the survival indexes deteriorate abruptly when the tumor becomes metastatic. A molecular phenomenon that normally appears during embryogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is reactivated at the initial stage of metastasis when tumor cells invade the adjacent stroma. The hallmarks of this phenomenon are the abolishment of the epithelial and acquisition of mesenchymal traits by tumor cells which enhance their migratory capacity. EMT signaling is mediated by complex molecular pathways that regulate the expression of crucial molecules contributing to the tumor’s metastatic potential. Effectors of EMT include loss of adhesion, cytoskeleton remodeling, evasion of apoptosis and immune surveillance, upregulation of metalloproteinases, neovascularization, acquisition of stem-cell properties, and the activation of tumor stroma. However, the current approach to EMT involves a holistic model that incorporates the acquisition of potentials beyond mesenchymal transition. As EMT is inevitably associated with a reverse mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), a model of partial EMT is currently accepted, signifying the cell plasticity associated with invasion and metastasis. In this review, we identify the cumulative evidence which suggests that various aspects of EMT theory apply to laryngeal carcinoma, a tumor of significant morbidity and mortality, introducing novel molecular targets with prognostic and therapeutic potential.
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Sučić M, Ljubić N, Perković L, Ivanović D, Pažanin L, Sučić Radovanović T, Župnić-Krmek D, Knežević F. Cytopathology and diagnostics of Warthin's tumour. Cytopathology 2021; 31:193-207. [PMID: 32259367 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Warthin's tumour (WT) is a benign epithelial salivary tumour, one type of salivary adenoma. Histologically, WT is structured of two components, epithelial tissue that often lines cystic formations and lymphoid tissue in the tumour stroma. FNA is a reliable diagnostic approach in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions allowing a highly accurate categorization of benign tumour-like lesions, benign tumours and malignant tumours. In the proposed Milan reporting system of salivary gland lesions, WT is categorized in the IVA group of benign neoplasms. Accurate cytological diagnosis is straightforward when three characteristic components are present: oncocytes, either isolated or associated in clusters, lymphocytes and lymphoid cells and often an inflammatory/necrotic-like substance. Also, specific features of scintigraphy and radiological imaging contribute to the diagnosis of WT. WT is categorized according to Seifert G. et al in 4 types, depending on the proportions of the epithelial component and lymphoid stroma. Differential cytopathological and pathohistological diagnosis include other salivary gland lesions with lymphoid, oncocytic epithelial and cystic components. In some cases, such as the metaplastic WT variant, there are additional cytopathological and histological diagnostic difficulties. Moreover, bilateral, multicentric or multiple and infrequently seen extra-salivary localizations of WT are associated with further cytopathological diagnostic difficulties. Also, a rare possibility of malignant transformation of the epithelial or lymphoid component of WT as well as possible association with other primary tumours remains a challenge in accurate cytopathological and histological diagnosis of WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Sučić
- Division of Cytology, Department of Pathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb University, Zagreb, Croatia.,Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb University, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nives Ljubić
- Division of Cytology, Department of Pathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Leila Perković
- Division of Cytology, Department of Pathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Ivanović
- Division of Cytology, Department of Pathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Leo Pažanin
- Ljudevit Jurak Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Dubravka Župnić-Krmek
- Division of Haematology, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fabijan Knežević
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Cytology, Clinical Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Uprety T, Sreenivasan CC, Bhattarai S, Wang D, Kaushik RS, Li F. Isolation and development of bovine primary respiratory cells as model to study influenza D virus infection. Virology 2021; 559:89-99. [PMID: 33862336 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV) is a novel type of influenza virus that infects and causes respiratory illness in bovines. Lack of host-specific in vitro model that can recapitulate morphology and physiology of in vivo airway epithelial cells has impeded the study of IDV infection. Here, we established and characterized bovine primary respiratory epithelial cells from nasal turbinate, soft palate, and trachea of the same calf. All three cell types showed characteristics peculiar of epithelial cells, polarized into apical-basolateral membrane, and formed tight junctions. Furthermore, these cells expressed both α-2,3- and α-2,6-linked sialic acids with α-2,3 linkage being more abundant. IDV strains replicated to high titers in these cells, while influenza A and B viruses exhibited moderate to low titers, with influenza C virus replication not detected. These findings suggest that bovine primary airway epithelial cells can be utilized to model infection biology and pathophysiology of IDV and other respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirth Uprety
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Chithra C Sreenivasan
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Shaurav Bhattarai
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Radhey S Kaushik
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
| | - Feng Li
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
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Combined proteomic and transcriptomic approaches reveal externalized keratin 8 as a potential therapeutic target involved in invasiveness of head and neck cancers. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100878. [PMID: 33010552 PMCID: PMC7530345 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin 8 (K8) expressed at the surface of cancer cells, referred as externalized K8 (eK8), has been observed in a variety of carcinoma cell lines. K8 has been previously reported to be expressed in poorly differentiated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, its role during the invasive phase of upper aerodigestive tract tumorigenesis is unknown. Cohorts of HNSCC tumors for protein and mRNA expression and panel of cell lines were used for investigation. K8 was found to be externalized in a majority of HNSCC cell lines. Among the two main K8 protein isoforms only the 54 kDa was found to be present at the plasma membrane of HNSCC cells. The plasminogen-induced invasion of HNSCC cells was inhibited by the anti-eK8 D-A10 antagonist monoclonal antibody. Overexpression of K8 mRNA and protein were both correlated with tumor aggressive features and poor outcome. The effect of eK8 neutralization on invasion, its presence exclusively in cancer cells and the association of K8 expression with aggressive features and poor clinical outcome in HNSCC unravel eK8 as key player in invasion and a promising therapeutic target in HNSCC.
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Verification of HE-based CTV in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer using pan-cytokeratin. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2018; 12:21-27. [PMID: 30094352 PMCID: PMC6077173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently clinical CTV margins lack evidence and need (histopathological) validation. Tumor outline on HE and pan-cytokeratin staining are comparable for laryngeal cancer. HE-based delineations can be used for histopathology based CTV-margin definition.
Background For accurate target definition, we determined margins for the clinical target volume (CTV) for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer in computed tomography (CT, 4.3 mm), magnetic resonance imaging (MR, 6.1 mm) and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET, 5.2 mm). Previously, we used Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained whole-mount sections of total laryngectomy specimens as gold standard to define CTV margins. In the present study, we verified the HE-based tumor delineation with staining for pan-cytokeratin, specific for squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Twenty-seven patients with a T3/T4 laryngeal hypopharyngeal tumor were included. From each patient, a total laryngectomy specimen was obtained. Four subsequent 3-mm thick slices containing tumor were selected of which 4-µm thick whole-mount sections were obtained and stained with HE and for pan-cytokeratin CK-AE1/3. Tumors were microscopically delineated on both sections by an experienced head-and-neck pathologist. Tumor delineations were compared using the conformity index (CI) and the distance between both contours. Results The CI between HE-based and CK-AE1/3-based tumor delineations was 0.87. The maximum and 95th percentile (p95) extent of the HE-based tumor delineations from the CK-AE1/3-based tumor delineations were 1.7 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively. The maximum and p95 extent of the CK-AE1/3-based tumor delineations from the HE-based tumor delineations was 1.9 mm and 0.8 mm, respectively. Conclusions Histopathological assessment of tumor outline on standard HE-stained sections is comparable to microscopic tumor extent based on squamous cell specific pan-cytokeratin staining. Therefore, CTV margins based on HE based tumor contour will be adequate.
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Key Words
- CI, conformity index
- CK-AE1/3, cytokeratin AE1/3 antibodies
- CT, computed tomography
- CTV, clinical target volume
- DAB, diaminobenzidine
- FDG-PET, fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography
- GTV, gross tumor volume
- HE
- HE, hematoxylin-eosin
- HIER, heat-induced epitope retrieval
- Head and neck
- Histopathology
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- Pan-cytokeratin
- SCC, squamous cell carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- TLE, total laryngectomy
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- Target definition
- p95, 95th percentile
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Klobučar M, Sedić M, Gehrig P, Grossmann J, Bilić M, Kovač-Bilić L, Pavelić K, Kraljević Pavelić S. Basement membrane protein ladinin-1 and the MIF-CD44-β1 integrin signaling axis are implicated in laryngeal cancer metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1938-54. [PMID: 27460703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the most common form of malignant disease in the head and neck region characterized by frequent occurrence of metastases in the neck lymph nodes early in the disease onset. In the presented study, we performed quantitative proteomic profiling of patient-matched primary tumor and adjacent non-tumorous tissues derived from metastatic LSCC as to identify new protein candidates with potential diagnostic and therapeutic significance. Obtained results revealed for the first time involvement of the basement membrane protein ladinin-1 in laryngeal cancer metastases. Alterations in the cellular microenvironment that propel metastatic events in laryngeal cancer include activation of MIF-CD44-β1 integrin signal transduction pathway and induction of downstream signaling mediated by NF-κB and Src tyrosine kinase, which ultimately impinge on cytoskeletal dynamics and architecture resulting in increased cellular motility and invasiveness. In this context, particularly interesting finding is upregulation of several actin-binding proteins novel to laryngeal cancer pathogenesis including coronin-1C and plastin-2, whose functional significance in laryngeal carcinogenesis has yet to be established. We also detected for the first time a complete loss of afamin in metastatic laryngeal cancer tissues, which warrants further studies into its use as a possible marker for monitoring disease progression and/or treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Klobučar
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-throughput Technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mirela Sedić
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-throughput Technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Peter Gehrig
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zürich, University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Bilić
- University Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lana Kovač-Bilić
- University Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Kišpatićeva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krešimir Pavelić
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-throughput Technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Centre for High-throughput Technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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Cohen-Kerem R, Madah W, Sabo E, Rahat MA, Greenberg E, Elmalah I. Cytokeratin-17 as a Potential Marker for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2016; 113:821-7. [PMID: 15535145 DOI: 10.1177/000348940411301008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To assess cytokeratin-17 (CK17) as an immunohistochemical marker for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, we stained 63 tissue samples from 63 consecutive patients who were believed or suspected to have squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx for CK17 and analyzed them by computerized histomorphometry. The mean staining intensity for CK17 was significantly stronger (p < .01) in cancerous cells, dysplasia, and normal epithelium proximal to the tumor than in distal normal epithelium and polyps. The percentage of stained area, within samples taken from a single patient, was significantly higher in malignancy and dysplasia as compared to distal normal epithelium and in malignancy as compared to dysplasia and proximal normal epithelium (p < .001). The integrated optical density was significantly higher in the malignant epithelium, dysplasia, polyps, and proximal normal epithelium than in distal normal epithelium (p < .0001). We conclude that CK17 is a highly sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for premalignant and malignant transformation in the larynx. Further investigation is warranted in order to assess the role of CK17 in determining safe resection borders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raanan Cohen-Kerem
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Carmel Medical Center, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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8
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Clinicopathological Significance of Vimentin and Cytokeratin Protein in the Genesis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Cervix. Obstet Gynecol Int 2016; 2016:8790120. [PMID: 27190522 PMCID: PMC4848446 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8790120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the commonest types of cancers worldwide especially in developing countries. Intermediate filaments protein family has shown a role in the diagnosis of various cancers, but a few studies are available about the vimentin and cytokeratin roles in the cervical cancer. This case control study aimed to interpret the expression of vimentin and cytokeratin proteins in the development and progression of cervical cancer and its correlation with clinicopathological features. The cytoplasmic expression of vimentin was observed in 40% of cases, but not in inflammatory lesions of cervix. It was noticed that vimentin expression was increasing significantly with high grade of the tumour. Cytokeratin expression was observed in 48.33% and it was noticed that the expression was 62.5% in well differentiated (G1), 45% in moderately differentiated (G2), and 41.66% in poorly differentiated carcinoma, yet statistically insignificant. The expression of vimentin and cytokeratin proteins was not significantly associated with age groups. The current findings concluded a possible role of vimentin in the development and progression of cervical cancer and vimentin marker will be useful in the diagnosis and grading of cervical cancer.
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9
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Dowdall JR, Sadow PM, Hartnick C, Vinarsky V, Mou H, Zhao R, Song PC, Franco RA, Rajagopal J. Identification of distinct layers within the stratified squamous epithelium of the adult human true vocal fold. Laryngoscope 2015; 125:E313-9. [PMID: 25988619 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS A precise molecular schema for classifying the different cell types of the normal human vocal fold epithelium is lacking. We hypothesize that the true vocal fold epithelium has a cellular architecture and organization similar to that of other stratified squamous epithelia including the skin, cornea, oral mucosa, and esophagus. In analogy to disorders of the skin and gastrointestinal tract, a molecular definition of the normal cell types within the human vocal fold epithelium and a description of their geometric relationships should serve as a foundation for characterizing cellular changes associated with metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer. STUDY DESIGN Qualitative study with adult human larynges. METHODS Histologic sections of normal human laryngeal tissue were analyzed for morphology (hematoxylin and eosin) and immunohistochemical protein expression profile, including cytokeratins (CK13 and CK14), cornified envelope proteins (involucrin), basal cells (NGFR/p75), and proliferation markers (Ki67). RESULTS We demonstrated that three distinct cell strata with unique marker profiles are present within the stratified squamous epithelium of the true vocal fold. We used these definitions to establish that cell proliferation is restricted to certain cell types and layers within the epithelium. These distinct cell types are reproducible across five normal adult larynges. CONCLUSION We have established that three layers of cells are present within the normal adult stratified squamous epithelium of the true vocal fold. Furthermore, replicating cell populations are largely restricted to the parabasal strata within the epithelium. This delineation of distinct cell populations will facilitate future studies of vocal fold regeneration and cancer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme R Dowdall
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School.,Center for Regenerative Medicine.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
| | - Peter M Sadow
- Departments of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
| | - Christopher Hartnick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
| | - Vladimir Vinarsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | | | - Rui Zhao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine
| | - Phillip C Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
| | - Ramon A Franco
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School.,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School.,Center for Regenerative Medicine.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A
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Cevatemre B, Ulukaya E, Sarimahmut M, Oral AY, Frame FM. The M30 assay does not detect apoptosis in epithelial-derived cancer cells expressing low levels of cytokeratin 18. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6857-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Zhang XH, Liang X, Liang XH, Wang TS, Qi QR, Deng WB, Sha AG, Yang ZM. The mesenchymal-epithelial transition during in vitro decidualization. Reprod Sci 2013; 20:354-60. [PMID: 23302397 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112472738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition plays a critical role in embryonic development, cancer progression, and metastasis. Decidualization is the process by which the fibroblast-like endometrial stromal cells differentiate into polygonal epithelial-like cells. However, it is still unclear whether mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) occurs during decidualization. The aim of this study was to examine whether decidualization causes the downregulation of some mesenchymal markers and upregulation of some epithelial markers in cultured uterine stromal cells. We showed that decidualization causes the downregulation of snail and vimentin expression, and upregulation of E-cadherin and cytokeratin expression. During in vitro decidualization, cultured stromal cells lose elongated shape and show epithelium-like characteristics. Our data suggest that the process of MET may exist during decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hong Zhang
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
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Fulton A, Arzi B, Murphy B, Naydan DK, Verstraete FJM. The expression of calretinin and cytokeratins in canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 12:258-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2012.00356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Fulton
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - B. Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - B. Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - D. K. Naydan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - F. J. M. Verstraete
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
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13
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Debelec-Butuner B, Alapinar C, Varisli L, Erbaykent-Tepedelen B, Hamid SM, Gonen-Korkmaz C, Korkmaz KS. Inflammation-mediated abrogation of androgen signaling: an in vitro model of prostate cell inflammation. Mol Carcinog 2012; 53:85-97. [PMID: 22911881 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As a link between inflammation and cancer has been reported in many studies, we established an in vitro model of prostatic inflammation to investigate the loss of androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling in androgen responsive prostate cell lines. First, the U937 monocyte cell line was differentiated into macrophages using phorbol acetate (PMA), and cells were induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for cytokine secretion. Next, the cytokine levels (TNFα, IL-6, and IL1β) in conditioned media (CM) were analyzed. Prostate cells were then fed with CM containing varying concentrations of TNFα, and IkB degradation, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) translocation and transactivation, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) were then assessed. As a result of CM treatment, ubiquitin-mediated AR degradation, which was restored using anti-TNFα antibody neutralization, led to both a decrease in KLK4, PSA, and NKX3.1 expression levels and the upregulation of GPX2. In addition to the loss of AR, acute and chronic CM exposure resulted in p53 degradation and consequent p21 downregulation, which was also restored by either androgen administration or ectopic NKX3.1 expression via the stabilization of MDM2 levels in LNCaP cells. Additionally, CM treatment enhanced H2AX((S139)) phosphorylation (a hallmark of DNA damage) and genetic heterogeneity in the absence of androgens in prostate cells without activating mitochondrial apoptosis. Thus, the data suggest that inflammatory cytokine exposure results in the loss of AR and p53 signaling in prostate cells and facilitates genetic heterogeneity via ROS accumulation to promote prostate carcinogenesis.
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Dalley AJ, AbdulMajeed AA, Upton Z, Farah CS. Organotypic culture of normal, dysplastic and squamous cell carcinoma-derived oral cell lines reveals loss of spatial regulation of CD44 and p75 NTR in malignancy. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 42:37-46. [PMID: 22643025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) often arise from dysplastic lesions. The role of cancer stem cells in tumour initiation is widely accepted, yet the potential existence of pre-cancerous stem cells in dysplastic tissue has received little attention. Cell lines from oral diseases ranging in severity from dysplasia to malignancy provide opportunity to investigate the involvement of stem cells in malignant progression from dysplasia. Stem cells are functionally defined by their ability to generate hierarchical tissue structures in consortium with spatial regulation. Organotypic cultures readily display tissue hierarchy in vitro; hence, in this study, we compared hierarchical expression of stem cell-associated markers in dermis-based organotypic cultures of oral epithelial cells from normal tissue (OKF6-TERT2), mild dysplasia (DOK), severe dysplasia (POE-9n) and OSCC (PE/CA P J15). Expression of CD44, p75(NTR), CD24 and ALDH was studied in monolayers by flow cytometry and in organotypic cultures by immunohistochemistry. Spatial regulation of CD44 and p75(NTR) was evident for organotypic cultures of normal (OKF6-TERT2) and dysplasia (DOK and POE-9n) but was lacking for OSCC (PE/CA PJ15)-derived cells. Spatial regulation of CD24 was not evident. All monolayer cultures exhibited CD44, p75(NTR), CD24 antigens and ALDH activity (ALDEFLUOR(®) assay), with a trend towards loss of population heterogeneity that mirrored disease severity. In monolayer, increased FOXA1 and decreased FOXA2 expression correlated with disease severity, but OCT3/4, Sox2 and NANOG did not. We conclude that dermis-based organotypic cultures give opportunity to investigate the mechanisms that underlie loss of spatial regulation of stem cell markers seen with OSCC-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Dalley
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia
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15
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Jain MR, Liu T, Hu J, Darfler M, Fitzhugh V, Rinaggio J, Li H. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded Oral HPV Lesions from HIV Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 1:40-45. [PMID: 19081750 DOI: 10.2174/1875039700801010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with dysplastic changes in oral human papilloma virus (HPV) lesions, suggesting changes in keratinocytes. In the present study, we seek to identify proteomic changes in oral HPV lesions between HIV(+) and HIV(-) patients. While fresh tissues represent the most desirable samples for proteomic investigations, they are often difficult to obtain in large numbers under clinical settings. We therefore have developed a new method to identify protein changes in formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) oral HPV lesions utilizing iTRAQ™ technology in conjunction with Liquid Tissue® sample preparation method. Using this method, we identified nine proteins that were differentially expressed in oral HPV lesions as a result of HIV infection. The quantitative proteomic method presented here will be valuable for others who plan to analyze FFPE tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Raja Jain
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103
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16
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Cury PR, Furuse C, de Araújo NS, de Araújo VC. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 expression and activation is dysregulated in actinic cheilitis. J Cutan Pathol 2007; 34:606-11. [PMID: 17640230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2006.00668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study evaluates the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) expression and activation in actinic cheilitis (AC) and the relationship of this protein with the degree of epithelial dysplasia. METHODS Twenty-five cases of AC were analyzed. Normal lip mucosa was used as a control group. AC lesions were graded as mild, moderate and severe dysplasias. Immunohistochemistry for STAT-3 and phospho-STAT-3 (STAT-3P) was performed using the biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase method, and the sections were evaluated by three blinded examiners. RESULTS In normal lip mucosa, only cytoplasmic expression of STAT-3 was observed in the basal and parabasal layers. In AC, STAT-3 was expressed in the cell cytoplasm of the epithelial layers, except in the superficial layer. Nuclear expression of STAT-3 in occasional basal and parabasal cells was seen in moderate and severe dysplasias. In normal lip mucosa, nuclear expression of STAT-3P was found throughout the epithelium, except in the superficial layers, and it was more intense in the deeper layers. In AC, STAT-3P was also expressed in all layers, except for the superficial layer. However, in moderate and severe dysplasias, some epithelial cells exhibited loss of STAT-3P expression. CONCLUSION In AC, STAT-3 expression depends on the degree of dysplasia, and STAT-3 activation is dysregulated compared with normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Cury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Rua Abolição, 1827 Ponte Preta, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13045-610 Brazil
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17
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Foster KW, Liu Z, Nail CD, Li X, Fitzgerald TJ, Bailey SK, Frost AR, Louro ID, Townes TM, Paterson AJ, Kudlow JE, Lobo-Ruppert SM, Ruppert JM. Induction of KLF4 in basal keratinocytes blocks the proliferation-differentiation switch and initiates squamous epithelial dysplasia. Oncogene 2005; 24:1491-500. [PMID: 15674344 PMCID: PMC1361530 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
KLF4/GKLF normally functions in differentiating epithelial cells, but also acts as a transforming oncogene in vitro. To examine the role of this zinc finger protein in skin, we expressed the wild-type human allele from inducible and constitutive promoters. When induced in basal keratinocytes, KLF4 rapidly abolished the distinctive properties of basal and parabasal epithelial cells. KLF4 caused a transitory apoptotic response and the skin progressed through phases of hyperplasia and dysplasia. By 6 weeks, lesions exhibited nuclear KLF4 and other morphologic and molecular similarities to squamous cell carcinoma in situ. p53 determined the patch size sufficient to establish lesions, as induction in a mosaic pattern produced skin lesions only when p53 was deficient. Compared with p53 wild-type animals, p53 hemizygous animals had early onset of lesions and a pronounced fibrovascular response that included outgrowth of subcutaneous sarcoma. A KLF4-estrogen receptor fusion protein showed tamoxifen-dependent nuclear localization and conditional transformation in vitro. The results suggest that KLF4 can function in the nucleus to induce squamous epithelial dysplasia, and indicate roles for p53 and epithelial-mesenchymal signaling in these early neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xingnan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
| | | | | | - Andra R. Frost
- Department of Pathology University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | | | | | | | | | | | - J. Michael Ruppert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics
- Department of Cell Biology
- Department of Medicine
- Correspondence: Department of Medicine, Room 570 WTI, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294-3300. Phone: (205) 975-0556; Fax: (205) 934-9511;
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18
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Smith SL, Gugger M, Hoban P, Ratschiller D, Watson SG, Field JK, Betticher DC, Heighway J. S100A2 is strongly expressed in airway basal cells, preneoplastic bronchial lesions and primary non-small cell lung carcinomas. Br J Cancer 2004; 91:1515-24. [PMID: 15467767 PMCID: PMC2409919 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A2 gene products were shown to be frequently and dramatically over-represented in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lesions over normal tissue by microarray analysis. We have now analysed an independent series of NSCLC tumours and multiple matched normal bronchial epithelial sites by RT–PCR and immunohistochemistry to investigate: whether this expression pattern can be confirmed and whether elevated expression is associated with tumour histology, clinical outcome or preneoplasia. In this second series, S100A2 was strongly expressed in 76% (35 out of 46) of tumours, more frequently in squamous cell than adenocarcinomas (P<0.002). This strong expression was not related to high-level gene amplification, but was associated in one of five informative cases with an allele-specific imbalance in transcript levels. Most tumours strongly expressed the ΔNp63 transcript, the product of which is a putative regulator of S100A2 transcription and while all but one of the tumours positive for ΔNp63 expressed S100A2, others negative for this regulator also expressed the gene. Contrary to the hypothesis that S100A2 is a tumour suppressor, no somatic mutations were identified in the coding sequence in 44 tumours. Furthermore, an examination of multiple tumour-free epithelial sites from 20 patients showed that strong expression was often associated with increasing levels of disorder in preinvasive bronchial lesions (P<0.0001).
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Allelic Imbalance
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Bronchi/metabolism
- Bronchi/pathology
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Chemotactic Factors/genetics
- Chemotactic Factors/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Basal Cell/genetics
- Neoplasms, Basal Cell/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Basal Cell/pathology
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/pathology
- S100 Proteins/genetics
- S100 Proteins/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Smith
- Gene Function Group, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Programme (Clinical Dental Sciences), University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, 200 London Road, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
| | - M Gugger
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Hoban
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University School of Medicine, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK
| | - D Ratschiller
- Institute of Medical Oncology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - S G Watson
- Gene Function Group, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Programme (Clinical Dental Sciences), University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, 200 London Road, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
| | - J K Field
- Gene Function Group, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Programme (Clinical Dental Sciences), University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, 200 London Road, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
| | - D C Betticher
- Institute of Medical Oncology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Heighway
- Gene Function Group, Roy Castle Lung Cancer Programme (Clinical Dental Sciences), University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, 200 London Road, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
- Roy Castle International Centre for Lung Cancer Research, University of Liverpool Cancer Research Centre, 200 London Road, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK. E-mail:
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19
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dos Santos JN, de Sousa SOM, Nunes FD, Sotto MN, de Araújo VC. Altered cytokeratin expression in actinic cheilitis. J Cutan Pathol 2003; 30:237-41. [PMID: 12680953 DOI: 10.1046/j.0303-6987.2002.028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a widely recognized precancerous lesion of the lip. Varying degrees of epithelial dysplasia may be present. However, no studies have correlated epithelial changes with cytokeratin expression that might reflect the disordered maturation that is probably occurring. METHODS Thirty-four cases diagnosed as AC were classified according to dysplasia degree, and submitted to immunohistochemical staining for the detection of cytokeratins (CKs) 7, 8, 13, 14, 16 and 19. Normal mucosa adjacent to the lesions was also evaluated. RESULTS The results obtained showed that CK10 immunostained only superficial keratinized epithelial layers in 11 cases, and also intermediate spinous layers in 18 cases. Cytokeratin 14 was expressed in all epithelial layers of 31 cases, in two cases its expression was in the basal and intermediate layers, and one case was negative. Cytokeratin 13 immunostained 26 cases and was negative in eight cases. In these eight cases, CK13 was apparently replaced by CK16. Cytokeratin 16, besides these eight cases, was also expressed in the spinous intermediate layers of a further eight cases. The remaining CKs tested were all negative. No relation between the degree of dysplasia and the CK expression was noted. CONCLUSIONS Cytokeratin expression in AC is different from that of normal oral mucosa, and is not related to the degree of dysplasia.
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20
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Cohen-Kerem R, Lahat N, Elmalah I, Greenberg E, Resnick MB, Doweck I, Rahat MA. Detection of cytokeratins in normal and malignant laryngeal epithelia by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2002; 111:149-54. [PMID: 11860067 DOI: 10.1177/000348940211100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokeratins (CKs) are a subgroup of intermediate filament proteins that take part in forming the cytoskeleton. The epithelial cells in different organs express distinct CKs, and this expression may be modified during malignant transformation. Here we describe the use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction followed by Southern blotting to determine the profile of expression of CKs in both normal and malignant laryngeal samples. Thirty-six samples were subjected to histologic examination and classified as 17 squamous cell carcinomas, 3 dysplastic lesions, and 16 normal samples. CK8 and CK19 were expressed in almost all samples, both cancerous and normal, and were therefore used to verify the integrity of RNA. Expression of CK2, CK9, and CK20 was not detected in any of the samples, normal or cancerous. CK15 and CK18 showed low sensitivity for detection of cancer (36.4% and 45.5%, respectively). CK10 showed relatively high sensitivity (91%), but only moderate specificity (69.2%). Only CK17 showed both high sensitivity and specificity (91% and 92.3%, respectively; positive predictive value, 91%). We propose that CK17 may be considered a promising candidate to use as a molecular marker for malignant transformation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raanan Cohen-Kerem
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa
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21
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Cerimele F, Curreli F, Ely S, Friedman-Kien AE, Cesarman E, Flore O. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus can productively infect primary human keratinocytes and alter their growth properties. J Virol 2001; 75:2435-43. [PMID: 11160746 PMCID: PMC114826 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.5.2435-2443.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the presence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8) DNA in endothelial cells, in keratinocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis overlying plaque-stage nodular lesions of cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and in the epithelial cells of eccrine glands within KS lesions. We infected primary cell cultures of human keratinocytes with KSHV/HHV8. At 6 days post infection, transcription of viral genes was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), and protein expression was documented by an immunofluorescence assay with an anti-LANA monoclonal antibody. To determine whether the viral lytic cycle was inducible by chemical treatment, KSHV/HHV8-infected keratinocytes were treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and RT-PCR was performed to confirm the transcription of lytic genes such as open reading frame 26, (which encodes a capsid protein). Finally, to assess infectious viral production, other primary human cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells), were infected with concentrated supernatant of KSHV-infected, TPA-induced keratinocytes and the presence of viral transcripts was confirmed by RT-PCR. The uninfected keratinocytes senesced 3 to 5 weeks after mock infection, while the KSHV/HHV8-infected keratinocytes continued to proliferate and to date are still in culture. However, 8 weeks after infection, viral genomes were no longer detectable by nested PCR. Although the previously KSHV/HHV8-infected keratinocytes still expressed epithelial markers, they acquired new characteristics such as contact inhibition loss, telomerase activity, anchorage-independent growth, and changes in cytokine production. These results show that KSHV/HHV8, like other herpesviruses, can infect and replicate in epithelial cells in vitro and suggest that in vivo these cells may play a significant role in the establishment of KSHV/HHV8 infection and viral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cerimele
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
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22
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Verrills NM, Harry JH, Walsh BJ, Hains PG, Robinson ES. Cross-matching marsupial proteins with eutherian mammal databases: proteome analysis of cells from UV-induced skin tumours of an opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Electrophoresis 2000; 21:3810-22. [PMID: 11271499 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200011)21:17<3810::aid-elps3810>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The identification and characterisation of Monodelphis proteins has required cross-species analysis. Protein expression was investigated in normal, nonirradiated adult fibroblasts and also in fibroblastic cells from a benign cutaneous tumour after chronic ultraviolet (UVB) exposure and a metastatic cutaneous tumour after intermittent exposure. Proteins were separated and visualised by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) and a peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) was obtained for protein spots using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDITOF-MS). Cross-species PMF database analysis facilitated the identification of 120 proteins, constituting 46.5% of the proteins analysed. The identification of two proteins was confirmed by internal amino acid sequencing using tandem MS. Differential protein expression was observed between normal fibroblasts and those in tumours chronically or intermittently exposed. A number of tropomyosin and vimentin isoforms were expressed only in cells from the metastatic tumour induced by intermittent exposure to UV radiation. These results highlight the value of cross-species PMF analysis for the rapid characterisation of proteins from a poorly defined species and also show how proteomics can be used to detect changes in protein expression in differentially treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Verrills
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney.
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23
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Lauriola L, Michetti F, Maggiano N, Galli J, Cadoni G, Schäfer BW, Heizmann CW, Ranelletti FO. Prognostic significance of the Ca(2+) binding protein S100A2 in laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2000. [PMID: 10956408 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000720)89:4%3c345::aid-ijc5%3e3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigated by immunocytochemistry the expression of the Ca(2+) binding protein S100A2 in 62 cases of laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC). S100A2 was detected in 18/19 (95%) low-grade tumors and in 22/43 (51%) high-grade tumors, which were partially keratinizing. The remaining 21/43 (49%) high-grade tumors were non-keratinizing, anaplastic tumors and clearly S100A2-negative. In normal laryngeal squamous epithelium and in laryngeal SCC, S100A2 expression was strictly associated with that of cytokeratins 14 (P = 0.0002) and 17 (P = 0.0021), suggesting an association of S100A2 expression and cell commitment to squamous differentiation. A correlation was found between S100A2 tumor positivity and longer relapse-free (P = 0.0005) and overall (P = 0.0095) survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lauriola
- Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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24
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Lauriola L, Michetti F, Maggiano N, Galli J, Cadoni G, Schäfer BW, Heizmann CW, Ranelletti FO. Prognostic significance of the Ca(2+) binding protein S100A2 in laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2000; 89:345-9. [PMID: 10956408 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(20000720)89:4<345::aid-ijc5>3.0.co;2-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated by immunocytochemistry the expression of the Ca(2+) binding protein S100A2 in 62 cases of laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC). S100A2 was detected in 18/19 (95%) low-grade tumors and in 22/43 (51%) high-grade tumors, which were partially keratinizing. The remaining 21/43 (49%) high-grade tumors were non-keratinizing, anaplastic tumors and clearly S100A2-negative. In normal laryngeal squamous epithelium and in laryngeal SCC, S100A2 expression was strictly associated with that of cytokeratins 14 (P = 0.0002) and 17 (P = 0.0021), suggesting an association of S100A2 expression and cell commitment to squamous differentiation. A correlation was found between S100A2 tumor positivity and longer relapse-free (P = 0.0005) and overall (P = 0.0095) survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lauriola
- Institute of Pathology, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Ebert AD, Wechselberger C, Nees M, Clair T, Schaller G, Martinez-Lacaci I, Wallace-Jones B, Bianco C, Weitzel HK, Salomon DS. Cripto-1-induced increase in vimentin expression is associated with enhanced migration of human Caski cervical carcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2000; 257:223-9. [PMID: 10854071 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2000.4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cripto-1 (CR-1), a member of the EGF-CFC peptide family, plays an essential role during mesoderm formation in vertebrates as well as in cancer development. Using cDNA gene expression array, Western blot, and indirect immunofluorescence, an increase in vimentin expression was demonstrated in CR-1-transfected human Caski cervical carcinoma cells compared to control vector-transfected cells. In parental Caski cells, recombinant CR-1 induced a dose-dependent increase of vimentin protein expression within 24 h. Since vimentin expression has been demonstrated to correlate with a more aggressive phenotype in human cervical cancer, the migration capacity of CR-1-transfected or CR-1-treated Caski cells was studied in the Boyden chamber assay. Compared to the vector-transfected or untreated Caski cells, CR-1-transfected cells or cells treated with recombinant CR-1 exhibit enhanced migration, both through collagen- and through gelatin-coated membranes. Additionally, CR-1 can function as a chemoattractant for Caski cells. These findings are of biological significance since CR-1 is overexpressed in several types of human carcinomas. The present data demonstrate that CR-1 can increase vimentin expression and modulate migration in human cervical carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Ebert
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Tumor Growth Factor Section, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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