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Toyama M, Hamaoka Y, Katoh H. EphA3 is up-regulated by epidermal growth factor and promotes formation of glioblastoma cell aggregates. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:715-721. [PMID: 30528229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
EphA3, a member of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases, has been reported to be overexpressed in some human cancers including glioblastoma. Here, we found that expression of EphA3 is up-regulated in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation and promotes formation of cell aggregates in suspension culture of glioblastoma cells. Suppression of EphA3 expression by short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene deletion inhibited EGF-induced promotion of cell aggregate formation, whereas overexpression of EphA3 promoted formation of cell aggregates in suspension culture. EGF-induced EphA3 expression and promotion of cell aggregate formation required Akt activity. Furthermore, N-cadherin, whose expression was regulated by EGF and EphA3, contributed to the formation of cell aggregates in suspension culture. These results suggest that the regulation of EphA3 expression plays a critical role in glioblastoma cell growth in non-adherent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Toyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuho Hamaoka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hironori Katoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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2
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Cell surface protease activation during RAS transformation: Critical role of the plasminogen receptor, S100A10. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47720-47737. [PMID: 27351226 PMCID: PMC5216974 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between oncogenic RAS expression and the acquisition of the invasive phenotype has been attributed to alterations in cellular activities that control degradation of the extracellular matrix. Oncogenic RAS-mediated upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is critical for invasion through the basement membrane and extracellular matrix. The uPA converts cell surface-bound plasminogen to plasmin, a process that is regulated by the binding of plasminogen to specific receptors on the cell surface, however, the identity of the plasminogen receptors that function in this capacity is unclear. We have observed that transformation of cancer cells with oncogenic forms of RAS increases plasmin proteolytic activity by 2- to 4-fold concomitant with a 3-fold increase in cell invasion. Plasminogen receptor profiling revealed RAS-dependent increases in both S100A10 and cytokeratin 8. Oncogenic RAS expression increased S100A10 gene expression which resulted in an increase in S100A10 protein levels. Analysis with the RAS effector-loop mutants that interact specifically with Raf, Ral GDS pathways highlighted the importance of the RalGDS pathways in the regulation of S100A10 gene expression. Depletion of S100A10 from RAS-transformed cells resulted in a loss of both cellular plasmin generation and invasiveness. These results strongly suggest that increases in cell surface levels of S100A10, by oncogenic RAS, plays a critical role in RAS-stimulated plasmin generation, and subsequently, in the invasiveness of oncogenic RAS expressing cancer cells.
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3
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Targeting tumor multicellular aggregation through IGPR-1 inhibits colon cancer growth and improves chemotherapy. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e378. [PMID: 28920928 PMCID: PMC5623903 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucially important for survival of normal epithelial cells as detachment from ECM triggers specific apoptosis known as anoikis. As tumor cells lose the requirement for anchorage to ECM, they rely on cell-cell adhesion 'multicellular aggregation' for survival. Multicellular aggregation of tumor cells also significantly determines the sensitivity of tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutics. In this report, we demonstrate that expression of immunoglobulin containing and proline-rich receptor-1 (IGPR-1) is upregulated in human primary colon cancer. Our study demonstrates that IGPR-1 promotes tumor multicellular aggregation, and interfering with its adhesive function inhibits multicellular aggregation and, increases cell death. IGPR-1 supports colon carcinoma tumor xenograft growth in mouse, and inhibiting its activity by shRNA or blocking antibody inhibits tumor growth. More importantly, IGPR-1 regulates sensitivity of tumor cells to the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin/adriamycin by a mechanism that involves doxorubicin-induced AKT activation and phosphorylation of IGPR-1 at Ser220. Our findings offer novel insight into IGPR-1's role in colorectal tumor growth, tumor chemosensitivity, and as a possible novel anti-cancer target.
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4
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Smolyakov G, Thiebot B, Campillo C, Labdi S, Severac C, Pelta J, Dague É. Elasticity, Adhesion, and Tether Extrusion on Breast Cancer Cells Provide a Signature of Their Invasive Potential. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:27426-27431. [PMID: 27701866 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We use single-cell force spectroscopy to compare elasticity, adhesion, and tether extrusion on four breast cancer cell lines with an increasing invasive potential. We perform cell attachment/detachment experiments either on fibronectin or on another cell using an atomic force microscope. Our study on the membrane tether formation from cancer cells show that they are easier to extrude from aggressive invasive cells. Measured elastic modulus values confirm that more invasive cells are softer. Moreover, the adhesion force increases with the invasive potential. Our results provide a mechanical signature of breast cancer cells that correlates with their invasivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Smolyakov
- ITAV CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse 31062, France
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Bénédicte Thiebot
- Laboratoire d'Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement LAMBE-CNRS, Université d'Evry , Evry F-91025, France
| | - Clément Campillo
- Laboratoire d'Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement LAMBE-CNRS, Université d'Evry , Evry F-91025, France
| | - Sid Labdi
- Laboratoire d'Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement LAMBE-CNRS, Université d'Evry , Evry F-91025, France
| | | | - Juan Pelta
- Laboratoire d'Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement LAMBE-CNRS, Université d'Evry , Evry F-91025, France
| | - Étienne Dague
- ITAV CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse 31062, France
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse 31400, France
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5
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Direct regulation of GAS6/AXL signaling by HIF promotes renal metastasis through SRC and MET. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:13373-8. [PMID: 25187556 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1404848111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the von Hippel-Lindau/hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) signaling pathway promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) progression and metastasis. The protein kinase GAS6/AXL signaling pathway has recently been implicated as an essential mediator of metastasis and receptor tyrosine kinase crosstalk in cancer. Here we establish a molecular link between HIF stabilization and induction of AXL receptor expression in metastatic ccRCC. We found that HIF-1 and HIF-2 directly activate the expression of AXL by binding to the hypoxia-response element in the AXL proximal promoter. Importantly, genetic and therapeutic inactivation of AXL signaling in metastatic ccRCC cells reversed the invasive and metastatic phenotype in vivo. Furthermore, we define a pathway by which GAS6/AXL signaling uses lateral activation of the met proto-oncogene (MET) through SRC proto-oncogene nonreceptor tyrosine kinase to maximize cellular invasion. Clinically, AXL expression in primary tumors of ccRCC patients correlates with aggressive tumor behavior and patient lethality. These findings provide an alternative model for SRC and MET activation by growth arrest-specific 6 in ccRCC and identify AXL as a therapeutic target driving the aggressive phenotype in renal clear cell carcinoma.
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6
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Tracz A, Mastri M, Lee CR, Pili R, Ebos JML. Modeling spontaneous metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in mice following nephrectomy. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24836396 DOI: 10.3791/51485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key challenges to improved testing of new experimental therapeutics in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the development of models that faithfully recapitulate early- and late-stage metastatic disease progression. Typical tumor implantation models utilize ectopic or orthotopic primary tumor implantation, but few include systemic spontaneous metastatic disease that mimics the clinical setting. This protocol describes the key steps to develop RCC disease progression stages similar to patients. First, it uses a highly metastatic mouse tumor cell line in a syngeneic model to show orthotopic tumor cell implantation. Methods include superficial and internal implantation into the sub-capsular space with cells combined with matrigel to prevent leakage and early spread. Next it describes the procedures for excision of tumor-bearing kidney (nephrectomy), with critical pre- and post- surgical mouse care. Finally, it outlines the steps necessary to monitor and assess micro-and macro-metastatic disease progression, including bioluminescent imaging as well provides a detailed visual necropsy guide to score systemic disease distribution. The goal of this protocol description is to facilitate the widespread use of clinically relevant metastatic RCC models to improve the predictive value of future therapeutic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Tracz
- Genitourinary Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute
| | - Michalis Mastri
- Genitourinary Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute
| | | | - Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute
| | - John M L Ebos
- Genitourinary Section, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute;
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7
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Nitric oxide mediates cell aggregation and mesenchymal to epithelial transition in anoikis-resistant lung cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 393:237-45. [PMID: 24771070 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell aggregation has been long known to facilitate metastatic potential of cancer cells. In addition, the presence of nitric oxide (NO) in cancer area may have a significant impact on aggregation behavior of the cells. We show herein that lung cancer H460 cells possessing high ability of anoikis resistance formed loose aggregates in detached condition. Importantly, NO treatment tightened the aggregates by enhancing cell-cell interaction via E-cadherin-dependent mechanism, and such E-cadherin contact increased anoikis resistance potential by up-regulating pro-survival signals of the cells including active ATP-dependent tyrosine kinase and extracellular-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2). Since an increase of E-cadherin was frequently found in mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) process, we further tested the cells for MET markers and found that NO treatment of these cells significantly enhanced MET. As aggregation and MET of cancer cells may facilitate cancer metastasis by many means, the insights gained from the present study could benefit the deep understanding in the biology of cancer cell metastasis.
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8
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Nicklin M, Rees RC, Pockley AG, Perry CC. Development of an hydrophobic fluoro-silica surface for studying homotypic cancer cell aggregation–disaggregation as a single dynamic process in vitro. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1486-1496. [DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00194j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fluoro-silica surface has been shown to facilitate the study of cancer cell aggregate–disaggregation as a single dynamic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nicklin
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre
- Nottingham Trent University
| | - Robert C. Rees
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - A. Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Carole C. Perry
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre
- Nottingham Trent University
- Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
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9
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Wang X, Chen X, Wang R, Xiao P, Xu Z, Chen L, Hang W, Ruan A, Yang H, Zhang X. microRNA-200c modulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human renal cell carcinoma metastasis. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:643-50. [PMID: 23754305 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in several physiological and pathological processes, including tumor metastasis. Metastasis is associated with poor prognosis in renal carcinoma patients and almost 20-30% of patients present with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible roles of miR-200c in regulating metastasis and to identify its target genes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Among the miRNAs downregulated in our tissue specimen microarray, miR-200c was downregulated significantly. Functional assays demonstrated that restoration of miR-200c significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of SN12-PM6 and 786-0 cells in vitro. Genome-wide gene expression analysis and TargetScan database studies showed that ZEB1, which has been shown to promote tumor invasion and migration through E-cadherin gene silencing, is a promising candidate target gene of miR‑200c. Overexpression of miR-200c in SN12-PM6 and 786-0 cells was concurrent with downregulation of ZEB1 and upregulation of E-cadherin mRNA and protein. In addition, miR-200c affected the protein expression of p-Akt and Akt. Thus, our study demonstrated that miR-200c decreases the metastatic ability of renal carcinoma cells by upregulating E-cadherin through ZEB1 and that modulating the expression of miR-200c could influence Akt protein levels. We therefore concluded that there is an Akt-miR-200c-E-cadherin axis in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
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10
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Pavlova NN, Pallasch C, Elia AEH, Braun CJ, Westbrook TF, Hemann M, Elledge SJ. A role for PVRL4-driven cell-cell interactions in tumorigenesis. eLife 2013; 2:e00358. [PMID: 23682311 PMCID: PMC3641523 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During all stages of tumor progression, cancer cells are subjected to inappropriate extracellular matrix environments and must undergo adaptive changes in order to evade growth constraints associated with the loss of matrix attachment. A gain of function screen for genes that enable proliferation independently of matrix anchorage identified a cell adhesion molecule PVRL4 (poliovirus-receptor-like 4), also known as Nectin-4. PVRL4 promotes anchorage-independence by driving cell-to-cell attachment and matrix-independent integrin β4/SHP-2/c-Src activation. Solid tumors frequently have copy number gains of the PVRL4 locus and some have focal amplifications. We demonstrate that the transformation of breast cancer cells is dependent on PVRL4. Furthermore, growth of orthotopically implanted tumors in vivo is inhibited by blocking PVRL4-driven cell-to-cell attachment with monoclonal antibodies, demonstrating a novel strategy for targeted therapy of cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00358.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya N Pavlova
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Division of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Christian Pallasch
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, United States
| | - Andrew EH Elia
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Division of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Christian J Braun
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, United States
| | - Thomas F Westbrook
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Michael Hemann
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, United States
| | - Stephen J Elledge
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Division of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
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11
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Wai Wong C, Dye DE, Coombe DR. The role of immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules in cancer metastasis. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:340296. [PMID: 22272201 PMCID: PMC3261479 DOI: 10.1155/2012/340296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major clinical problem and results in a poor prognosis for most cancers. The metastatic pathway describes the process by which cancer cells give rise to a metastatic lesion in a new tissue or organ. It consists of interconnecting steps all of which must be successfully completed to result in a metastasis. Cell-cell adhesion is a key aspect of many of these steps. Adhesion molecules belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily (Ig-SF) commonly play a central role in cell-cell adhesion, and a number of these molecules have been associated with cancer progression and a metastatic phenotype. Surprisingly, the contribution of Ig-SF members to metastasis has not received the attention afforded other cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) such as the integrins. Here we examine the steps in the metastatic pathway focusing on how the Ig-SF members, melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), L1CAM, neural CAM (NCAM), leukocyte CAM (ALCAM), intercellular CAM-1 (ICAM-1) and platelet endothelial CAM-1 (PECAM-1) could play a role. Although much remains to be understood, this review aims to raise the profile of Ig-SF members in metastasis formation and prompt further research that could lead to useful clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Wai Wong
- Molecular Immunology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University Level 3 MRF Building, Rear 50 Murray Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Danielle E. Dye
- Molecular Immunology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University Level 3 MRF Building, Rear 50 Murray Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Deirdre R. Coombe
- Molecular Immunology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University Level 3 MRF Building, Rear 50 Murray Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
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12
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Zhong X, Rescorla FJ. Cell surface adhesion molecules and adhesion-initiated signaling: understanding of anoikis resistance mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Signal 2011; 24:393-401. [PMID: 22024283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cells express various cell surface adhesion molecules (receptors) that not only mechanically serve as contacting sites between the cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) or adjacent cells, but also initiate intracellular signaling pathways modulating important cellular events including survival and proliferation. Normal cells undergo apoptosis when lacking ECM attachment. This type of cell death has been termed anoikis. Anoikis can be viewed as a normal process which ensures tissue homeostasis and failure to execute the anoikis program or resistance to anoikis could result in adherent cells surviving under suspension condition and proliferating at ectopic sites where the matrix proteins are different from those the cells originally contact. Resistance to anoikis is emerging as a hallmark of metastatic cancers which enables cancer cells to disseminate to distant organs through systemic circulation. In this review, we will discuss the molecular basis of adhesion-initiated signaling, the impact of loss of cell-ECM adhesion on normal cell survival, the role of cancer cell aggregate formation via intercellular adhesion under non-adherent condition, and mechanisms of anoikis resistance developed in metastatic cancer cells. Understanding of these aspects will provide opportunities to find new potential molecular targets, and therapeutic strategies based on these findings will likely prove to be more specific and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhong
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, and the Riley Children's Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, IN, USA.
| | - Frederick J Rescorla
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, and the Riley Children's Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, IN, USA
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13
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Liu T, Lin B, Qin J. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts promoted tumor spheroid invasion on a microfluidic 3D co-culture device. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:1671-7. [PMID: 20414488 DOI: 10.1039/c000022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key determinant in malignant progression of cancer and represent an important target for cancer therapies. In this work, we present a microfluidic-based 3D co-culture device to reconstruct an in vitro tumor microenvironment and firstly investigate the effect of CAFs on cancer cell invasion in 3D matrix. This device is composed of six co-culture units, which enable parallel co-culture assays to be run in the presence of 3D extracellular matrix. Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) cells and CAFs embedded in matrix were co-cultured without direct contact on the device. Communication between ACC cells and CAFs could be established via medium diffused in matrix. It was observed that CAFs promoted ACC cell invasion in 3D matrix in a spheroid fashion, indicating that CAFs play a critical role in cancer invasion. We further demonstrated the effect of MMP inhibitor as an agent against CAF-promoted cancer invasion. This co-culture device reproducibly reflected the in vivo growth and invasion pattern of ACC and recreated the stroma-regulated ACC invasion. Thus, it provides a suitable platform for elucidating the mechanism of CAF-regulated cancer invasion and discovering anti-invasion drugs in a well defined 3D environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjiao Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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14
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Cheung CW, Taylor PJ, Kirkpatrick CMJ, Vesey DA, Gobe GC, Winterford C, Nicol DL, Johnson DW. Therapeutic value of orally administered silibinin in renal cell carcinoma: manipulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels. BJU Int 2007; 100:438-44. [PMID: 17617146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate if the feeding of silibinin (an anticancer flavonoid) to mice inhibits in vivo renal cell carcinoma (RCC) growth via changes in insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) mice (7 weeks old), with left kidneys injected with 1 million SN12K1 cells, were fed a silibinin-containing diet (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% w/w) or control AIN-93G diet for 39 days from 1 day after tumour engraftment. RESULTS There was a reduction in tumour deposits and tumour kidney weight in SCID mice fed with a 0.4% silibinin-containing diet compared to those fed the control diet. Mice with tumour injection (silibinin or control-diet group) had constant total body weight and food consumption. The mean plasma and tumourous kidney silibinin concentrations, as measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, increased with escalating doses of silibinin. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the mean tissue IGFBP-3 mRNA (in SN12K1-implanted kidney) and plasma IGFBP-3 levels increased in mice fed with 0.1% silibinin (tumour IGFBP-3 mRNA levels, 156% higher vs control-diet group, P = 0.007; and plasma IGFBP-3 levels, 61% higher vs control-diet group, P = 0.002) but not in mice fed with the higher silibinin pellet strengths. CONCLUSION Oral administration of silibinin suppressed local and metastatic tumour growth in vivo in an orthotopic xenograft model of RCC. This anti-neoplastic action of silibinin might involve IGFBP-3. The exact mechanism through which IGFBP-3 promotes silibinin's anticancer effects warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine W Cheung
- Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Abstract
Metastatic cancer spread to bones, causing intractable pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, and ultimately death, represents massive clinical problem. Intravascular cell-to-cell heterotypic (between cancer and other types of cells) and homotypic (between cancer cells) adhesive interactions, leading to the establishment of metastatic deposits in bone marrow vasculature, represent important rate-limiting steps in bone metastasis. In this review, we discuss molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning metastasis-associated intravascular cell-to-cell adhesive interactions, their role in a multi-step metastatic cascade, and a potential for therapeutic targeting of early metastasis-associated adhesive events.
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Landon LA, Zou J, Deutscher SL. Effective combinatorial strategy to increase affinity of carbohydrate binding by peptides. Mol Divers 2004; 8:35-50. [PMID: 14964786 DOI: 10.1023/b:modi.0000006897.40575.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen, a carcinoma-associated disaccharide involved in carcinoma cell homotypic aggregation and increased metastatic potential, has clinical value as a prognostic indicator and a marker of metastasized cells. Hence, it can reasonably be predicted that antigen-binding macromolecules are valuable clinical in vivo diagnostic/therapeutic targeting agents. Recently, we have selected first-generation antigen-binding peptides from a random peptide bacteriophage display library and have applied combinatorial affinity maturation to select functionally-maturated peptides, which target cultured carcinoma cells and inhibit carcinoma cell aggregation. In the current study we hypothesize that a targeted search of sequence space surrounding the antigen-binding consensus sequence will select unpredictable amino acid sequences in the non-consensus portions of the peptides, leading to increased affinity for the carbohydrate and greater solubility in physiological buffers. This comprehensive in vitro analysis demonstrates that preferential evolution of the amino-terminal sequence of the peptides occurred, which correlated, in structure/function studies, with the acquisition of maturated function. The maturated peptides are more soluble than the earlier peptides. Studies of peptide binding to the disaccharide indicate that two maturated peptides (P-30-1, F03) have higher affinity for the antigen and bind with higher intensity to the surface of cultured human carcinoma cells than the first-generation peptides. The results support our hypothesis that affinity maturation can improve carbohydrate binding by peptides and have theoretical importance as the first report of maturation of carbohydrate-binding affinity in a small, soluble peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Landon
- Department of Biochemistry, M743 Medical Sciences Bldg., University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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17
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Haviv YS, van Houdt WJ, Lu B, Curiel DT, Zhu ZB. Transcriptional targeting in renal cancer cell lines via the human CXCR4 promoter. Mol Cancer Ther 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.687.3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is often resistant to standard treatment, thereby requiring new therapeutic strategies. In this regard, tumor cell migration and metastasis have recently been shown to be regulated by chemokines and their respective receptors (e.g., SDF-1α/CXCR4). In the context of RCC, up-regulation of CXCR4 expression is closely related to the development of invasive cancer. Thus, we hypothesized that the CXCR4 pathway could be exploited for RCC targeting with gene therapy vectors. In this regard, targeting adenoviral vectors to tumor cells is critically dependent on tumor-specific gene expression. Toward the end of RCC tumor targeting, we evaluated the utility of the CXCR4 promoter in an adenoviral context. First, overexpression of CXCR4 was confirmed in several RCC cell lines. Next, an adenoviral vector was constructed, whereby the human CXCR4 promoter drives the expression of a reporter gene. We tested the activity of the CXCR4 promoter in vitro and in vivo in relevant models. Our data indicate that the human CXCR4 promoter is highly active in RCC cells but not in normal human cells. Finally, biodistribution studies in mice demonstrated dramatic repression of the CXCR4 promoter in the liver but not in the kidney. In conclusion, the unique activity of the CXCR4 promoter in RCC lines and its repression in normal human cells and in the murine liver underscore its potential utility as a novel candidate for transcriptional targeting of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef S. Haviv
- 2Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama and
- 3Kidney Gene Therapy Program, Division of Nephrology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Winan J. van Houdt
- 1Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery and
| | - Baogen Lu
- 1Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery and
| | - David T. Curiel
- 1Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery and
- 2Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama and
| | - Zeng B. Zhu
- 1Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Surgery and
- 2Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama and
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Edlund M, Sung SY, Chung LWK. Modulation of prostate cancer growth in bone microenvironments. J Cell Biochem 2004; 91:686-705. [PMID: 14991761 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.10702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bone remains one of the major sites, and most lethal host organs, for prostate cancer metastasis. Prostate cell spread and establishment in bone depends on multiple reciprocal modifications of bone stromal and epithelial cancer cell behaviors. This review focuses on recent advances in the characterization of cell-cell and cell-matrix interplay, effects on cell growth, adhesion and invasion, and several therapeutic possibilities for co-targeting prostate cancer cells and bone stroma. We address the topic from three main perspectives: (1) the normal and aging bone stromal environment, (2) the "reactive" bone stromal environment, and (3) the cancerous prostate epithelial cells themselves. First, normal, and especially aging, bones provide uniquely rich and "fertile soil" for roaming cancer cells. The interactions between prostate cancer cells and insoluble extracellular matrices, soluble growth factors, and/or sex steroid hormones trigger bone remodeling, through increased osteoclastogenesis and furthur matrix metalloproteinase activity. Second, after cancer cell arrival and establishment in the bone, host stromal cells respond, becoming "reactive" in a process again involving extracellular matrix remodeling, together with growth factor and steroid receptor signaling this process ultimately enhances cancer cell migration, stromal transdifferentiation, and invasion of the cancer tissues by stromal, inflammatory, and immune-responsive cells. Third, prostate cancer cells also respond to supportive bone microenvironments, where soluble and matrix-associated molecules affect cancer cell growth and gene expression, especially altering cancer cell surface receptor and integrin-mediated cell signaling. We discuss both integrin cell-matrix and gap junctional cell-cell communication between cancer cells and their microenvironments during prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Edlund
- Department of Urology, Molecular Urology and Therapeutics Program, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Landon LA, Peletskaya EN, Glinsky VV, Karasseva N, Quinn TP, Deutscher SL. Combinatorial evolution of high-affinity peptides that bind to the Thomsen-Friedenreich carcinoma antigen. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2003; 22:193-204. [PMID: 12760424 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023483232397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen occurs on approximately 90% of human carcinomas, is likely involved in carcinoma cell homotypic aggregation, and has clinical value as a prognostic indicator and marker of metastasized cells. Previously, we isolated anti-TF antigen peptides from bacteriophage display libraries. These bound to TF antigen on carcinoma cells but were of low affinity and solubility. We hypothesized that peptide amino acid sequence changes would result in increased affinity and solubility, which would translate into improved carcinoma cell binding and increased inhibition of aggregation. The new peptides were more soluble and exhibited up to fivefold increase in affinity (Kd approximately equal to 60 nM). They bound cultured human breast and prostate carcinoma cells at low concentrations, whereas the earlier peptides did not. Moreover, the new peptides were potent inhibitors of homotypic aggregation. The maturated peptides will have expanded applications in basic studies of the TF antigen and particular utility as clinical carcinoma-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Landon
- Department of Biochemistry, M121 Medical Sciences Bldg., University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
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20
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Orthotopic model of renal cell carcinoma. METHODS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2001. [PMID: 21318799 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-144-2:245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
A human renal cancer was first established in continuous culture in 1962. Currently, there are well over 100 different characterized renal cancer cell lines derived from both primary and metastatic renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) (1-3). The biological phenotype of cultured renal cancer cells typically includes a sustained and essentially unlimited growth capacity, a lack of contact inhibition and anchorage dependence, a capacity to form tumors in athymic mice, and an aneuploid karyotype including nonrandom chromosomal abnormalities (1,2). The antigenic phenotype of RCCs as determined by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated against cell-surface glycoproteins, glycolipids, and blood-group antigens of renal cancers provide a series of phenotypic markers which characterize these tumors (4-6). Many of these mAbs also react with the proximal tubule portion of the human nephron, confirming earlier studies indicating that >90% of renal cancers derive from epithelial cells of the proximal tubule (7,8). While established RCC cell lines have frequently been analyzed for molecular defects, their greatest utility has been to screen combinations of chemotherapeutic and biologic agents for antiproliferative activity (9-12). Short-term cultures of renal cancer cells derived from fresh tumor specimens have similarly been used to screen drugs (13), but inhibitory effects in vitro have not been shown to predict a response in vivo (i.e., in human patients).
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Ryuto M, Jimi S, Ono M, Naito S, Nakayama Y, Yamada Y, Komiyama S, Kuwano M. All-trans-retinoic acid-dependent inhibition of E-cadherin-based cell adhesion with concomitant dephosphorylation of beta-catenin in metastatic human renal carcinoma cells. Jpn J Cancer Res 1997; 88:982-91. [PMID: 9414661 PMCID: PMC5921278 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1997.tb00319.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously described an in vitro invasion assay model, using a monolayer of vascular endothelial cells grown on collagen gel, that mimics the metastatic abilities of the highly metastatic human renal carcinoma cell lines, MM-1,3 and 8 and their poorly metastatic counterparts, SN12C and Cl-8. MM-1, 3 and 8 cells were observed to penetrate the monolayer of vascular endothelial cells and grew in a spreading or scattering manner with loose cell-cell contact on collagen gel or on vascular endothelial cells. SN12C and Cl-8 cells failed to penetrate and grew in a clustering manner with tight cell-cell contact. Treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) at non-toxic concentrations induced clustering or growth of MM-1, 3 and 8 cells on collagen gel or on vascular endothelial cells with tight cell-cell contact, and inhibited penetration. The clustering induced by ATRA was virtually blocked in the presence of anti-E cadherin antibody. E-Cadherin and beta-catenin were each localized mainly at the cell-cell adherent junctions of colonizing cell populations that had been treated with ATRA. While the cellular levels of E-cadherin and beta-catenin did not change significantly following ATRA treatment, the tyrosine residue of beta-catenin was rapidly dephosphorylated. The concomitant administration of Na vanadate, an inhibitor of tyrosine dephosphorylase, inhibited both the ATRA-induced clustering and the dephosphorylation of beta-catenin tyrosine. ATRA-induced clustering of MM-3 cells may be linked to the state of tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ryuto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kyushu University School of Medicine, Fukuoka
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Hathorn RW, Tso CL, Kaboo R, Pang S, Figlin R, Sawyers C, deKernion JB, Belldegrun A. In vitro modulation of the invasive and metastatic potentials of human renal cell carcinoma by interleukin-2 and/or interferon-alpha gene transfer. Cancer 1994; 74:1904-11. [PMID: 7521786 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19941001)74:7<1904::aid-cncr2820740713>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous local delivery of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) via gene transfer appears to be more effective than systemic therapy in preventing the growth of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in vitro and in vivo. To understand further if cytokine-gene transfection of RCC could alter certain cellular properties that are associated with the invasive and metastatic potentials of tumor, the authors characterized six cell lines that produce IL-2 and/or IFN-alpha in their expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and CD44; binding affinity to extracellular matrix (ECM) components (fibronectin, laminin, type IV collagen, and vitronectin); and preference in forming homotypic aggregation and mRNA levels of c-myc, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R), tumor transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and type IV collagenase. These six lines were compared with control vector transfected parental R11 line. METHODS The expression of ICAM-1 and CD44 was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis, the tumor cell binding affinity to ECM components was measured by cell attachment assay, the degree of homotypic aggregation was quantified by cell aggregation assay, and the mRNA levels of c-myc, EGF-R, TGF-beta, and collagenase were analyzed by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS Both IL-2-gene- and IFN-alpha-gene-modified R11 exhibited enhanced expression of ICAM-1, suppression of CD44, and decreased binding affinity to ECM components, when compared with the R11-control vector. All cytokine-producing tumor lines showed a decreased preference to form homotypic aggregation. Interferon-alpha gene transfer downregulated c-myc, EGF-R, and type IV collagenase mRNA expression, whereas only the higher producers of IL-2 downregulated TGF-beta mRNA expression. Exogenous IL-2 and/or IFN-alpha treatment of a IFN-alpha-resistant RCC enhanced both HLA class I antigen and ICAM-1 expression and suppressed CD44 expression, but had no effect on tumor growth rate. CONCLUSIONS The local production of high concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-a at the tumor site may directly alter tumor properties associated with invasive and metastatic phenotypes of RCC. Interleukin-2 and/or IFN-alpha gene therapy may be an effective strategy for treatment of patients with advanced renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Hathorn
- Department of Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine 90024-1738
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