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Verhoeven HA, Ramulu KS, Gilissen LJW, Famelaer I, Dijkhuis P, Blaas J. Partial genome transfer through micronuclei in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1991.tb01518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Verhoeven
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - K. Sree Ramulu
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - L. J. W. Gilissen
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - I. Famelaer
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - P. Dijkhuis
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - J. Blaas
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
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Roy K, Chiao JH, Spengler BA, Tolner B, Yang CH, Biedler JL, Sirotnak FM. Chromosomal localization of the murine RFC-1 gene encoding a folate transporter and its amplification in an antifolate resistant variant overproducing the transporter. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1998; 105:29-38. [PMID: 9689927 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(98)00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A variant of the L1210 cell (L1210/R83) selected in the presence of the lipophilic antifolate, metoprine, and a concentration of the natural diastereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, lL5CHO-folateH4, suboptimum for growth exhibited a 35-fold increase compared to parental L1210 cells in one-carbon, reduced folate transport. This was evidenced by the increase in Vmax for [3H]MTX (methotrexate) influx and a commensurate increase in the amount of the 46 kilodalton (kDa) transport protein and reduced folate carrier (RFC-1) mRNA. The variant is resistant to lipophilic antifolates, but shows collateral sensitivity to classical folate analogues. Karyotype analysis of L1210/R83 cells revealed the presence of several new chromosome abnormalities. One of these was a large, submetacentric marker chromosome comprising a normal #10 and a longer, abnormally banded arm of uncertain origin which exhibited an interstitial, palely staining, HSR-like segment. The results of Southern and Northern blotting showed that the RFC-1 gene copy number and RNA transcript level were markedly increased (30-35 fold) in L1210/R83 cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed that the HSR-like segment in these cells was the site of amplified RFC-1 genes. Independent revertant subclones, obtained following growth in the absence of selection pressure, showed four- to 12-fold decreases in [3H]MTX influx Vmax and in amount of NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide)-[3H]MTX affinity labeled one-carbon, reduced folate transporter compared to L1210/R83 cells. RFC-1 gene copy number also decreased, and the mean length of the HSR in these revertants declined 1.6- to 5-fold. Based upon genomic nucleotide sequencing, the RFC-1 gene in the normal mouse genome was localized to chromosome 10 in close association with the alpha 1 (Col18a1) collagen gene at 10B3(locus 41cM). The close association of these genes was confirmed by other data showing that the alpha 1 collagen gene was co-amplified in L1210/R83 cells. These results document the amplification at the site of a putative HSR in an L1210 cell variant of the RFC-1 gene regulating expression of the one-carbon, reduced folate transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Roy
- Program in Cell Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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Triggs-Raine BL, Benoit G, Salo TJ, Trasler JM, Gravel RA. Characterization of the murine beta-hexosaminidase (HEXB) gene. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1227:79-86. [PMID: 7918686 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(94)90110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The murine HEXB gene, encoding the beta-subunit of the lysosomal hydrolase, beta-hexosaminidase, was isolated from a mouse cosmid library as a single cosmid clone. The entire gene spans 22 kb, considerably less than the 40 kb spanned by its human counterpart. It is highly homologous to the human gene. The 14 intron-exon junctions are entirely conserved, although the intron sequences diverge rapidly. Upstream of the coding region, a 1.3 kb segment was sequenced and shown to function as a promoter when fused with a reporter gene and expressed in monkey COS-7 cells. A short sequence (100 bp), near the start of the coding region, exhibits strong homology to the human HEXB promoter. Analysis of the tissue distribution of the HEXB mRNA in 129/Sv male mice revealed up to 28-fold tissue-specific variations in transcript levels. The kidney and the epididymis had the highest mRNA levels consistent with past surveys of enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Triggs-Raine
- McGill University-Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada
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Schafer AJ, Bulla GA, Fournier RE. Tissue-specific extinguisher loci in the murine genome: a screening study based on a rat/mouse microcell hybrid panel. SOMATIC CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 1994; 20:195-213. [PMID: 7940021 DOI: 10.1007/bf02254760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Extinction of tissue-specific traits in intertypic somatic cell hybrids is a well-known phenomenon. In the past few years, microcell hybrids have been used in attempts to dissect this phenotype genetically, and tissue-specific extinguisher loci have been mapped to two different mouse chromosomes. When transferred from fibroblast into hepatoma cells by microcell fusion, these loci down-regulate expression of specific liver genes in trans. However, other liver genes that are extinguished in genotypically complete hybrids seem not to be extinguished in monochromosomal hybrids. To assess the generality of monochromosomal extinction phenotypes, we assembled a collection of rat hepatoma/mouse fibroblast microcell hybrids that represent most of the mouse chromosome complement, and we screened them for expression of a large number of liver-specific genes. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression was down-regulated in hybrids containing mouse chromosome 7 or mouse chromosome 11, but other extinction phenotypes were not readily apparent. These results indicate that extinction of many liver genes may be a polygenic trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Schafer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98104
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O'Brien SJ, Womack JE, Lyons LA, Moore KJ, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG. Anchored reference loci for comparative genome mapping in mammals. Nat Genet 1993; 3:103-12. [PMID: 8499943 DOI: 10.1038/ng0293-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in gene mapping technologies have led to increased emphasis in developing representative genetic maps for several species, particularly domestic plants and animals. These maps are being compiled with two distinct goals: to provide a resource for genetic analysis, and to help dissect the evolution of genome organization by comparing linkage relationships of homologous genes. We propose here a list of 321 reference anchor loci suitable for comparative gene mapping in mammals and other vertebrate classes. We selected cloned mouse and human functional genes spaced an average of 5-10 centiMorgans throughout their respective genomes. We also attempted to include loci that are evolutionarily conserved and represented in comparative gene maps in other mammalian orders, particularly cattle and the domestic cat. We believe that the map may provide the basis for a unified approach to comparative analysis of mammalian species genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J O'Brien
- Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201
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6
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Neutral glycolipid abnormalities in at-complex mutant mouse embryo. Biochem Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/pl00020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
The content of neutral glycolipids was studied in normal and twl/twl mutant mouse embryos at embryonic day 11 (E-11). The twl mutation is part of the T/t complex on chromosome 17 and causes embryonic lethality from defects in the developing neural tube. Previous studies suggested that the mutation could involve a defect in ganglioside biosynthesis. Although the total neutral glycolipid content was similar in the normal and mutant whole embryos (approximately 80 nmol glucose/100 mg dry weight), marked differences were detected for the distribution of specific glycolipids. The content of lactosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide, and globotetraosylceramide was significantly higher in the mutant than in the normal embryos, whereas that of glucosylceramide was significantly reduced. The Forssman glycolipid was slightly elevated. The neutral glycolipid composition was similar in embryonic head and body regions of normal embryos, suggesting that the glycolipid abnormalities observed in the mutants are expressed in most embryonic cells and tissues. These and the previously reported ganglioside abnormalities in the twl/twl mutants could result from an inherited defect in glycolipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Seyfried
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167
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Nadeau JH, Davisson MT, Doolittle DP, Grant P, Hillyard AL, Kosowsky MR, Roderick TH. Comparative map for mice and humans. Mamm Genome 1992; 3:480-536. [PMID: 1392257 DOI: 10.1007/bf00778825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Nadeau
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Justice
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, ABL-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702
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Holcombe RF, Stephenson DA, Zweidler A, Stewart RM, Chapman VM, Seidman JG. Linkage of loci associated with two pigment mutations on mouse chromosome 13. Genet Res (Camb) 1991; 58:41-50. [PMID: 1682216 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672300029591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Progeny from one intra- and two inter-specific backcrosses between divergent strains of mice were typed to map multiple markers in relation to two pigment mutations on mouse chromosome 13, beige (bg) and pearl (pe). Both recessive mutants on a C57BL/6J background were crossed separately with laboratory strain PAC (M. domesticus) and the partially inbred M. musculus stock PWK. The intra- and inter-specific F1 hybrids were backcrossed to the C57BL/6J parental strain and DNA was prepared from progeny. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used to follow the segregation of alleles in the backcross offspring at loci identified with molecular probes. The linkage analysis defines the association between the bg and pe loci and the loci for the T-cell receptor gamma-chain gene (Tcrg), the spermatocyte specific histone gene (Hist1), the prolactin gene (Prl), the Friend murine leukaemia virus integration site 1 (Fim-1), the murine Hanukuh Factor gene (Muhf/Ctla-3) and the dihydrofolate reductase gene (Dhfr). This data confirms results of prior chromosomal mapping studies utilizing bg as an anchor locus, and provides previously unreported information defining the localization of the prolactin gene on mouse chromosome 13. The relationship of multiple loci in relation to pe is similarly defined. These results may help facilitate localization of the genes responsible for two human syndromes homologous with bg and pe, Chediak-Higashi syndrome and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Southern
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Crosses, Genetic
- Female
- Genetic Linkage
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mutation
- Pigments, Biological/genetics
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Recombination, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Holcombe
- Department of Medicine, LSU Medical Center, Shreveport 71130
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Nadeau JH, Davisson MT, Doolittle DP, Grant P, Hillyard AL, Kosowsky M, Roderick TH. Comparative map for mice and humans. Mamm Genome 1991; 1 Spec No:S461-515. [PMID: 1799811 DOI: 10.1007/bf00656504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Nadeau
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Justice
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, ABL-Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Nadeau
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609
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Justice MJ, Silan CM, Ceci JD, Buchberg AM, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA. A molecular genetic linkage map of mouse chromosome 13 anchored by the beige (bg) and satin (sa) loci. Genomics 1990; 6:341-51. [PMID: 2307475 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(90)90575-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A molecular genetic linkage map of mouse chromosome 13 was constructed using cloned DNA markers and interspecific backcross mice from two independent crosses. The map locations of Ctla-3, Dhfr, Fim-1, 4/12, Hexb, Hilda, Inhba, Lamb-1.13, Ral, Rrm2-ps3, and Tcrg were determined with respect to the beige (bg) and satin (sa) loci. The map locations of these genes confirm and extend regions of homology between mouse chromosome 13 and human chromosomes 5 and 7, and identify a region of homology between mouse chromosome 13 and human chromosome 6. The molecular genetic linkage map of chromosome 13 provides a framework for establishing linkage relationships between cloned DNA markers and known mouse mutations and for identifying homologous genes in mice and humans that may be involved in disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Justice
- Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, BRI-Basic Research Program, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research Facility, Maryland 21701
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Sundaresan S, Francke U. Genes for beta 2-adrenergic receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor map to mouse chromosome 18. SOMATIC CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 1989; 15:367-71. [PMID: 2569767 DOI: 10.1007/bf01534975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The beta 2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2R) mediates the response of various cel types to neurotransmitters, hormones, and drugs. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) interacts with its receptor (PDGFR) to stimulate mesenchymal cell proliferation. In the human, ADRB2R and PDGFR have been mapped to the q31--q32 region of chromosome 5 (HSA5). Here we report the mapping of Pdgfr and Adrb2r to mouse chromosome 18 (MMU18) using somatic cell hybrid mapping techniques. Together with previous mapping of genes for the glucocorticoid receptor (human locus GRL; mouse locus Gr1-1), the class II HLA invariant chain (human locus PHLAG; mouse locus Ii) and the FMS protooncogene to HSA5 and MMU18, the assignment of both Pdgfr and Adrb2r to MMU18 expands the conserved autosomal syntenic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sundaresan
- Department of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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Searle AG, Peters J, Lyon MF, Hall JG, Evans EP, Edwards JH, Buckle VJ. Chromosome maps of man and mouse. IV. Ann Hum Genet 1989; 53:89-140. [PMID: 2688541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1989.tb01777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge of man-mouse genetic homology is presented in the form of chromosomal displays, tables and a grid, which show locations of the 322 loci now assigned to chromosomes in both species, as well as 12 DNA segments not yet associated with gene loci. At least 50 conserved autosomal segments with two or more loci have been identified, twelve of which are over 20 cM long in the mouse, as well as five conserved segments on the X chromosome. All human and mouse chromosomes now have conserved regions; human 17 still shows the least evidence of rearrangement, with a single long conserved segment which apparently spans the centromere. The loci include 102 which are known to be associated with human hereditary disease; these are listed separately. Human parental effects which may well be the result of genomic imprinting are reviewed and the location of the factors concerned displayed in relation to mouse chromosomal regions which have been implicated in imprinting phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Searle
- MRC Radiobiology Unit, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon
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