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Banka S, de Goede C, Yue WW, Morris AAM, von Bremen B, Chandler KE, Feichtinger RG, Hart C, Khan N, Lunzer V, Mataković L, Marquardt T, Makowski C, Prokisch H, Debus O, Nosaka K, Sonwalkar H, Zimmermann FA, Sperl W, Mayr JA. Expanding the clinical and molecular spectrum of thiamine pyrophosphokinase deficiency: a treatable neurological disorder caused by TPK1 mutations. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 113:301-6. [PMID: 25458521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPK) produces thiamine pyrophosphate, a cofactor for a number of enzymes, including pyruvate dehydrogenase and 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Episodic encephalopathy type thiamine metabolism dysfunction (OMIM 614458) due to TPK1 mutations is a recently described rare disorder. The mechanism of the disease, its phenotype and treatment are not entirely clear. We present two patients with novel homozygous TPK1 mutations (Patient 1 with p.Ser160Leu and Patient 2 with p.Asp222His). Unlike the previously described phenotype, Patient 2 presented with a Leigh syndrome like non-episodic early-onset global developmental delay, thus extending the phenotypic spectrum of the disorder. We, therefore, propose that TPK deficiency may be a better name for the condition. The two cases help to further refine the neuroradiological features of TPK deficiency and show that MRI changes can be either fleeting or progressive and can affect either white or gray matter. We also show that in some cases lactic acidosis can be absent and 2-ketoglutaric aciduria may be the only biochemical marker. Furthermore, we have established the assays for TPK enzyme activity measurement and thiamine pyrophosphate quantification in frozen muscle and blood. These tests will help to diagnose or confirm the diagnosis of TPK deficiency in a clinical setting. Early thiamine supplementation prevented encephalopathic episodes and improved developmental progression of Patient 1, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of TPK deficiency. We present evidence suggesting that thiamine supplementation may rescue TPK enzyme activity. Lastly, in silico protein structural analysis shows that the p.Ser160Leu mutation is predicted to interfere with TPK dimerization, which may be a novel mechanism for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Banka
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Wyatt W Yue
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew A M Morris
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Beate von Bremen
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Blackburn, UK
| | - Kate E Chandler
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - René G Feichtinger
- Department of Paediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claire Hart
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Nasaim Khan
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Verena Lunzer
- Department of Paediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lavinija Mataković
- Department of Paediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Department of General Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Makowski
- Department of Paediatrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Otfried Debus
- Clemenshospital, Children's Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Kazuto Nosaka
- Department of Chemistry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | | | - Franz A Zimmermann
- Department of Paediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sperl
- Department of Paediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- Department of Paediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Akinci A, Teziç T, Ertürk G, Tarim O, Dalva K. Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia with diabetes mellitus and sensorineural deafness. ACTA PAEDIATRICA JAPONICA : OVERSEAS EDITION 1993; 35:262-6. [PMID: 8394635 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1993.tb03049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces a patient who has thiamine and thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPKase) enzyme deficiency associated with diabetes mellitus, sensorineural deafness and thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed when she was 20 months old. After 1 year, macrocytic anemia developed and the thiamine therapy was started at 75 mg/day. During the follow-up, the insulin requirement decreased and even ceased, and macrocytic anemia improved with thiamine treatment. After thiamine therapy was ceased an increase in insulin requirement was observed and macrocytic anemia developed again.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Akinci
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Dr Sami Ulus Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Matsuda T, Tonomura H, Baba A, Iwata H. Postnatal development of thiamine metabolism in rat skeletal muscle. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 23:203-6. [PMID: 1847884 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(91)90190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
1. The activities of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, transketolase, thiamine pyrophosphokinase and thiamine triphosphatase and the concentrations of thiamine phosphates were almost the same between rat extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles at 2 weeks of age. 2. These enzyme activities changed after 3 weeks of age in a different way depending on the muscle phenotype. 3. Thiamine diphosphate level and the activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase increased only in soleus muscle and thiamine triphosphate level increased only in extensor digitorum longus during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
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7
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Abstract
Two children with the DIDMOAD syndrome (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness) developed a megaloblastic and sideroblastic anemia, neutropenia, and borderline thrombocytopenia. Plasma thiamine concentration was low in one patient and normal in the other; in both children, thiamine pyrophosphate in erythrocytes and thiamine pyrophosphokinase activity were lower than the lowest values observed in control subjects. A month after institution of treatment with thiamine, the hematologic findings had returned to normal and the insulin requirements had decreased. Withdrawal of thiamine repeatedly induced relapse of the anemia and an increase in insulin requirements. We propose that an inherited abnormality of thiamine metabolism is responsible for the multisystem degenerative disorder known as DIDMOAD syndrome.
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8
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Abstract
The activities of thiamine diphosphatase (TDPase), thiamine triphosphatase (TTPase), and thiamine pyrophosphokinase and the contents of thiamine and its phosphate esters were determined in rat brain cortex, cerebellum, and liver from birth to adulthood. Microsomal TTPase activity in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum increased from birth to 3 weeks, whereas that in the liver did not change during postnatal development. Microsomal TDPase activity in the cerebral cortex showed a transient increase at 1-2 weeks, but that in the cerebellum did not change during development. In contrast to the activity of the brain enzyme, that of liver microsomal TDPase increased stepwise after birth. Thiamine pyrophosphokinase activity in the cerebellum increased from birth to 3 weeks and then decreased, whereas that in the cerebral cortex and liver showed less change during development. TDP and thiamine monophosphate (TMP) levels increased after birth and plateaued at 3 weeks whereas TTP and thiamine levels showed little change during development in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The contents of thiamine and its phosphate esters in the liver showed more complicated changes during development. It is concluded that thiamine metabolism in the brain changes during postnatal development in a different way from that in the liver and that the development of thiamine metabolism differs among brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
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9
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Matsuda T, Tonomura H, Baba A, Iwata H. Difference in thiamine metabolism between extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 94:399-403. [PMID: 2556242 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(89)90363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1. Thiamine diphosphate level was higher in soleus muscle than in extensor digitorum longus muscle in various animals, whereas thiamine triphosphate level was less in the former muscle than in the latter except for mouse. 2. 2-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, transketolase and thiamine pyrophosphokinase activities were higher in soleus muscle than in extensor digitorum longus in rat and guinea pig. 3. The differences between rat two muscle phenotypes in thiamine diphosphate, but not thiamine triphosphate, level and the thiamine-related enzyme activities disappeared after denervation. 4. Tenotomy had little effect on thiamine phosphate levels and the thiamine-related enzyme activities in rat skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
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10
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Laforenza U, Patrini C, Rindi G. Distribution of thiamine, thiamine phosphates, and thiamine metabolizing enzymes in neuronal and glial cell enriched fractions of rat brain. J Neurochem 1988; 51:730-5. [PMID: 3411322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of thiamine, thiamine phosphoesters, and the thiamine pyrophosphate synthetizing [thiamine-pyrophosphokinase (TPKase)] as well as hydrolyzing [thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) and thiamine monophosphatase (TMPase)] enzymes was determined in neuronal and glial enriched fractions prepared from rat brain. Nucleoside diphosphatases [inosine diphosphatase (IDPase) and uridine diphosphatase (UDPase)] and nucleoside monophosphatases [uridine monophosphatase (UMPase) and inosine monophosphatase (IMPase)] were also determined. Thiamine and thiamine mono- and pyrophosphate were present in neuronal enriched fractions at concentrations 2.8, 3.6, and 4.6 times higher than in glial fractions. TMPase was found only in glial enriched fractions, whereas the levels of TPKase, UMPase, IMPase, IDPase, UDPase, and TPPase were 2.0-, 2.2-, 1.3-, 2.8-, 3.7-, and 20.8-fold higher in neuronal than in glial fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Laforenza
- Institute of Human Physiology, University of Pavia, Italy
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Matsuda T, Iwata H. Decrease of high affinity ouabain binding in rat cerebellum and hypothalamus by thiamin deficiency. Brain Res 1987; 437:375-8. [PMID: 2829996 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)91655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dietary thiamin deficiency on high affinity [3H]ouabain binding was examined in different regions of rat brain. The binding activity in the cerebellum and hypothalamus was significantly lower in the thiamin-deficient group than in the pair-fed control and freely fed control groups. The decrease was due to a change in Bmax but not in Kd. The results suggest a possible involvement of (Na+,K+)-ATPase in neurological manifestations of thiamin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
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