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Effects of hemarthrosis on cartilage and synovium in rabbits. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2016; 43:249-253. [DOI: 10.1007/s00068-016-0648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Age estimation based on aspartic acid racemization in human sclera. Int J Legal Med 2015; 130:207-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-015-1255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Matuszewski PE, Chen YL, Szczesny SE, Lake S, Elliott DM, Soslowsky LJ, Dodge GR. Regional variation in human supraspinatus tendon proteoglycans: decorin, biglycan, and aggrecan. Connect Tissue Res 2012; 53:343-8. [PMID: 22329809 PMCID: PMC3437000 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2012.654866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
While tendons typically undergo primary tensile loading, the human supraspinatus tendon (SST) experiences substantial amounts of tension, compression, and shear in vivo. As a result, the functional roles of the extracellular matrix components, in particular the proteoglycans (PGs), are likely complex and important. The goal of this study was to determine the PG content in specific regions of the SST that exhibit differing mechanical function. The concentration of aggrecan, biglycan, and decorin was determined in six regions of the human SST using immunochemical techniques. We hypothesized that aggrecan concentrations would be highest in areas where the tendon likely experiences compression; biglycan levels would be highest in regions likely subjected to injury and/or active remodeling such as the anterior regions; decorin concentrations would be highest in regions of greatest tensile stiffness. Our results generally supported these hypotheses and demonstrated that aggrecan and biglycan share regional variability, with increased concentration in the anterior and posterior regions and smaller concentration in the medial regions. Decorin, however, was in high concentration throughout all regions. The data presented in this study represent the first regional measurements of PG in the SST. Together with our previous regional measurements of mechanical properties, these data can be used to evaluate SST structure-function relationships. With knowledge of the differences in specific PG content, their spatial variations in the SST, and their relationships to tendon mechanics, we can begin to associate defects in PG content with specific pathology, which may provide guidance for new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Matuszewski
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Spencer E Szczesny
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Spencer Lake
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dawn M Elliott
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Louis J Soslowsky
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - George R Dodge
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Corresponding author: George R. Dodge, PhD, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, Phone: 215-573-1514; Fax: 215-573-2133;
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz-Claudio F Silva
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Programa de Glicobiologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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5
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Lovekamp JJ, Simionescu DT, Mercuri JJ, Zubiate B, Sacks MS, Vyavahare NR. Stability and function of glycosaminoglycans in porcine bioprosthetic heart valves. Biomaterials 2005; 27:1507-18. [PMID: 16144707 PMCID: PMC2262164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 08/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are important structural and functional components in native aortic heart valves and in glutaraldehyde (Glut)-fixed bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs). However, very little is known about the fate of GAGs within the extracellular matrix of BHVs and their contribution to BHV longevity. BHVs used in heart valve replacement surgery have limited durability due to mechanical failure and pathologic calcification. In the present study we bring evidence for the dramatic loss of GAGs from within the BHV cusp structure during storage in saline and both short- and long-term Glut fixation. In order to gain insight into role of GAGs, we compared properties of fresh and Glut-fixed porcine heart valve cusps before and after complete GAG removal. GAG removal resulted in significant morphological and functional tissue alterations, including decreases in cuspal thickness, reduction of water content and diminution of rehydration capacity. By virtue of this diminished hydration, loss of GAGs also greatly increased the "with-curvature" flexural rigidity of cuspal tissue. However, removal of GAGs did not alter calcification potential of BHV cups when implanted in the rat subdermal model. Controlling the extent of pre-implantation GAG degradation in BHVs and development of improved GAG crosslinking techniques are expected to improve the mechanical durability of future cardiovascular bioprostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Lovekamp
- Cardiovascular Implant Research Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 501 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Dan T. Simionescu
- Cardiovascular Implant Research Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 501 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jeremy J. Mercuri
- Cardiovascular Implant Research Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 501 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Brett Zubiate
- Engineered Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Drive, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Michael S. Sacks
- Engineered Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Drive, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Narendra R. Vyavahare
- Cardiovascular Implant Research Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 501 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- *Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 864 656 5558; fax: +1 864 656 4466. E-mail address: (N.R. Vyavahare)
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6
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Delehedde M, Lyon M, Sergeant N, Rahmoune H, Fernig DG. Proteoglycans: pericellular and cell surface multireceptors that integrate external stimuli in the mammary gland. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2001; 6:253-73. [PMID: 11547896 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011367423085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans consist of a core protein and an associated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain of heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate or keratan sulfate, which are attached to a serine residue. The core proteins of cell surface proteoglycans may be transmembrane, e.g., syndecan, or GPI-anchored, e.g., glypican. Many different cell surface and matrix proteoglycan core proteins are expressed in the mammary gland and in mammary cells in culture. The level of expression of these core proteins, the structure of their GAG chains, and their degradation are regulated by many of the effectors that control the development and function of the mammary gland. Regulatory proteins of the mammary gland that bind GAG include many growth factors and morphogens (fibroblast growth factors, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, members of the midkine family, wnts), matrix proteins (collagen, fibronectin, and laminin), enzymes (lipoprotein lipase) and microbial surface proteins. Structural diversity within GAG chains ensures that each protein-GAG interaction is as specific as necessary and a number of sequences of saccharides that recognize individual proteins have been elucidated. The GAG-protein interactions serve to regulate the signal output of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and hence cell fate as well as the storage and diffusion of extracellular protein effectors. In addition, GAGs clearly coordinate stromal and epithelial development, and they are active participants in mediating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Since a single proteoglycan, even if it carries a single GAG chain, can bind multiple proteins, proteoglycans are also likely to act as multireceptors which promote the integration of cellular signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Delehedde
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Jarchow J, Fritz J, Anselmetti D, Calabro A, Hascall VC, Gerosa D, Burger MM, Fernàndez-Busquets X. Supramolecular structure of a new family of circular proteoglycans mediating cell adhesion in sponges. J Struct Biol 2000; 132:95-105. [PMID: 11162731 DOI: 10.1006/jsbi.2000.4309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aggregationfactors are the molecules responsible for species-specific cell adhesion in sponges. Here, we present the structure of the aggregation factor from the marine sponge Microciona prolifera, which constitutes the first description of a circular proteoglycan. We have analyzed chemically dissociated and enzymatically digested aggregation factor with atomic force microscopy, agarose gel electrophoresis, and Western blots using antibodies against the protein and carbohydrate moieties. Twenty units from each of two N-glycosylated proteins, MAFp3 and MAFp4, form the central ring and radiating arms, respectively, stabilized by a hyaluronidase-sensitive component. MAFp3 carries a 200-kDa glycan involved in homologous self-interactions between aggregation factor molecules, whereas MAFp4 carries a 6-kDa glycan that binds cell surface receptors. A 68-kDa lectin found in cell membranes of several sponge species binds the aggregation factor and its protein-free glycans, as well as chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan. Here, we show that despite their lack of clear sequence homologies with other known proteoglycan structures, the protein and carbohydrate components of sponge aggregation factors assemble to form a supramolecular complex remarkably similar to classical proteoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jarchow
- Friedrich Miescher-Institut, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
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Kuberan B, Gunay NS, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Preparation and isolation of neoglycoconjugates using biotin-streptavidin complexes. Glycoconj J 1999; 16:271-81. [PMID: 10579696 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007009927087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins commercially available in multi-gram quantities, were used to prepare milligram amounts of neoglycoproteins. The glycoproteins bromelain and bovine gamma-globulin were proteolyzed to obtain glycopeptides or converted to a mixture of glycans through hydrazinolysis. The glycan mixture was structurally simplified by carbohydrate remodeling using exoglycosidases. Glycopeptides were biotinylated using N-hydroxysuccinimide activated-long chain biotin while glycoprotein-derived glycans were first reductively aminated with ammonium bicarbonate and then biotinylated. The resulting biotinylated carbohydrates were structurally characterized and then bound to streptavidin to afford neoglycoproteins. The peptidoglycan component of raw, unbleached heparin (an intermediate in the manufacture of heparin) was similarly biotinylated and bound to streptavidin to obtain milligram amounts of a heparin neoproteoglycan. The neoglycoconjugates prepared contain well defined glycan chains at specific locations on the streptavidin core and should be useful for the study of protein-carbohydrate interactions and affinity separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kuberan
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
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Upreti RK, Kidwai AM. A step towards developing the expertise to control hunger and satiety: regulatory role of satiomem--a membrane proteoglycan. Neurochem Res 1995; 20:375-84. [PMID: 7651574 DOI: 10.1007/bf00973090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of hunger and satiety is a complex process thought to be controlled by a complex interplay of neurotransmitters in the hypothalamic region of the brain. Reduced food intake or anorexia has also been observed under various disease or disorder conditions including AIDS and cancer. On the other hand, increased appetite because of some impairment of central mechanisms regulating the food intake could also cause/obesity. A large number of substances including neuropeptides, hormones, drugs, and synthetic peptides have been implicated in the regulation of appetite and food intake behavior in normal as well as disease or disorder conditions. Most of these substances are not directly involved in the regulation of normal hunger and satiety but exert their effect indirectly via other media. Some of them are involved under certain pathologic conditions and during the course they become involved directly or indirectly in the triggering of hunger and satiety regulatory mechanism. Recently, we have been able to isolate and purify an endogenous proteoglycan from membranes of animal and plant sources. This membrane anchored proteoglycan termed as 'Satiomem' reduces food intake without any rebound effects and has no apparent toxicity. It also fulfils all the criteria of a true satiety or anorexigenic substance. The release of satiomem from the cell surface could be mediated by a specific phospholipase-C. Satiomem seems to be involved in transducing activating signals and may also act as a source of second messenger for the regulatory mechanism of appetite. This article summarizes the regulatory aspects of hunger and satiety mechanisms controlled by endogenous substances with the emphasis on our present knowledge about satiomem.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Upreti
- Biomembrane Lab. Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India
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