1
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Li M. Harnessing atomic force microscopy-based single-cell analysis to advance physical oncology. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:631-659. [PMID: 38053519 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis is an emerging and promising frontier in the field of life sciences, which is expected to facilitate the exploration of fundamental laws of physiological and pathological processes. Single-cell analysis allows experimental access to cell-to-cell heterogeneity to reveal the distinctive behaviors of individual cells, offering novel opportunities to dissect the complexity of severe human diseases such as cancers. Among the single-cell analysis tools, atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful and versatile one which is able to nondestructively image the fine topographies and quantitatively measure multiple mechanical properties of single living cancer cells in their native states under aqueous conditions with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. Over the past few decades, AFM has been widely utilized to detect the structural and mechanical behaviors of individual cancer cells during the process of tumor formation, invasion, and metastasis, yielding numerous unique insights into tumor pathogenesis from the biomechanical perspective and contributing much to the field of cancer mechanobiology. Here, the achievements of AFM-based analysis of single cancer cells to advance physical oncology are comprehensively summarized, and challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Achievements of AFM in characterizing the structural and mechanical behaviors of single cancer cells are summarized, and future directions are discussed. AFM is not only capable of visualizing cellular fine structures, but can also measure multiple cellular mechanical properties as well as cell-generated mechanical forces. There is still plenty of room for harnessing AFM-based single-cell analysis to advance physical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Ndlovu E, Malpartida L, Sultana T, Dahms TES, Dague E. Host Cell Geometry and Cytoskeletal Organization Governs Candida-Host Cell Interactions at the Nanoscale. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37888912 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Candida is one of the most common opportunistic fungal pathogens in humans. Its adhesion to the host cell is required in parasitic states and is important for pathogenesis. Many studies have shown that there is an increased risk of developing candidiasis when normal tissue barriers are weakened or when immune defenses are compromised, for example, during cancer treatment that induces immunosuppression. The mechanical properties of malignant cells, such as adhesiveness and viscoelasticity, which contribute to cellular invasion and migration are different from those of noncancerous cells. To understand host invasion and its relationship with host cell health, we probed the interaction of Candida spp. with cancerous and noncancerous human cell lines using atomic force microscopy in the single-cell force spectroscopy mode. There was significant adhesion between Candida and human cells, with more adhesion to cancerous versus noncancerous cell lines. This increase in adhesion is related to the mechanobiological properties of cancer cells, which have a disorganized cytoskeleton and lower rigidity. Altered geometry and cytoskeletal disruption of the human cells impacted adhesion parameters, underscoring the role of cytoskeletal organization in Candida-human cell adhesion and implicating the manipulation of cell properties as a potential future therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Easter Ndlovu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina S4S 0A2, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lucas Malpartida
- National Centre for Scientific Research, Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems (LAAS), 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 54200, Toulouse cedex 4 31031, France
| | - Taranum Sultana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina S4S 0A2, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tanya E S Dahms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina S4S 0A2, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Etienne Dague
- National Centre for Scientific Research, Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems (LAAS), 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 54200, Toulouse cedex 4 31031, France
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3
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Chala N, Zhang X, Zambelli T, Zhang Z, Schneider T, Panozzo D, Poulikakos D, Ferrari A. 4D Force Detection of Cell Adhesion and Contractility. Nano Lett 2023; 23:2467-2475. [PMID: 36975035 PMCID: PMC10103301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical signals establish two-way communication between mammalian cells and their environment. Cells contacting a surface exert forces via contractility and transmit them at the areas of focal adhesions. External stimuli, such as compressive and pulling forces, typically affect the adhesion-free cell surface. Here, we demonstrate the collaborative employment of Fluidic Force Microscopy and confocal Traction Force Microscopy supported by the Cellogram solver to enable a powerful integrated force probing approach, where controlled vertical forces are applied to the free surface of individual cells, while the concomitant deformations are used to map their transmission to the substrate. Force transmission across human cells is measured with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution, enabling the investigation of the cellular mechanisms involved in the adaptation, or maladaptation, to external mechanical stimuli. Altogether, the system enables facile and precise force interrogation of individual cells, with the capacity to perform population-based analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafsika Chala
- Laboratory
of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical
and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Courant
Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New
York University, 5th Avenue 60, New York, New York 10011, United
States
| | - Teseo Schneider
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Engineering
& Computer Science Building, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Daniele Panozzo
- Courant
Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New
York University, 5th Avenue 60, New York, New York 10011, United
States
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory
of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical
and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- Laboratory
of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies, Department of Mechanical
and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Experimental
Continuum Mechanics, EMPA, Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Material Science and Technologies, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Baumann H, Schwingel M, Sestu M, Burcza A, Marg S, Ziegler W, Taubenberger AV, Muller DJ, Bastmeyer M, Franz CM. Biphasic reinforcement of nascent adhesions by vinculin. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e3012. [PMID: 36987702 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Vinculin is an integral component of integrin adhesions, where it functions as a molecular clutch coupling intracellular contraction to the extracellular matrix. Quantitating its contribution to the reinforcement of newly forming adhesions however requires ultrasensitive cell force assays covering short time and low force ranges. Here we have combined AFM-based single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) and optical tweezers force spectroscopy (OTFS) to investigate the role of vinculin in reinforcement of individual nascent adhesions during the first 5 min of cell contact with fibronectin or vitronectin. At minimal adhesion times (5-10 sec) mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) wildtype (wt) and vinculin knock-out (vin(-/-) ) cells develop comparable adhesion forces on the scale of several individual integrin-ligand bonds, confirming that vinculin is dispensable for adhesion initiation. In contrast, after 60-120 sec adhesion strength and traction reinforce quickly in wt cells, while remaining low in vin(-/-) cells. Re-expression of full length vinculin or a constitutively active vinculin mutant (vinT12) in MEF vin(-/-) cells restored adhesion and traction with the same efficiency, while vinculin with a mutated talin-binding head region (vinA50I) or missing the actin-binding tail-domain (vin880) was ineffective. Integrating TIRF imaging into the SCFS setup furthermore enabled us to correlate vinculin-GFP recruitment to nascent adhesion sites with the built-up of vinculin-dependent adhesion forces directly. Vinculin recruitment and cell adhesion reinforcement followed synchronous biphasic patterns, suggesting vinculin recruitment, but not activation, as the rate-limiting step for adhesion reinforcement. Combining sensitive single-cell force spectroscopy with fluorescence microscopy thus provides insight into the temporal sequence of vinculin-dependent mechanical reinforcement in nascent integrin adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hella Baumann
- Zoological Institute, Department of Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Melanie Schwingel
- Zoological Institute, Department of Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcello Sestu
- Mechanisms of Cell Migration, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Burcza
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Susanna Marg
- Mechanisms of Cell Migration, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ziegler
- Dept. of Paediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna V Taubenberger
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel J Muller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Department of Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Chemical Systems - Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Clemens M Franz
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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5
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Mischo J, Faidt T, McMillan RB, Dudek J, Gunaratnam G, Bayenat P, Holtsch A, Spengler C, Müller F, Hähl H, Bischoff M, Hannig M, Jacobs K. Hydroxyapatite Pellets as Versatile Model Surfaces for Systematic Adhesion Studies on Enamel: A Force Spectroscopy Case Study. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1476-1485. [PMID: 35263544 PMCID: PMC9007113 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Research into materials for medical application draws inspiration from naturally occurring or synthesized surfaces, just like many other research directions. For medical application of materials, particular attention has to be paid to biocompatibility, osseointegration, and bacterial adhesion behavior. To understand their properties and behavior, experimental studies with natural materials such as teeth are strongly required. The results, however, may be highly case-dependent because natural surfaces have the disadvantage of being subject to wide variations, for instance in their chemical composition, structure, morphology, roughness, and porosity. A synthetic surface which mimics enamel in its performance with respect to bacterial adhesion and biocompatibility would, therefore, facilitate systematic studies much better. In this study, we discuss the possibility of using hydroxyapatite (HAp) pellets to simulate the surfaces of teeth and show the possibility and limitations of using a model surface. We performed single-cell force spectroscopy with single Staphylococcus aureus cells to measure adhesion-related parameters such as adhesion force and rupture length of cell wall proteins binding to HAp and enamel. We also examine the influence of blood plasma and saliva on the adhesion properties of S. aureus. The results of these measurements are matched to water wettability, elemental composition of the samples, and the change in the macromolecules adsorbed over time on the surface. We found that the adhesion properties of S. aureus were similar on HAp and enamel samples under all conditions: Significant decreases in adhesion strength were found equally in the presence of saliva or blood plasma on both surfaces. We therefore conclude that HAp pellets are a good alternative for natural dental material. This is especially true when slight variations in the physicochemical properties of the natural materials may affect the experimental series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Mischo
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thomas Faidt
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ryan B. McMillan
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Johanna Dudek
- Clinic
of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Gubesh Gunaratnam
- Institute
of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Pardis Bayenat
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anne Holtsch
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Spengler
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hendrik Hähl
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute
of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic
of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Karin Jacobs
- Experimental
Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland
University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Max
Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Lipke PN, Rauceo JM, Viljoen A. Cell-Cell Mating Interactions: Overview and Potential of Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031110. [PMID: 35163034 PMCID: PMC8835621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is an understatement that mating and DNA transfer are key events for living organisms. Among the traits needed to facilitate mating, cell adhesion between gametes is a universal requirement. Thus, there should be specific properties for the adhesion proteins involved in mating. Biochemical and biophysical studies have revealed structural information about mating adhesins, as well as their specificities and affinities, leading to some ideas about these specialized adhesion proteins. Recently, single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) has added important findings. In SCFS, mating cells are brought into contact in an atomic force microscope (AFM), and the adhesive forces are monitored through the course of mating. The results have shown some remarkable characteristics of mating adhesins and add knowledge about the design and evolution of mating adhesins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N. Lipke
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA
- Correspondence: (P.N.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Jason M. Rauceo
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10019, USA;
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4–5, bte L7.07.07, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Correspondence: (P.N.L.); (A.V.)
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7
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Song Y, Long J, Dunkers JP, Woodcock JW, Lin H, Fox DM, Liao X, Lv Y, Yang L, Chiang MYM. Micromechanical Compatibility between Cells and Scaffolds Directs the Phenotypic Transition of Stem Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:58152-58161. [PMID: 34808061 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study experimentally substantiates that the micromechanical compatibility between cell and substrate is essential for cells to achieve energetically favorable mechanotransduction that directs phenotypic transitions. The argument for this compatibility is based on a thermodynamic model that suggests that the response of cells to their substrate mechanical environment is a consequence of the interchange between forms of energy governing the cell-substrate interaction. Experimental validation for the model has been carried out by investigating the osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) seeded on electrospun fibrous scaffolds. Electrospinning of blends containing polycaprolactone (PCL) and silk fibroin (SF) with varying composition of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) resulted in three-dimensional (3D) fibrous scaffolds with bimodal distribution of fiber diameter, which provides both macroscopically stiff and microscopically compliant scaffolds for cells without affecting the surface chemical functionality of scaffolds. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a colloidal probe and single-cell force spectroscopy were used to characterize cell stiffness and scaffold stiffness on the cellular level, as well as cell-scaffold adhesive interaction (chemical functionality). This study has successfully varied scaffold mechanical properties without affecting their surface chemistry. In vitro tests indicate that the micromechanical compatibility between cells and scaffolds has been significantly correlated with mechanosensitive gene expression markers and osteogenic differentiation markers of DFSCs. The agreement between experimental observations and the thermodynamic model affirms that the cellular response to the mechanical environment, though biological in nature, follows the laws of the energy interchange to achieve its self-regulating behavior. More importantly, this study provides systematic evidence, through extensive and rigorous experimental studies, for the first time that rationalizes that micromechanical compatibility is indeed important to the efficacy of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jiaoyue Long
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Kangcell Biotechnology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Joy P Dunkers
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jeremiah W Woodcock
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Hungchun Lin
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Douglas M Fox
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, District of Columbia 20016, United States
| | - Xiaoling Liao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400050, China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Li Yang
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Martin Y M Chiang
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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8
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Spengler C, Nolle F, Thewes N, Wieland B, Jung P, Bischoff M, Jacobs K. Using Knock-Out Mutants to Investigate the Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to Abiotic Surfaces. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11952. [PMID: 34769382 PMCID: PMC8584566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to abiotic surfaces is crucial for establishing device-related infections. With a high number of single-cell force spectroscopy measurements with genetically modified S. aureus cells, this study provides insights into the adhesion process of the pathogen to abiotic surfaces of different wettability. Our results show that S. aureus utilizes different cell wall molecules and interaction mechanisms when binding to hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. We found that covalently bound cell wall proteins strongly interact with hydrophobic substrates, while their contribution to the overall adhesion force is smaller on hydrophilic substrates. Teichoic acids promote adhesion to hydrophobic surfaces as well as to hydrophilic surfaces. This, however, is to a lesser extent. An interplay of electrostatic effects of charges and protein composition on bacterial surfaces is predominant on hydrophilic surfaces, while it is overshadowed on hydrophobic surfaces by the influence of the high number of binding proteins. Our results can help to design new models of bacterial adhesion and may be used to interpret the adhesion of other microorganisms with similar surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Spengler
- Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (C.S.); (F.N.); (N.T.)
| | - Friederike Nolle
- Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (C.S.); (F.N.); (N.T.)
| | - Nicolas Thewes
- Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (C.S.); (F.N.); (N.T.)
| | - Ben Wieland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (B.W.); (P.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Philipp Jung
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (B.W.); (P.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (B.W.); (P.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Karin Jacobs
- Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (C.S.); (F.N.); (N.T.)
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Gunaratnam G, Dudek J, Jung P, Becker SL, Jacobs K, Bischoff M, Hannig M. Quantification of the Adhesion Strength of Candida albicans to Tooth Enamel. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2213. [PMID: 34835339 PMCID: PMC8624353 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Caries is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, which is caused by the degradation of the tooth enamel surface. In earlier research the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans has been associated with the formation of caries in children. Colonization of teeth by C. albicans starts with the initial adhesion of individual yeast cells to the tooth enamel surface. In this study, we visualized the initial colonization of C. albicans yeast cells on pellicle-covered enamel by scanning electron microscopy. To quantitatively unravel the initial adhesion strength, we applied fluidic force microscopy-based single-cell force spectroscopy to examine the key adhesion parameters adhesion force, rupture length and de-adhesion work. We analyzed single saliva-treated or untreated yeast cells on tooth enamel specimens with or without salivary pellicle. Under all tested conditions, adhesion forces in the lower nanonewton range were determined. Furthermore, we have found that all adhesion parameters were enhanced on the pellicle-covered compared to the uncovered enamel. Our data suggest that initial adhesion occurs through a strong interaction between yeast cell wall-associated adhesins and the salivary pellicle. Future SCFS studies may show whether specific management of the salivary pellicle reduces the adhesion of C. albicans on teeth and thus contributes to caries prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gubesh Gunaratnam
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (P.J.); (S.L.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Johanna Dudek
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (J.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Philipp Jung
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (P.J.); (S.L.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Sören L. Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (P.J.); (S.L.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Karin Jacobs
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (P.J.); (S.L.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (J.D.); (M.H.)
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10
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Mignolet J, Viljoen A, Mathelié-Guinlet M, Viela F, Valotteau C, Dufrêne YF. AFM Unravels the Unique Adhesion Properties of the Caulobacter Type IVc Pilus Nanomachine. Nano Lett 2021; 21:3075-3082. [PMID: 33754731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pili are proteinaceous motorized nanomachines that play various functional roles including surface adherence, bacterial motion, and virulence. The surface-contact sensor type IVc (or Tad) pilus is widely distributed in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In Caulobacter crescentus, this nanofilament, though crucial for surface colonization, has never been thoroughly investigated at the molecular level. As Caulobacter assembles several surface appendages at specific stages of the cell cycle, we designed a fluorescence-based screen to selectively study single piliated cells and combined it with atomic force microscopy and genetic manipulation to quantify the nanoscale adhesion of the type IVc pilus to hydrophobic substrates. We demonstrate that this nanofilament exhibits high stickiness compared to the canonical type IVa/b pili, resulting mostly from multiple hydrophobic interactions along the fiber length, and that it features nanospring mechanical properties. Our findings may be helpful to better understand the structure-function relationship of bacterial pilus nanomachines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Mignolet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte, L7.07.07., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Albertus Viljoen
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte, L7.07.07., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marion Mathelié-Guinlet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte, L7.07.07., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Felipe Viela
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte, L7.07.07., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Claire Valotteau
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte, L7.07.07., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte, L7.07.07., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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11
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Jung P, Mischo CE, Gunaratnam G, Spengler C, Becker SL, Hube B, Jacobs K, Bischoff M. Candida albicans adhesion to central venous catheters: Impact of blood plasma-driven germ tube formation and pathogen-derived adhesins. Virulence 2020; 11:1453-1465. [PMID: 33108253 PMCID: PMC7595616 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1836902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans-related bloodstream infections are often associated with infected central venous catheters (CVC) triggered by microbial adhesion and biofilm formation. We utilized single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) and flow chamber models to investigate the adhesion behavior of C. albicans yeast cells and germinated cells to naïve and human blood plasma (HBP)-coated CVC tubing. Germinated cells demonstrated up to 56.8-fold increased adhesion forces to CVC surfaces when compared to yeast cells. Coating of CVCs with HBP significantly increased the adhesion of 60-min germinated cells but not of yeast cells and 30-min germinated cells. Under flow conditions comparable to those in major human veins, germinated cells displayed a flow directional-orientated adhesion pattern to HBP-coated CVC material, suggesting the germ tip to serve as the major adhesive region. None of the above-reported phenotypes were observed with germinated cells of an als3Δ deletion mutant, which displayed similar adhesion forces to CVC surfaces as the isogenic yeast cells. Germinated cells of the als3Δ mutant also lacked a clear flow directional-orientated adhesion pattern on HBP-coated CVC material, indicating a central role for Als3 in the adhesion of germinated C. albicans cells to blood exposed CVC surfaces. In the common model of C. albicans, biofilm formation is thought to be mediated primarily by yeast cells, followed by surface-triggered the formation of hyphae. We suggest an extension of this model in which C. albicans germ tubes promote the initial adhesion to blood-exposed implanted medical devices via the germ tube-associated adhesion protein Als3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jung
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University , Homburg, Germany
| | - Clara E Mischo
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University , Homburg, Germany
| | - Gubesh Gunaratnam
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University , Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Sören L Becker
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University , Homburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute Jena (HKI) , Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University , Jena, Germany
| | - Karin Jacobs
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University , Saarbrücken, Germany.,Max Planck School Matter to Life , Heidelberg, Jahnstr. 29, D-69120, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University , Homburg, Germany
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12
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Liebsch AG, Schillers H. Quantification of heparin's antimetastatic effect by single-cell force spectroscopy. J Mol Recognit 2020; 34:e2854. [PMID: 32452079 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In circulation, cancer cells induce platelet activation, leading to the formation of a cancer cell-encircling platelet cloak which facilitates each step of the metastatic cascade. Since cancer patients treated with the anticoagulant heparin showed reduced metastasis rates and improved survival, it is supposed that heparin suppresses the cloak's formation by inhibiting the interaction between platelet's adhesion molecule P-selectin with its ligands on cancer cells. To quantify this heparin effect, we developed a single-cell force spectroscopy approach and quantified the adhesion (maximum adhesion force [FA ] and detachment work [WD ]) between platelets and human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549). A configuration was used in which A549 cells were glued to tipless cantilevers and force-distance (F-D) curves were recorded on a layer of activated platelets. The concentration-response relationship was determined for heparin at concentrations between 1 and 100 U/mL. Sigmoid dose-response fit revealed half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values of 8.01 U/mL (FA ) and 6.46 U/mL (WD ) and a maximum decrease of the adhesion by 37.5% (FA ) and 38.42% (WD ). The effect of heparin on P-selectin was tested using anti-P-selectin antibodies alone and in combination with heparin. Adding heparin after antibody treatment resulted in an additional reduction of 9.52% (FA ) and 7.12% (WD ). Together, we quantified heparin's antimetastatic effect and proved that it predominantly is related to the blockage of P-selectin. Our approach represents a valuable method to investigate the adhesion of platelets to cancer cells and the efficiency of substances to block this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron G Liebsch
- Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, Münster, Germany
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13
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Ribeiro S, Puckert C, Ribeiro C, Gomes AC, Higgins MJ, Lanceros-Méndez S. Surface Charge-Mediated Cell-Surface Interaction on Piezoelectric Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:191-199. [PMID: 31825193 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-material interactions play an essential role in the development of scaffold-based tissue engineering strategies. Cell therapies are still limited in treating injuries when severe damage causes irreversible loss of muscle cells. Electroactive biomaterials and, in particular, piezoelectric materials offer new opportunities for skeletal muscle tissue engineering since these materials have demonstrated suitable electroactive microenvironments for tissue development. In this study, the influence of the surface charge of piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) on cell adhesion was investigated. The cytoskeletal organization of C2C12 myoblast cells grown on different PVDF samples was studied by immunofluorescence staining, and the interactions between single live cells and PVDF were analyzed using an atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique termed single-cell force spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that C2C12 myoblast cells seeded on samples with net surface charge present a more elongated morphology, this effect being dependent on the surface charge but independent of the poling direction (negative or positive surface charge). It was further shown that the cell deadhesion forces of individual C2C12 cells were higher on PVDF samples with an overall negative surface charge (8.92 ± 0.45 nN) compared to those on nonpoled substrates (zero overall surface charge) (4.06 ± 0.20 nN). These findings explicitly demonstrate that the polarization/surface charge is an important parameter to determine cell fate as it affects C2C12 cell adhesion, which in turn will influence cell behavior, namely, cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ribeiro
- Centro/Departamento de Física , Universidade do Minho , 4710-057 Braga , Portugal
| | - Christina Puckert
- ARC Centre for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Innovation Campus , University of Wollongong , Squires Way , Wollongong , NSW 2500 , Australia
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Centro/Departamento de Física , Universidade do Minho , 4710-057 Braga , Portugal
| | | | - Michael J Higgins
- ARC Centre for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Innovation Campus , University of Wollongong , Squires Way , Wollongong , NSW 2500 , Australia
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures , UPV/EHU Science Park , 48940 Leioa , Spain
- IKERBASQUE , Basque Foundation for Science , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
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14
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Laviale M, Beaussart A, Allen J, Quilès F, El-Kirat-Chatel S. Probing the Adhesion of the Common Freshwater Diatom Nitzschia palea at Nanoscale. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:48574-48582. [PMID: 31766843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater biofilms play an essential ecological role, but they also adversely affect human activities through undesirable biofouling of artificial submerged structures. They form complex aggregates of microorganisms that colonize any type of substratum. In phototrophic biofilms, diatoms dominate in biomass and produce copious amount of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), making them efficient early colonizers. Therefore, a better understanding of diatoms adhesive properties is essential to develop new anti-biofouling strategies. In this context, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to decipher the topography and adhesive mechanisms of the common freshwater diatom Nitzschia palea. Images taken in physiological conditions revealed typical ultrastructural features with a few nanometers resolution. Using single-cell force spectroscopy, we showed that N. palea strongly adheres to hydrophobic surfaces as compared to hydrophilic ones. Chemical force spectroscopy with hydrophobic tips further confirmed that the adhesion is governed by surface-associated hydrophobic EPS distributed in clusters at the frustule surface, and mostly composed of (glyco)-lipids as revealed by Raman spectroscopy. Collectively, our results demonstrate that AFM-based nanoscopy, combined with Raman spectroscopy, is a powerful tool to provide new insights into the adhesion mechanisms of diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Laviale
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC , F-57000 Metz , France
| | | | - Joey Allen
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC , F-57000 Metz , France
| | - Fabienne Quilès
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME , F-54000 Nancy , France
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15
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Oh YJ, Khan ES, Campo AD, Hinterdorfer P, Li B. Nanoscale Characteristics and Antimicrobial Properties of (SI-ATRP)-Seeded Polymer Brush Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:29312-29319. [PMID: 31259525 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbial resistant coatings have raised considerable interest in the biotechnological industry and clinical scenarios to combat the spreading of infections, in particular in implanted medical devices. Polymer brushes covalently attached to surfaces represent a useful platform to identify ideal compositions for preventing bacterial settlement by quantifying bacteria-surface interactions. In this work, a series of polymer brushes with different charges, positively charged poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride] (PMETAC), negatively charged poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt) (PSPMA), and neutral poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) were grafted onto glass surfaces by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization in aqueous conditions. The antimicrobial activity of the polymer brushes against Gram-negative Escherichia coli was tested at the nano- and microscopic level on different time scales, that is, from nm to 100 μm, and ms to 24 h, respectively. The interaction between the polymer brushes and E. coli was studied by single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) and by quantification of the bacterial density on surfaces incubated with bacterial suspensions. E. coli firmly attached to positive PMETAC brushes with high work required for de-adhesion of 28 ± 9 nN·nm, but did not significantly bind to negatively charged PSPMA and neutral PHEMA brushes. Our studies of bacterial adhesion using polymer brushes with controllable chemistry provide essential insights into bacterial surface interactions and the origins of bacterial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jin Oh
- Institute of Biophysics , Johannes Kepler University Linz , Gruberstrasse 40 , A-4020 Linz , Austria
| | - Essak S Khan
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2.2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Chemistry Department , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2.2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Chemistry Department , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Institute of Biophysics , Johannes Kepler University Linz , Gruberstrasse 40 , A-4020 Linz , Austria
| | - Bin Li
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2.2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
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16
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Omidvar R, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M, Mahmoodi-Nobar F, Azadi S, Khani MM. Quantifying effects of cyclic stretch on cell-collagen substrate adhesiveness of vascular endothelial cells. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2018; 232:531-541. [PMID: 29609522 DOI: 10.1177/0954411918767477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelium is continuously subjected to mechanical stimulation in the form of shear forces due to blood flow as well as tensile forces as a consequence of blood pressure. Such stimuli influence endothelial behavior and regulate cell-tissue interaction for an optimized functionality. This study aimed to quantify influence of cyclic stretch on the adhesive property and stiffness of endothelial cells. The 10% cyclic stretch with frequency of 1 Hz was applied to a layer of endothelial cells cultured on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate. Cell-substrate adhesion of endothelial cells was examined by the novel approach of atomic force microscope-based single-cell force spectroscopy and cell stiffness was measured by atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, the adhesive molecular bonds were evaluated using modified Hertz contact theory. Our results show that overall adhesion of endothelial cells with substrate decreased after cyclic stretch while they became stiffer. Based on the experimental results and theoretical modeling, the decrease in the number of molecular bonds after cyclic stretch was quantified. In conclusion, in vitro cyclic stretch caused alterations in both adhesive capacity and elastic modulus of endothelial cells through mechanotransductive pathways as two major determinants of the function of these cells within the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Omidvar
- 1 Cardiovascular Engineering Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran.,2 Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), Albert-Ludwig-University Freiburg, Schötzerstraße 18, 79104 Freibug, Germany
| | - Mohammad Tafazzoli-Shadpour
- 1 Cardiovascular Engineering Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farbod Mahmoodi-Nobar
- 1 Cardiovascular Engineering Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Azadi
- 1 Cardiovascular Engineering Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Mehdi Khani
- 3 Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,4 Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Erabi St, Yaman St, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Kristensen MF, Zeng G, Neu TR, Meyer RL, Baelum V, Schlafer S. Osteopontin adsorption to Gram-positive cells reduces adhesion forces and attachment to surfaces under flow. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1379826. [PMID: 29081915 PMCID: PMC5646589 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1379826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine milk protein osteopontin (OPN) may be an efficient means to prevent bacterial adhesion to dental tissues and control biofilm formation. This study sought to determine to what extent OPN impacts adhesion forces and surface attachment of different bacterial strains involved in dental caries or medical device–related infections. It further investigated if OPN’s effect on adhesion is caused by blocking the accessibility of glycoconjugates on bacterial surfaces. Bacterial adhesion was determined in a shear-controlled flow cell system in the presence of different concentrations of OPN, and interaction forces of single bacteria were quantified using single-cell force spectroscopy before and after OPN exposure. Moreover, the study investigated OPN’s effect on the accessibility of cell surface glycoconjugates through fluorescence lectin-binding analysis. OPN strongly affected bacterial adhesion in a dose-dependent manner for all investigated species (Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus, Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus oralis). Likewise, adhesion forces decreased after OPN treatment. No effect of OPN on the lectin-accessibility to glycoconjugates was found. OPN reduces the adhesion and adhesion force/energy of a variety of bacteria and has a potential therapeutic use for biofilm control. OPN acts upon bacterial adhesion without blocking cell surface glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Kristensen
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - G Zeng
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T R Neu
- Department of River Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - R L Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Section of Microbiology, Department of Bioscience;Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - V Baelum
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S Schlafer
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Section of Microbiology, Department of Bioscience;Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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18
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Sankaran S, Jaatinen L, Brinkmann J, Zambelli T, Vörös J, Jonkheijm P. Cell Adhesion on Dynamic Supramolecular Surfaces Probed by Fluid Force Microscopy-Based Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy. ACS Nano 2017; 11:3867-3874. [PMID: 28319669 PMCID: PMC5406783 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic and stimuli-responsive cell-material interfaces are actively being developed to study and control various cell-dynamics phenomena. Since cells naturally reside in the highly dynamic and complex environment of the extracellular matrix, attempts are being made to replicate these conditions in synthetic biomaterials. Supramolecular chemistry, dealing with noncovalent interactions, has recently provided possibilities to incorporate such dynamicity and responsiveness in various types of architectures. Using a cucurbit[8]uril-based host-guest system, we have successfully established a dynamic and electrochemically responsive interface for the display of the integrin-specific ligand, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), to promote cell adhesion. Due to the weak nature of the noncovalent forces by which the components at the interface are held together, we expected that cell adhesion would also be weaker in comparison to traditional interfaces where ligands are usually immobilized by covalent linkages. To assess the stability and limitations of our noncovalent interfaces, we performed single-cell force spectroscopy studies using fluid force microscopy. This technique enabled us to measure rupture forces of multiple cells that were allowed to adhere for several hours on individual substrates. We found that the rupture forces of cells adhered to both the noncovalent and covalent interfaces were nearly identical for up to several hours. We have analyzed and elucidated the reasons behind this result as a combination of factors including the weak rupture force between linear Arg-Gly-Asp and integrin, high surface density of the ligand, and increase in effective concentration of the supramolecular components under spread cells. These characteristics enable the construction of highly dynamic biointerfaces without compromising cell-adhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikrishnan Sankaran
- Bioinspired
Molecular Engineering Laboratory, MIRA Institute for
Biomedical Research and Technical Medicine and Molecular Nanofabrication Group,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Leena Jaatinen
- Department
of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, BioMediTech, Finn-Medi 1 L 4, Biokatu 6, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jenny Brinkmann
- Bioinspired
Molecular Engineering Laboratory, MIRA Institute for
Biomedical Research and Technical Medicine and Molecular Nanofabrication Group,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Janos Vörös
- Laboratory
of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Bioinspired
Molecular Engineering Laboratory, MIRA Institute for
Biomedical Research and Technical Medicine and Molecular Nanofabrication Group,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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19
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Abstract
Piezo receptors convert mechanical forces into electrical signals. In mammals, they play important roles in basic physiological functions including proprioception, sensation of touch, and vascular development. However, basic receptor properties like the gating mechanism, the interaction with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and the response to mechanical stimulation, remain poorly understood. Here, we establish an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based assay to mechanically stimulate Piezo1 receptors in living animal cells, while monitoring receptor activation in real-time using functional calcium imaging. Our experiments show that in the absence of ECM proteins Piezo1 receptors are relatively insensitive to mechanical forces pushing the cellular membrane, whereas they can hardly be activated by mechanically pulling the membrane. Yet, if conjugated with Matrigel, a mix of ECM proteins, the receptors become sensitized. Thereby, forces pulling the cellular membrane activate the receptor much more efficiently compared to pushing forces. Finally, we found that collagen IV, a component of the basal lamina, which forms a cohesive network and mechanical connection between cells, sensitizes Piezo1 receptors to mechanical pulling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Gaub
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich , 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich , 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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20
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Abstract
Cell adhesion is regulated by molecularly defined protein interactions and by mechanical forces, which can activate a dynamic restructuring of adhesion sites. Previous attempts to explore the response of cell adhesion to forces have been limited to applying mechanical stimuli that involve the cytoskeleton. In contrast, we here apply a new, oscillatory type of stimulus through push-pull azobenzenes. Push-pull azobenzenes perform a high-frequency, molecular oscillation upon irradiation with visible light that has frequently been applied in polymer surface relief grating. We here use these oscillations to address single adhesion receptors. The effect of molecular oscillatory forces on cell adhesion has been analyzed using single-cell force spectroscopy and gene expression studies. Our experiments demonstrate a reinforcement of cell adhesion as well as upregulated expression levels of adhesion-associated genes as a result of the nanoscale "tickling" of integrins. This novel type of mechanical stimulus provides a previously unprecedented molecular control of cellular mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith F. Kadem
- Institute of Materials ScienceUniversity of KielKaiserstr. 224143KielGermany
| | - K. Grace Suana
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 4KielGermany
| | - Michelle Holz
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 4KielGermany
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Materials ScienceUniversity of KielKaiserstr. 224143KielGermany
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryChinese Academy of Sciences230031Hefei, AnhuiChina
| | - Hannes Westerhaus
- Institute of Materials ScienceUniversity of KielKaiserstr. 224143KielGermany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 4KielGermany
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21
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Varga B, Fazakas C, Molnár J, Wilhelm I, Domokos RA, Krizbai IA, Szegletes Z, Váró G, Végh AG. Direct mapping of melanoma cell - endothelial cell interactions. J Mol Recognit 2016; 30. [PMID: 28008676 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The most life-threatening aspect of cancer is metastasis; cancer patient mortality is mainly due to metastasis. Among all metastases, presence of brain metastasis is one with the poorest prognosis; the median survival time can be counted in months. Therefore, prevention or decreasing their incidence would be highly desired both by patients and physicians. Metastatic cells invading the brain must breach the cerebral vasculature, primarily the blood-brain barrier. The key step in this process is the establishment of firm adhesion between the cancer cell and the cerebral endothelial layer. Using the atomic force microscope, a high-resolution force spectrograph, our aim was to explore the connections among the cell morphology, cellular mechanics, and biological function in the process of transendothelial migration of metastatic cancer cells. By immobilization of a melanoma cell to an atomic force microscope's cantilever, intercellular adhesion was directly measured at quasi-physiological conditions. Hereby, we present our latest results by using this melanoma-decorated probe. Binding characteristics to a confluent layer of brain endothelial cells was directly measured by means of single-cell force spectroscopy. Adhesion dynamics and strength were characterized, and we present data about spatial distribution of elasticity and detachment strength. These results highlight the importance of cellular mechanics in brain metastasis formation and emphasize the enormous potential toward exploration of intercellular dynamic-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Varga
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Laboratoire Charles Coulomb L2C, UMR 5221, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Réka A Domokos
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Physics, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University, Arad, Romania
| | - Zsolt Szegletes
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Váró
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila G Végh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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22
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Smolyakov G, Thiebot B, Campillo C, Labdi S, Severac C, Pelta J, Dague É. Elasticity, Adhesion, and Tether Extrusion on Breast Cancer Cells Provide a Signature of Their Invasive Potential. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:27426-27431. [PMID: 27701866 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We use single-cell force spectroscopy to compare elasticity, adhesion, and tether extrusion on four breast cancer cell lines with an increasing invasive potential. We perform cell attachment/detachment experiments either on fibronectin or on another cell using an atomic force microscope. Our study on the membrane tether formation from cancer cells show that they are easier to extrude from aggressive invasive cells. Measured elastic modulus values confirm that more invasive cells are softer. Moreover, the adhesion force increases with the invasive potential. Our results provide a mechanical signature of breast cancer cells that correlates with their invasivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Smolyakov
- ITAV CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse 31062, France
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Bénédicte Thiebot
- Laboratoire d'Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement LAMBE-CNRS, Université d'Evry , Evry F-91025, France
| | - Clément Campillo
- Laboratoire d'Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement LAMBE-CNRS, Université d'Evry , Evry F-91025, France
| | - Sid Labdi
- Laboratoire d'Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement LAMBE-CNRS, Université d'Evry , Evry F-91025, France
| | | | - Juan Pelta
- Laboratoire d'Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement LAMBE-CNRS, Université d'Evry , Evry F-91025, France
| | - Étienne Dague
- ITAV CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse 31062, France
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse 31400, France
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23
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Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is a Gram-positive oral bacterium that is a primary etiological agent associated with human dental caries. In the oral cavity, S. mutans adheres to immobilized salivary agglutinin (SAG) contained within the salivary pellicle on the tooth surface. Binding to SAG is mediated by cell surface P1, a multifunctional adhesin that is also capable of interacting with extracellular matrix proteins. This may be of particular importance outside of the oral cavity as S. mutans has been associated with infective endocarditis and detected in atherosclerotic plaque. Despite the biomedical importance of P1, its binding mechanisms are not completely understood. In this work, we use atomic force microscopy-based single-molecule and single-cell force spectroscopy to quantify the nanoscale forces driving P1-mediated adhesion. Single-molecule experiments show that full-length P1, as well as fragments containing only the P1 globular head or C-terminal region, binds to SAG with relatively weak forces (∼50 pN). In contrast, single-cell analyses reveal that adhesion of a single S. mutans cell to SAG is mediated by strong (∼500 pN) and long-range (up to 6000 nm) forces. This is likely due to the binding of multiple P1 adhesins to self-associated gp340 glycoproteins. Such a cooperative, long-range character of the S. mutans-SAG interaction would therefore dramatically increase the strength and duration of cell adhesion. We also demonstrate, at single-molecule and single-cell levels, the interaction of P1 with fibronectin and collagen, as well as with hydrophobic, but not hydrophilic, substrates. The binding mechanism (strong forces, cooperativity, broad specificity) of P1 provides a molecular basis for its multifunctional adhesion properties. Our methodology represents a valuable approach to probe the binding forces of bacterial adhesins and offers a tractable methodology to assess anti-adhesion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby May A. Sullan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium B-1348
| | - James K. Li
- Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
| | - Paula J. Crowley
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32603, United States
| | - L. Jeannine Brady
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32603, United States
| | - Yves F. Dufrêne
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium B-1348
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24
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El-Kirat-Chatel S, Beaussart A, Derclaye S, Alsteens D, Kucharíková S, Van Dijck P, Dufrêne YF. Force nanoscopy of hydrophobic interactions in the fungal pathogen Candida glabrata. ACS Nano 2015; 9:1648-1655. [PMID: 25621738 DOI: 10.1021/nn506370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Candida glabrata is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen which binds to surfaces mainly through the Epa family of cell adhesion proteins. While some Epa proteins mediate specific lectin-like interactions with human epithelial cells, others promote adhesion and biofilm formation on plastic surfaces via nonspecific interactions that are not yet elucidated. We report the measurement of hydrophobic forces engaged in Epa6-mediated cell adhesion by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Using single-cell force spectroscopy, we found that C. glabrata wild-type (WT) cells attach to hydrophobic surfaces via strongly adhesive macromolecular bonds, while mutant cells impaired in Epa6 expression are weakly adhesive. Nanoscale mapping of yeast cells using AFM tips functionalized with hydrophobic groups shows that Epa6 is massively exposed on WT cells and conveys strong hydrophobic properties to the cell surface. Our results demonstrate that Epa6 mediates strong hydrophobic interactions, thereby providing a molecular basis for the ability of this adhesin to drive biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane El-Kirat-Chatel
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud, 1, bte L7.04.01, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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25
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Beaussart A, Baker AE, Kuchma SL, El-Kirat-Chatel S, O’Toole GA, Dufrêne YF. Nanoscale adhesion forces of Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV Pili. ACS Nano 2014; 8:10723-10733. [PMID: 25286300 PMCID: PMC4212785 DOI: 10.1021/nn5044383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A variety of bacterial pathogens use nanoscale protein fibers called type IV pili to mediate cell adhesion, a primary step leading to infection. Currently, how these nanofibers respond to mechanical stimuli and how this response is used to control adhesion is poorly understood. Here, we use atomic force microscopy techniques to quantify the forces guiding the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pili to surfaces. Using chemical force microscopy and single-cell force spectroscopy, we show that pili strongly bind to hydrophobic surfaces in a time-dependent manner, while they weakly bind to hydrophilic surfaces. Individual nanofibers are capable of withstanding forces up to 250 pN, thereby explaining how they can resist mechanical stress. Pulling on individual pili yields constant force plateaus, presumably reflecting conformational changes, as well as nanospring properties that may help bacteria to withstand physiological shear forces. Analysis of mutant strains demonstrates that these mechanical responses originate solely from type IV pili, while flagella and the cell surface localized and proposed pili-associated adhesin PilY1 play no direct role. We also demonstrate that bacterial-host interactions involve constant force plateaus, the extension of bacterial pili, and the formation of membrane tethers from host cells. We postulate that the unique mechanical responses of type IV pili unravelled here enable the bacteria to firmly attach to biotic and abiotic surfaces and thus maintain attachment when subjected to high shear forces under physiological conditions, helping to explain why pili play a critical role in colonization of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Beaussart
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 1, bte L7.04.01., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Amy E. Baker
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Sherry L. Kuchma
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Sofiane El-Kirat-Chatel
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 1, bte L7.04.01., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - George A. O’Toole
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Yves F. Dufrêne
- Institute of Life Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 1, bte L7.04.01., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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26
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Beaussart A, Herman P, El-Kirat-Chatel S, Lipke PN, Kucharíková S, Van Dijck P, Dufrêne YF. Single-cell force spectroscopy of the medically important Staphylococcus epidermidis-Candida albicans interaction. Nanoscale 2013; 5:10894-900. [PMID: 24057018 PMCID: PMC3825105 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03272h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the clinical importance of bacterial-fungal interactions, their molecular details are poorly understood. A hallmark of such medically important interspecies associations is the interaction between the two nosocomial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, which can lead to mixed biofilm-associated infections with enhanced antibiotic resistance. Here, we use single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) to quantify the forces engaged in bacterial-fungal co-adhesion, focusing on the poorly investigated S. epidermidis-C. albicans interaction. Force curves recorded between single bacterial and fungal germ tubes showed large adhesion forces (~5 nN) with extended rupture lengths (up to 500 nm). By contrast, bacteria poorly adhered to yeast cells, emphasizing the important role of the yeast-to-hyphae transition in mediating adhesion to bacterial cells. Analysis of mutant strains altered in cell wall composition allowed us to distinguish the main fungal components involved in adhesion, i.e. Als proteins and O-mannosylations. We suggest that the measured co-adhesion forces are involved in the formation of mixed biofilms, thus possibly as well in promoting polymicrobial infections. In the future, we anticipate that this SCFS platform will be used in nanomedicine to decipher the molecular mechanisms of a wide variety of pathogen-pathogen interactions and may help in designing novel anti-adhesion agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Beaussart
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Life Sciences, Croix du Sud, 1, bte L7.04.01., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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27
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Wittenburg G, Lauer G, Oswald S, Labudde D, Franz CM. Nanoscale topographic changes on sterilized glass surfaces affect cell adhesion and spreading. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:2755-66. [PMID: 24027204 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Producing sterile glass surfaces is of great importance for a wide range of laboratory and medical applications, including in vitro cell culture and tissue engineering. However, sterilization may change the surface properties of glass and thereby affect its use for medical applications, for instance as a substrate for culturing cells. To investigate potential effects of sterilization on glass surface topography, borosilicate glass coverslips were left untreated or subjected to several common sterilization procedures, including low-temperature plasma gas, gamma irradiation and steam. Imaging by atomic force microscopy demonstrated that the surface of untreated borosilicate coverslips features a complex landscape of microislands ranging from 1000 to 3000 nm in diameter and 1 to 3 nm in height. Steam treatment completely removes these microislands, producing a nanosmooth glass surface. In contrast, plasma treatment partially degrades the microisland structure, while gamma irradiation has no effect on microisland topography. To test for possible effects of the nanotopographic structures on cell adhesion, human gingival fibroblasts were seeded on untreated or sterilized glass surfaces. Analyzing fibroblast adhesion 3, 6, and 24 h after cell seeding revealed significant differences in cell attachment and spreading depending on the sterilization method applied. Furthermore, single-cell force spectroscopy revealed a connection between the nanotopographic landscape of glass and the formation of cellular adhesion forces, indicating that fibroblasts generally adhere weakly to nanosmooth but strongly to nanorough glass surfaces. Nanotopographic changes induced by different sterilization methods may therefore need to be considered when preparing sterile glass surfaces for cell culture or biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretel Wittenburg
- Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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28
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Jaczewska J, Abdulreda MH, Yau CY, Schmitt MM, Schubert I, Berggren PO, Weber C, Koenen RR, Moy VT, Wojcikiewicz EP. TNF-α and IFN-γ promote lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial junctional regions facilitating transendothelial migration. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 95:265-74. [PMID: 24072879 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0412205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions induce redistribution of junctional adhesion receptors toward the apical regions of endothelial cells promoting lymphocyte TEM. Much of the molecular structures of TEM have been revealed; however, the biophysical mechanisms underlying this process remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we used immunofluorescence microscopy and AFM to study endothelial distribution of adhesion molecules upon lymphocyte activation and transmigration. Our immunofluorescence results revealed redistribution of JAM-A and PECAM-1 but not ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 toward the apical junctional regions of HUVECs following a 6-h stimulation with TNF-α and IFN-γ. Consistently, our SCFS studies revealed that Jurkat cell adhesion to stimulated HUVEC monolayers was significantly greater in junctional regions. Enhanced adhesion was mediated mostly by JAM-A receptors. Further AFM adhesion mapping of the homophilic JAM-A/JAM-A interaction on the surfaces of HUVECs revealed a greater number of JAM-A receptors available for binding along junctional regions after TNF-α and IFN-γ stimulation. Our data reveal for the first time that adhesion "hot spots" of JAM-A receptors are involved in initiating lymphocyte TEM under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Jaczewska
- 1.Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd., P.O. Box 3091, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
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