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Song Y, Long J, Dunkers JP, Woodcock JW, Lin H, Fox DM, Liao X, Lv Y, Yang L, Chiang MYM. Micromechanical Compatibility between Cells and Scaffolds Directs the Phenotypic Transition of Stem Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:58152-58161. [PMID: 34808061 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study experimentally substantiates that the micromechanical compatibility between cell and substrate is essential for cells to achieve energetically favorable mechanotransduction that directs phenotypic transitions. The argument for this compatibility is based on a thermodynamic model that suggests that the response of cells to their substrate mechanical environment is a consequence of the interchange between forms of energy governing the cell-substrate interaction. Experimental validation for the model has been carried out by investigating the osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) seeded on electrospun fibrous scaffolds. Electrospinning of blends containing polycaprolactone (PCL) and silk fibroin (SF) with varying composition of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) resulted in three-dimensional (3D) fibrous scaffolds with bimodal distribution of fiber diameter, which provides both macroscopically stiff and microscopically compliant scaffolds for cells without affecting the surface chemical functionality of scaffolds. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a colloidal probe and single-cell force spectroscopy were used to characterize cell stiffness and scaffold stiffness on the cellular level, as well as cell-scaffold adhesive interaction (chemical functionality). This study has successfully varied scaffold mechanical properties without affecting their surface chemistry. In vitro tests indicate that the micromechanical compatibility between cells and scaffolds has been significantly correlated with mechanosensitive gene expression markers and osteogenic differentiation markers of DFSCs. The agreement between experimental observations and the thermodynamic model affirms that the cellular response to the mechanical environment, though biological in nature, follows the laws of the energy interchange to achieve its self-regulating behavior. More importantly, this study provides systematic evidence, through extensive and rigorous experimental studies, for the first time that rationalizes that micromechanical compatibility is indeed important to the efficacy of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jiaoyue Long
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Kangcell Biotechnology, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Joy P Dunkers
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jeremiah W Woodcock
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Hungchun Lin
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Douglas M Fox
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, District of Columbia 20016, United States
| | - Xiaoling Liao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 400050, China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Li Yang
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Martin Y M Chiang
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Zhang B, Yu B, Zhou W, Wang Y, Sun Z, Wu X, Chen S, Ni M, Hu Y. Mobile Plasmid Mediated Transition From Colistin-Sensitive to Resistant Phenotype in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:619369. [PMID: 33658985 PMCID: PMC7917065 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.619369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), are becoming an increasing health crisis worldwide. For CRKP, colistin is regarded as "the last treatment option." In this study, we isolated a clinical CRKP strain named as K. pneumoniae R10-341. Phenotyping analysis showed that this strain could transit from a colistin-sensitive to a resistant phenotype by inserting an IS4 family ISKpn72 element into the colistin-resistance associated mgrB gene. To investigate the mechanism of this transition, we performed genome sequencing analysis of the colistin-sensitive parental strain and found that 12 copies of ISKpn72 containing direct repeats (DR) are located on the chromosome and 1 copy without DR is located on a multidrug-resistant plasmid pR10-341_2. Both types of ISKpn72 could be inserted into the mgrB gene to cause colistin-resistance, though the plasmid-derived ISKpn72 without DR was in higher efficiency. Importantly, we demonstrated that colistin-sensitive K. pneumoniae strain transferred with the ISKpn72 element also obtained the ability to switch from colistin-sensitive to colistin-resistant phenotype. Furthermore, we confirmed that the ISKpn72-containing pR10-341_2 plasmid was able to conjugate, suggesting that the ability of causing colistin-resistant transition is transferable through common conjugation. Our results point to new challenges for both colistin-resistance detection and CRKP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangbo Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Lin J, Jiang Z, Liu C, Zhou D, Song J, Liao Y, Chen J. Emerging Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Renal Fibrosis. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E131. [PMID: 32752143 DOI: 10.3390/life10080131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is an unavoidable consequence that occurs in nearly all of the nephropathies. It is characterized by a superabundant deposition and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). All compartments in the kidney can be affected, including interstitium, glomeruli, vasculature, and other connective tissue, during the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. The development of this process eventually causes destruction of renal parenchyma and end-stage renal failure, which is a devastating disease that requires renal replacement therapies. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been emerging as key regulators governing gene expression and affecting various biological processes. These versatile roles include transcriptional regulation, organization of nuclear domains, and the regulation of RNA molecules or proteins. Current evidence proposes the involvement of lncRNAs in the pathologic process of kidney fibrosis. In this review, the biological relevance of lncRNAs in renal fibrosis will be clarified as important novel regulators and potential therapeutic targets. The biology, and subsequently the current understanding, of lncRNAs in renal fibrosis are demonstrated—highlighting the involvement of lncRNAs in kidney cell function, phenotype transition, and vascular damage and rarefaction. Finally, we discuss challenges and future prospects of lncRNAs in diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets, hoping to further inspire the management of renal fibrosis.
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Yan Y, Tan MW, Xue X, Ding XY, Wang GK, Xu ZY. Involvement of Oct4 in the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic dissection via inducing the dedifferentiated phenotype of human aortic smooth muscle cells by directly upregulating KLF5. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 152:820-829.e4. [PMID: 27353340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of Oct4 in human thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) and the regulation mechanisms of Oct4 on phenotype transition of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). METHODS Aortic samples from TAD patients (n = 12) and organ donors (n = 6) were collected. qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were performed to identify Oct4 expression in aortic media. Immunofluorescence was performed to analyze Oct4 expression in primary HASMCs. Oct4A and Oct4B isoforms were detected. Gain-of-function experiments were performed to determine the effects of Oct4 on HASMC phenotype transition. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase assay, and rescue experiments were performed to analyze mechanisms of Oct4 on HASMC phenotype transition. RESULTS Oct4 expression levels, especially the Oct4A isoform, were significantly higher in TAD patients compared with normal controls. Notably, Oct4 presented a strong and strict nuclear localization in primary HASMCs of TAD patients but a mild and diffuse distribution in both cytoplasm and nucleus in the control group. Overexpression of Oct4 induced dedifferentiation of HASMCs characterized by decreased contractile proteins and elevated migration capability. Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) was found to be a directly regulated target gene of Oct4 in HASMCs. Furthermore, downregulation of KLF5 significantly alleviated the effects of Oct4 on phenotype transition of HASMCs. CONCLUSIONS Oct4 expression was significantly upregulated in aortic tissues and primary HASMCs of TAD patients. The increased Oct4 induced phenotype transition of HASMCs from the contractile type to the synthetic type by directly upregulating KLF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Wei Tan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue-Yan Ding
- Cardiovascular Therapeutic Centre, The 117 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Kun Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, Zhejiang, China.
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Shi H, Zhang Y, Fu S, Lu Z, Ye W, Xiao Y. Angiotensin II as a morphogenic cytokine stimulating fibrogenesis of human tenon's capsule fibroblasts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:855-64. [PMID: 25564450 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the expression of Angiotensin II (Ang II) and its type I, and type II receptors (AT1R, AT2R) in rabbit Tenon's capsule fibroblasts after trabeculectomy, and to investigate the effects of Ang II on cultured human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) proliferation, migration, phenotype transition, and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. METHODS In the rabbit, expression of Ang II, AT1R, and AT2R in Tenon's capsule fibroblasts of eyes after trabeculectomy was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Ang II levels in aqueous humor and plasma were assessed by ELISA. Cultured HTFs, obtained from patients undergoing cataract surgery, were treated with Ang II, TGF-β1, or vehicle control. Cell proliferation and migration were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assay, and wound scratch assay, respectively. Protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN) were measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Messenger RNA expressions of α-SMA and FN were measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS In the rabbit, the expression of Ang II and AT1R increased from 1 day after surgery while AT2R increased from 7 days. In cultured HTFs, Ang II promoted cell proliferation and migration significantly (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the effect of 10(-7) M Ang II was more prominent than higher concentrations (10(-5) M; P < 0.05). Ang II also markedly induced the expression of α-SMA and FN, suggesting a phenotypic transition to myofibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that trabeculectomy alter the levels of Ang II and its receptors in Tenon's capsule fibroblasts, and that Ang II increase HTFs proliferation, migration, and phenotype transition, suggesting that Ang II may play a role in wound healing after trabeculectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Shi
- Huashan Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- Huashan Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhao Fu
- Huashan Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaozeng Lu
- Huashan Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Ye
- Huashan Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Xiao
- Huashan Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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