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Van Dessel G, De Wolf M, Hilderson HJ, Lagrou A, Dierick W. Intracellular and extracellular flow of dolichol. Subcell Biochem 1990; 16:227-78. [PMID: 2238005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1621-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Van Dessel
- UIA-Laboratory for Pathological Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Carson DD, Tang JP, Hu G. Estrogen influences dolichyl phosphate distribution among glycolipid pools in mouse uteri. Biochemistry 1987; 26:1598-606. [PMID: 3593679 DOI: 10.1021/bi00380a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The steroid hormone 17 beta-estradiol dramatically induces uterine N-linked glycoprotein assembly [Dutt, A., Tang, J.-P., Welply, J. K., & Carson, D. D. (1986) Endocrinology (Baltimore) 118, 661-673]. To determine the role that dolichyl phosphate availability plays in this induction, we studied the effects of estrogen priming on the content of dolichyl phosphate and the distribution of dolichyl phosphate among various glycolipids in uteri. Dolichol-linked saccharides were metabolically labeled to equilibrium with either [3H]glucosamine or [3H]mannose and extracted from primary explants of uterine tissue. The amount of dolichol-linked saccharide was calculated from the specific radioactivity determined for the corresponding sugar nucleotides extracted from the tissues. The major dolichol-linked saccharides identified were mannosylphosphoryldolichol (MPD), oligosaccharylpyrophosphoryldolichol (OSL), and N,N'-diacetylchitobiosylpyrophosphoryldolichol (CBL). Estrogen increased the levels of MPD and OSL 4-fold; however, CBL levels did not change. After 3 days of treatment, the levels of these glycolipids were very similar to those in uteri from pregnant mice. Remarkably, MPD constituted 90-95% of dolichol-linked saccharides detected under all conditions. The tissue contents of total dolichyl phosphate and alkali-labile dolichyl phosphate, presumably MPD, were estimated by liquid chromatography. The levels of alkali-labile dolichyl phosphate determined in this way were in good agreement with the values estimated for MPD by metabolic labeling; moreover, alkali-labile dolichyl phosphate constituted 50-98% of the total dolichyl phosphate pool. The variations in MPD content depended upon the steroid hormone influence, most notably that of estrogen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Ram BP, Munjal DD. Galactosyltransferases: physical, chemical, and biological aspects. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY 1985; 17:257-311. [PMID: 3920003 DOI: 10.3109/10409238509113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Galactosyltransferases (GTs) are one of the members of a family of enzymes called glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of complex carbohydrates. These enzymes catalyze the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to an acceptor (glycoprotein, glycolipid) containing terminal N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine residue. GTs occur in soluble (milk, serum, effusions, etc.) and insoluble (membrane) forms. The GT activities on the outer surface of the cells have been correlated with a host of cellular interactions, including fertilization, cell migration, embryonic induction, chondrogenesis, contact inhibition of growth, cell adhesion, hemostasis, intestinal cell differentiation, and immune recognition. GTs have been purified to homogeneity using affinity chromatography. Most GTs are found active in the pH range 6 to 8 and at temperatures between 35 to 40 degrees C. Manganese is an essential co-factor for GT activity. Isoenzymes of GT have been recognized, especially in tumor tissues, malignant effusions, and sera of cancer patients using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of SDS. Depending on the source of the enzyme, the molecular weights of GTs range between 40,000 to 80,000 daltons. Carcinoma-associated GT isoenzyme has been reported to have a higher molecular weight than the normal GT isoenzyme. Development of monoclonal antibody against the cancer-specific GT isoenzyme will provide help in the development of an immunoassay for the measurement of this isoenzyme in the sera and an aid in the radioimmunolocalization of the tumors in cancer patients.
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Sunamoto J, Iwamoto K, Tezuka T, Kadosaki K, Kondo H. Liposomal membranes. XIV. Fusion of liposomal membranes induced by polyisoprenoids as monitored by fluorescence quenching method. Chem Phys Lipids 1983; 33:127-33. [PMID: 6627530 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(83)90016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fusion of the single-walled liposomes of egg phosphatidylcholine as induced by the polyisoprenoids such as solanesol, trans-ethyl decaprenoate (EDP), coenzyme Q10, and dolichol has been investigated adopting the fluorescence quenching method. Relative efficiency of the polyisoprenoids employed on the induced fusion of liposomes was a sequence of solanesol less than or equal to EDP much less than CoQ10, dolichol, which was consistent with the result previously obtained by the dye-release method.
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Quesada-Allue LA, Parodi AJ. Novel mannose carrier in the trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata behaving as a short alpha-saturated polyprenyl phosphate. Biochem J 1983; 212:123-8. [PMID: 6870847 PMCID: PMC1152018 DOI: 10.1042/bj2120123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Crithidia fasciculata cells incubated with [14C]glucose or membranes derived from the same protozoan incubated with GDP-[14C]mannose were found to synthesize a lipid monophosphate mannose. No glucosylated mild acid-labile compound was formed in vivo or in vitro when UDP-[14C]glucose was used instead of GDP-[14C]mannose. The lipid moiety of the mannosyl derivative formed behaved as a polyprenol having 11 isoprene residues as judged by t.l.c. and be gel filtration in sodium deoxycholate-containing buffers. The mannolipid was not broken on treatment with hot phenol, suggesting the existence of an alpha-saturated isoprene unit. This is the first case reported in which a mannosyl phospholipid involved in sugar transfer in a eukaryotic cell behaves as if it was similar to that of bacterial polyprenols, although having its putative alpha-isoprene unit saturated to the same extent as dolichols from higher organisms.
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Santa Cruz AR, Quesada Allue LA, Baldi A. Lipid-bound sugars in malignant human breast tumors. Partial characterization of mannosyl and glucosyl transferase activities. Mol Cell Biochem 1983; 56:55-66. [PMID: 6195518 DOI: 10.1007/bf00228769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Microsomal preparations from malignant human breast tumors catalyzed the transfer of mannose and glucose from GDP-[14C]-Man and UDP-[14C]-Glc into lipid-linked sugars and glycoprotein-like substances. As judged by several criteria the obtained lipid-linked monosaccharides behaved as dolichyl phosphate mannose and dolichyl phosphate glucose whereas lipid-linked oligosaccharides behaved as polyprenyl diphosphate derivatives. The optimum conditions for mannosyl- and glucosyl-transfer reactions and the effect of dolichyl phosphate, detergent and EDTA on incubation mixture were described.
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Levrat C, Louisot P. Biosynthesis of pulmonary glycoconjugates--V. Biosynthesis of oligosaccharide inner core region of N-glycoprotein in lung microsomes. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1983; 76:755-62. [PMID: 6661899 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(83)90389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lung microsomes are able to synthesize dolichyl-mannosyl-phosphate, which stimulates the biosynthesis of a product (P1), soluble in chloroform/methanol/water (10:10:3, v/v). In presence of pulmonary dolichyl-mannosyl-phosphate, liver microsomes synthesized 3 mannosylated products: X1 product recovered in chloroform/methanol extract, X2 and X3 products soluble in chloroform/methanol/water (10:10:3, v/v). Mild acid hydrolysis of P1 product released one mannosylated oligosaccharide which remained at the origin in our solvent system, since two mannosylated oligosaccharides, released from products synthesized in liver, moved very slowly. Addition of N,N'-diacetyl [14C]chitobiosyl-pyrophosphoryl-dolichol to lung microsomes incubated with GDP-[3H]mannose stimulated the synthesis of a [3H, 14C]product extracted with chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v). Mild acid hydrolysis of this product released [3H, 14C]oligosaccharide which moved very slowly on paper chromatography, in our solvent system. These results demonstrate that lung tissue can synthesize the oligosaccharide inner core region of N-glycoprotein with the sequence (Man)x-(GlcNac)2. But pulmonary dolichol pool is probably involved in other lipid biosynthesis pathways.
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Geetha-Habib M, Bouck GB. Synthesis and mobilization of flagellar glycoproteins during regeneration in Euglena. J Cell Biol 1982; 93:432-41. [PMID: 6807997 PMCID: PMC2112849 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.93.2.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Flagellar glycoprotein synthesis and mobilization of flagellar glycoprotein pools have been followed during flagellar regeneration in Euglena. The glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin has little effect on either regeneration kinetics or the complement of flagellar peptides as seen in SDS acrylamide gels, but tunicamycin totally inhibits incorporation of exogenously supplied [14C]xylose into flagellar glycoproteins. Moreover, deflagellated cells pulsed with tunicamycin for 0 min or more, regenerated for 180 min, and then redeflagellated are completely or partially inhibited from undergoing a second regeneration even when tunicamycin is no longer present. These facts are interpreted as indicating that Euglena retains sufficient glycoprotein pool for one complete flagellar assembly. Some of this pool is present on the cell surface since [125I]-labeled surface peptides can be chased into the regenerating flagellum. Glycosylation may also be taking place in the flagellum directly because [14C]xylose has been found in three flagellar fractions: glycoprotein and two others, which are lipophilic and have properties similar to those described for lipid-carrier glycoprotein intermediates in other systems. Pulse-chase experiments also suggest a precursor-product relationship between the presumptive lipid carriers and flagellar glycoproteins. From these results a model is postulated in which Euglena is visualized as retaining sufficient pool of glycoprotein for one complete flagellar regeneration, but the pool is normally supplemented by active xylosylation in situ during regeneration.
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Staneloni RJ, Leloir LF. The biosynthetic pathway of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOCHEMISTRY 1982; 12:289-326. [PMID: 6806012 DOI: 10.1080/10409238209104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This review deals with the structure and addition of the different types of oligosaccharides to asparagine residues in proteins. This process occurs in several steps, first an oligosaccharide which contains N-acetylglucosamine mannose and glucose is built up joined to dolichyl diphosphate. The oligosaccharide is then transferred to a polypeptide chain, loses its glucose, and is modified by removal of some monosaccharides and addition of others giving rise to a variety of saccharides.
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Banerjee DK, Scher MG, Waechter CJ. Amphomycin: effect of the lipopeptide antibiotic on the glycosylation and extraction of dolichyl monophosphate in calf brain membranes. Biochemistry 1981; 20:1561-8. [PMID: 7225346 DOI: 10.1021/bi00509a024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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13
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Maheshwari RK, Vijay IK, Olden K, Friedman RM. Assay of glycosyltransferase activities in microsomal preparation from cells treated with interferon. Methods Enzymol 1981; 79:302-6. [PMID: 6173677 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(81)79042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Quesada Allue LA. The biosynthesis of glucose containing insect lipid linked oligosaccharide and its possible role in glycoprotein assembly. Mol Cell Biochem 1980; 33:149-55. [PMID: 7464828 DOI: 10.1007/bf00225287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Microsome enriched Ceratitis capitata extracts synthesized a glucosylated lipid linked oligosaccharide. Its properties were closely related to those of the previously described insect mannosylated dolichyl diphosphate oligosaccharides and almost the same as those of the rat liver dolichyl-diphosphate-(GlcNAc)2-(Man)9-(Glc)1-3. The saccharide moiety of the latter was transferred to an unknown endogenous protein-like acceptor by the fly extracts. These represent the first evidence of a protein glycosylation in a pluricellular invertebrate through dolichyl derivatives.
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Maheshwari RK, Banerjee DK, Waechter CJ, Olden K, Friedman RM. Interferon treatment inhibits glycosylation of a viral protein. Nature 1980; 287:454-6. [PMID: 6159539 DOI: 10.1038/287454a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Earlier, we reported a 30-200-fold reduction in the yield of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) released from L cells treated with 10-30 reference units ml-1 of interferon (IFN); however, in these cultures virus particle production, as measured by VSV particle-associated viral RNA, virus nucleocapsid protein and viral transcriptase, was inhibited less than 10-fold. There was biochemical and morphological evidence of a significant reduction in glycoprotein (G) and membrane protein (M) of VSV particles released from IFN-treated cells. We compare here the effects of tunicamycin (TM) and IFN in L cells. Treatment with TM or IFN reduced the production of infectious VSV particles, decreased the amount of G and M proteins in VSV released from treated cells, and inhibited an early step in the formation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide chains, the incorporation by membrane preparations from treated cells of N-acetylglucosamine into glycolipids with the properties of dolichol derivatives.
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Scher MG, Burton WA, Waechter CJ. Enzymatic glucosylation of dolichyl monophosphate formed via cytidine triphosphate in calf brain membranes. J Neurochem 1980; 35:844-9. [PMID: 6450273 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb07081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
When calf brain membrane preparations containing endogenous dolichyl [32P]monophosphate (Dol-32P), prelabeled enzymatically by [gamma-32P]-CTP, are incubated with unlabeled UDP-glucose, the formation of a mild acid-labile [32P]phosphoglucolipid is observed. The biosynthesis of the [32P]phosphoglucolipid is dependent on the concentration of UDP-glucose added, and no [32P]phosphoglycolipid appeared when UDP-glucose was replaced by ADP-glucose, UDP-xylose, UDP-galactose, UDP-mannose, or UDP-glucuronic acid. The 32P-labeled product formed by the UDP-glucose-dependent reaction is chemically and chromatographically identical to glucosylphosphoryldolichol. Several enzymatic parameters of the glucosylation of the specific pool of Dol-P, synthesized by the CTP-mediated kinase, and the total available pool of Dol-P have been compared by a double-label assay utilizing endogenous, prelabeled Dol-32P and UDP-[3H]glucose as substrates.
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Abstract
The chemical syntheses of naturally occurring glycolipids derived from sphingosine bases and glycerol derivatives, and the syntheses of polyisoprenoid lipid intermediates and other miscellaneous glycolipids recorded up to the end of 1977 are reviewed.
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Harford JB, Waechter CJ. A developmental change in dolichyl phosphate mannose synthase activity in pig brain. Biochem J 1980; 188:481-90. [PMID: 7396876 PMCID: PMC1161892 DOI: 10.1042/bj1880481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The initial rate of dolichyl phosphate mannose biosynthesis was measured in white-matter membranes from pig brain at various ages from before birth throughout the period of most rapid brain development. Dolichyl phosphate mannose synthase activity increased from prenatal values to a maximum in 3 week-old animals, and gradually decreased to adult values after 8 weeks of age. The nature of the developmental change was investigated by enzymic and biochemical comparisons of the membrane preparations from the most active age (3 weeks) and adult controls. The specific activity of dolichyl phosphate mannose synthase in preparations from actively myelinating animals was approx. 3-fold higher than adults when mannolipid formation was assayed with saturating concentrations of GDP-[(14)C]mannose and utilizing only endogenous acceptor lipid. No major variations were found in the apparent K(m) values for GDP-mannose or exogenous dolichyl monophosphate. However, the ratio of dolichyl phosphate mannose synthase activity for myelinating animals/adult animals decreased significantly when large amounts of exogenous dolichyl monophosphate were added to the incubation mixtures. Dolichyl phosphate mannose synthase activity was also compared in white-matter membranes depleted of endogenous dolichyl monophosphate by enzymic mannosylation or treatment with butanol. When these preparations were assayed with identical amounts of exogenous dolichyl monophosphate, the dolichyl monophosphate-depleted membranes from actively myelinating animals contained only 20-30% more dolichyl phosphate mannose synthase activity. Overall, these studies strongly suggest that the developmental change in dolichyl phosphate mannose synthase activity is due primarily to the presence of a relatively lower amount of endogenous dolichyl monophosphate being accessible to the mannosyltransferase in the white-matter membranes from adult animals.
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Lucas JJ, Tepperman H, Tepperman J. Dietary effects on the formation of dolichyl monophosphate mannose by microsomal preparations of rat adiopose tissue. Biochem J 1980; 186:791-8. [PMID: 7396837 PMCID: PMC1161715 DOI: 10.1042/bj1860791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Microsomal preparations from rat adipose tissue catalyse the transfer of [(14)C]mannose from GDP-[(14)C]mannose to an endogenous acceptor forming a [(14)C]mannosyl lipid. The mannosyl lipid co-chromatographs with hen oviduct dolichyl monophosphate beta-mannose on three solvent systems. It is stable to mild alkaline hydrolysis, but strong alkaline treatment yields a compound that co-migrates with mannose 1-phosphate. The mannosyl lipid is labile to mild acid hydrolysis, yielding [(14)C]mannose. Formation of the compound is reversible by GDP, but not GMP, and is stimulated by exogenous dolichyl phosphate. The kinetics of transfer of [(14)C]mannose from GDP-[(14)C]mannose to form dolichyl monophosphate mannose were studied by using preparations derived from rats fed on one of four diets: G (high glucose), L (high lard), F (fructose) or GC (high glucose, 0.9% cholesterol). The K(m) and V(max.) values for transfer from GDP-mannose were virtually indistinguishable in the four preparations.In the absence of exogenous dolichyl phosphate, the largest amount of transfer of [(14)C]mannose into the mannosyl lipid was observed with preparations from fructose-fed animals. Preparations from glucose-fed animals showed about 60% as much transfer, whereas membranes from rats fed the other diets showed intermediate values between the fructose- and glucose-fed animals. The inclusion of cholesterol in the glucose diet elicited an increase in transfer of mannose. Under conditions of saturating exogenous dolichyl phosphate, preparations from lard-fed animals have 1.5 times as much enzyme activity as do preparations from animals fed the other three diets.
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Harford JB, Waechter CJ. Transfer of N, N'-diacetylchitobiose from dolichyl diphosphate into a gray matter membrane glycoprotein. Arch Biochem Biophys 1979; 197:424-35. [PMID: 507822 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(79)90264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Wellner RB, Lucas JJ. Evidence for a compound with the properties of 2,3-dehydrodolichyl pyrophosphate. FEBS Lett 1979; 104:379-83. [PMID: 478003 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Burton WA, Scher MG, Waechter CJ. Enzymatic phosphorylation of dolichol in central nervous tissue. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)50294-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Harford JB, Waechter CJ. Lipid-mediated glycosylation of a white matter membrane glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 24,000. J Neurochem 1979; 32:1707-15. [PMID: 448363 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb02283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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van Dessel G, Lagrou A, Hilderson HJ, Dommisse R, Esmans E, Dierick W. Isolation and identification of polyprenols from bovine thyroid gland. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 573:296-300. [PMID: 444552 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(79)90062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The presence of polyprenols in bovine thyroid was demonstrated. After preparative isolation, the structure was elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic techniques. The main polyprenol homologue has a molecular weight of 1380 corresponding to the presence of 20 isoprene units. From NMR studies it appears that 18 units have the cis configuration and that the 2 others are trans isoprene units. The dolichol content amounts to 0.2 mg/g wet weight. About 5% was found in the esterified form.
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Godelaine D, Beaufay H, Wibo M. The dolichol pathway of protein glycosylation in rat liver. Incorporation of mannose into endogenous lipids and proteins of rough microsomes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 96:27-34. [PMID: 222588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb13009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Godelaine D, Beaufay H, Wibo M, Amar-Costesec A. The dolichol pathway of protein glycosylation in rat liver. Stimulation by GTP of the incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine in endogenous lipids and proteins of rough microsomes treated with pyrophosphate. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 96:17-26. [PMID: 222586 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb13008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine into endogenous lipid and protein acceptors was investigated on heavy microsomes from rat liver, incubated with UDP-N-acetyl[14C]glucosamine and GDP-mannose in the absence of detergent. This subcellular preparation derived for 95% or more from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and was devoid of Golgi components which contain the enzyme that adds the peripheral N-acetylglucosamine units to glycoproteins. The label was found almost exclusively in dolichyl diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine, except when the subcellular preparation was treated with pyrophosphate and subsequently incubated with the nucleotide sugars in the presence of GTP. Then, the incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine was considerably enhanced, and the additional label was associated with dolichyl diphosphate N,N'-diacetylchitobiose, with dolichyl diphosphate oligosaccharides and with proteins. The time-course of N-acetylglucosamine incorporation in these products was compatible with the pathway of dolichyl diphosphate glycoconjugates for the biosynthesis of the core portion of saccharide chains linked to asparagine residues of glycoproteins. The addition of GDP-mannose to the incubation medium was required to produce labeled dolichyl diphosphate oligosaccharides, but not to incorporate N-acetylglucosamine in protein. It is concluded that rough microsomes are capable of assembling dolichol-linked oligosaccharides from exogenous nucleotide precursors and of transferring N,N'-diacetylchitobiose, or its mannosylated derivatives, from the lipid intermediate to endogenous proteins. However, these metabolic activities are hindered in the original subcellular preparation, and in the absence of GTP. Although the earliest perceptible effect produced jointly by the treatment with pyrophosphate and by GTP was the synthesis of dolichyl diphosphate N,N'-diacetylchitobiose, the primary action of these factors remains uncertain. They may stimulate directly the reaction forming dolichyl diphosphate N,N'-diacetylchitobiose from dolichyl diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine, or activate the synthesis of this latter intermediate from a particular pool of dolichyl monophosphate which is readily converted afterwards into disaccharide and oligosaccharide derivatives and glycosylates protein. The requirement for GTP might have a functional meaning, for GTP acted maximally at a concentration distinctly lower than its actual concentration in liver. The detachment of ribosomes from rough vesicles was the major alteration induced by treatment with pyrophosphate. It is suggested that the removal of ribosomes unmasks the membrane sites where GTP acts.
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Parodi AJ, Leloir LF. The role of lipid intermediates in the glycosylation of proteins in the eucaryotic cell. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 559:1-37. [PMID: 375981 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(79)90006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Scher M, Waechter C. A glucosylated oligosaccharide lipid intermediate in calf brain. Evidence for the transfer of the oligosaccharide into membrane glycoprotein and subsequent removal of glucosyl residues. J Biol Chem 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)30118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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30
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Waechter CJ, Harford JB. A dolichol-linked trisaccharide from central nervous tissue: structure and biosynthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 1979; 192:380-90. [PMID: 434833 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(79)90106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lucas JJ. Effect of progesterone, estrogen withdrawal and secondary estrogen treatment of mannosylphosphoryldolichol synthesis in chick oviduct membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 572:153-9. [PMID: 570062 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(79)90210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oviduct membranes from chicks treated with diethylstilbestrol have a fully induced level of an enzyme that transfers mannose from GDP-Man to form mannosylphosphoryldolichol (Lucas, J.J. and Levin, E. (1977) J. Biol. Chem.252, 4330--4336). Withdrawal of diethylstilbestrol for 5 days causes a decrease in oviduct weight, lysozyme, and 60% of the mannosyltransferase activity. Chicks withdrawn from treatment for 10 days followed by secondary stimulation with diethylstilbestrol exhibit a more rapid increase in the mannosyltransferase activity than chicks that have not been previously treated with diethylstilbestrol. Further experiments indicate that the decrease in mannosylphosphoryldolichol synthesis after hormonal withdrawal may be the result of decreased levels of endogenous dolichyphosphate in the membrane preparations.
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32
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Quesada Allue LA. Phosphorylation of dolichol by insect enzymes. The incorporation of phosphate from ATP into dolichyl phosphate mannose. FEBS Lett 1979; 97:225-9. [PMID: 761628 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(79)80089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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33
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Harford JB, Waechter CJ, Saul R, DeVries GH. Evidence for the biosynthesis of mannosylphosphoryldolichol and N-acetylglucosaminylpyrophosphoryldolichol by an axolemma-enriched membrane preparation from bovine white matter. J Neurochem 1979; 32:91-8. [PMID: 759589 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1979.tb04514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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34
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Mellor RB, Lord JM. Formation of lipid-linked mono- and oligosaccharides from GDP-mannose by castor bean endosperm homogenates. PLANTA 1979; 146:91-99. [PMID: 24317951 DOI: 10.1007/bf00381260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/1978] [Accepted: 02/02/1979] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A crude organelle preparation from germinating castor bean endosperm catalysed the incorporation of mannose from GDP[(14)C]mannose into acid-labile mannolipids. Solubility and chromatographic properties have identified the most rapidly synthesized products as mannosyl-phosphoryl-polyisoprenol, while the more polar lipid formed was shown to contain oligosaccharide. Little radioactivity from GDP[(14)C]mannose accumulated in insoluble product in the cell-free system, but supplying GDP[(14)C]mannose to intact endosperm tissue has shown that the major incorporation product in vivo is glycoprotein. This product was readily solubilized by either pronase or sodium dodecyl sulphate treatment suggesting it was membrane bound glycoprotein. Incorporation of mannose into mannosyl-phosphoryl-polyisoprenol during the cell-free assay was stimulated by the addition of dolichol monophosphate. This enzymic activity was optimal at pH 7.5 and in the presence of 10 mM Mg(2+). The Km for GDP-mannose was estimated to be 5×10(-7) M. Cellular mannosyl transferase activity changed markedly during early post-germinative growth; from being absent in the dry seed, enzyme activity increased to peak between the second and third days of growth and subsequently declined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Mellor
- Postgraduate School of Biological Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, Bradford, U.K
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35
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Kang M, Spencer J, Elbein A. Amphomycin inhibition of mannose and GlcNAc incorporation into lipid-linked saccharides. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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36
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Chandra GR, Mandava N, Warthen JD. Uridine diphosphate glucose:fatty acid glucosyl transferase activity of rape (Brassica napus L.) anther tissue. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 526:387-97. [PMID: 718943 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(78)90130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Particulate fractions from mature rape anther tissue catalysed the incorporation of glucose from UDPglucose into endogenous lipids. The UDPglucose:fatty acid glucosyl transferase was tightly bound to particulates that could be suspended in 0.1% Triton X-100. The apparent Km for UDPglucose was 3.5 . 10(-6) M. In Tris buffer the enzyme has a pH optimum of 8.0 and a temperature optimum of 30 degrees C. In the presence of NaF, the transferase activity was proportional to protein concentration, time, and other variables of the reaction mixture. ADPglucose, GDPglucose, and CDPglucose did not compete with the activity of the UDP-glucose-dependent glucosyl transferase. Gas chromatographic and high performance liquid chromatographic analyses indicated that the endogenous fatty acids glucosylated in vitro had carbon chain lengths of C16 to C20. This is the first report on the biosynthesis of non-phosphorylated glucosyl esters of fatty acids in higher plants.
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37
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Quesada Allue LA, Belocopitow E. Lipid-bound oligosaccharides in insects. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 88:529-41. [PMID: 689036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane preparations from immature stages of the fruit fly Ceratitis capitata catalyze the transfer of mannose from GDP-[14C]mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharides. These compounds behave as polyprenyl derivatives and their formation is stimulated by the addition of an acidic glycolipid fraction isolated from insects. The mannose-labeled oligosaccharides are attached to the poly-isoprenol by a pyrophosphoryl linkage and can be released by mild acid hydrolysis. The trisaccharide lipid has been partially characterized. The results indicate that the compound is polyprenyl-pyrophosphate-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose-mannose. Incubation of dolichyl phosphate [14C]mannose or lower 14C-labeled oligosaccharide lipids with unlabeled GDP-mannose and the insect enzyme leads to the labeling of a higher lipid-bound oligosaccharide. When UDP-N-acetyl[14C]glucosamine was incubated with insect membranes a 14C-labeled chitobiosyl lipid was synthesized. If unlabeled GDP-mannose was also present, the 14C label appeared in the trisaccharide and higher oligosaccharide lipids. Preliminary evidence indicates that the insect polyprenyl oligosaccharides described here might participate in glycoprotein biosynthesis.
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38
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Waechter CJ, Scher MG. Glucosylphosphoryldolichol: role as a glucosyl donor in the biosynthesis of an oligosaccharide lipid intermediate by calf brain membranes. Arch Biochem Biophys 1978; 188:385-93. [PMID: 677905 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(78)80023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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39
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Lucas JJ, Nevar C. Loss of mannosyl phosphoryl polyisoprenol synthesis upon conversion of reticulocytes to erythrocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 528:475-82. [PMID: 638168 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(78)90037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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40
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The synthesis of P1-2-acetamido-4-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl P2-dolichyl pyrophosphate, (P1-di-N-acetyl-α-chitobiosyl P2-dolichyl pyrophosphate). Carbohydr Res 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)84479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Krag SS. Glycosylation of endogenous lipids and proteins by preparations of chicken embryo fibroblasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 538:603-15. [PMID: 414785 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(78)90421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of endogenous phosphoisoprenyl lipids and membrane-associated proteins was shown to occur in preparations of chicken embryo fibroblasts incubated with GDP[14C]mannose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. The two preparations used were cells released from the culture dishes by buffered saline containing EDTA and crude membranes from those cells. Both beta-mannosyl-phosphoryldolichol and oligosaccharide-phosphoryl lipids with five to eight sugar residues were labelled under the conditons employed. The oligosaccharide isolated from the octasaccharide-lipid fraction was shown to be heterogeneous after an analysis of the products formed by treatment of the oligosaccharide with glycosidases. Some of the oligosaccharides appeared to contain N-acetylglucosamine at positions external to that of [14C]mannose. Lipids with oligosaccharide moieties of different structures were made by the two preparations. The results of pulse-chase experiments were consistent with the glycosylated lipids being intermediates in glycoprotein biosynthesis.
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42
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Warren CD, Shaban MA, Jeanloz RW. The synthesis and properties of benzylated oxazolines derived from 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Carbohydr Res 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)83183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Harford JB, Waechter CJ, Earl FL. Effect of exogenous dolichyl monophosphate on a developmental change in mannosylphosphoryldolichol biosynthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977; 76:1036-43. [PMID: 901459 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(77)90960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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44
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Lucas JJ, Levin E. Increase in the lipid intermediate pathway of protein glycosylation during hen oviduct differentiation. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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45
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Waechter CJ, Harford JB. Evidence for the enzymatic transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP--N-acetylglucosamine into dolichol derivative and glycoproteins by calf brain membranes. Arch Biochem Biophys 1977; 181:185-98. [PMID: 879802 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(77)90497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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46
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Krag SS, Cifone M, Robbins PW, Baker RM. Reduced synthesis of [14C]mannosyl oligosaccharide-lipid by membranes prepared from concanavalin A-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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47
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Krag SS, Robbins PW. Sindbis envelope proteins as endogenous acceptors in reactions of guanosine diphosphate-[14C]Mannose with preparations of infected chicken embryo fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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48
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Chambers J, Forsee WT, Elbein AD. Enzymatic transfer of mannose from mannosyl-phosphoryl-polyprenol to lipid-linked oligosaccharides by pig aorta. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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49
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Heifetz A, Elbein AD. Biosynthesis of Man-beta-GlcNAc-GlcNAc-pyrophosphoryl-polyprenol by a solubilized enzyme from aorta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977; 75:20-8. [PMID: 849305 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(77)91283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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50
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Keenan RW, Kruczek ME, Fischer JB. The binding of [3H]dolichol by plasma high density lipoproteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 486:1-9. [PMID: 188482 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(77)90064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radioactive dolichol was rapidly taken up by a plasma protein fraction following the intravenous injection of detergent suspended [3H]dolichol into rats. The half-life of labeled dolichol in the plasma was found to be approx. 13 h. Density gradient centrifugation or gel filtration of samples of human or rat plasma incubated with [3H]dolichol suspensions also showed that the labeled material became associated with the same plasma protein fractions as in the in vivo studies. Evidence was obtained to indicate that dolichol is specifically associated with the high density lipoprotein fraction of plasma. The possible role of high density lipoproteins as a vehicle for dolichol transport and the problems involved in the binding of this long moleculare are discussed.
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