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Brothers TN, Furtado M, Al-Mamun MA. Thiamine utilization and the lack of prescribing standardization: A critical examination. Alcohol 2024; 117:11-19. [PMID: 37979843 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thiamine is often prescribed for thiamine deficiency during hospitalization despite the lack of US-based clinical guidelines. This study aims to evaluate thiamine prescribing patterns and key characteristics associated with the deficiency to address gaps in care. METHODS Data were obtained from electronic health records of hospitalized patients between September 1, 2021, and March 30, 2022. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) was defined by a positive Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment score or a positive serum alcohol level upon admission. Geriatric patients were defined as age ≥65. Cohort 1 was defined as: AUD, albumin <4 g/L, INR >1.5, and total bilirubin >3 mg/dL. Cohort 2 was defined as: age >65, albumin <4 g/L, hemoglobin <15 g/dL, and folate <4 ng/mL. A multivariable LASSO regression model was used to identify characteristics associated with higher thiamine dosing (>100 mg/day). RESULTS Among 780 patients, 520 (66.7%) were identified as AUD, of which 265 (50.1%) were between the ages of 45-64 years. The AUD cohort was significantly different (p < 0.05) in the mean serum albumin 4.16 g/L (IQR: 3.8-4.5), AST 73.55 U/L (23.75-82.00), ALT 52.57 U/L (17.00-57.00), total bilirubin 0.98 (0.3-1.0), and INR 1.1 (0.99-1.12), compared to non-AUD patients with a mean serum albumin 3.75 g/L (3.3-4.2), AST 35.07 U/L (11.00-42.00), ALT 32.77 U/L (5.00-34.00), total bilirubin 0.89 (0.2-0.9), and INR 1.21 (1.0-1.22). In the geriatric cohort, 136 patients (17%) had a mean serum albumin 3.77 g/L (3.4-4.2), AST 38.66 U/L (14.0-41.0), ALT 29.36 U/L (9.0-37.0), total bilirubin 0.62 mg/dL (0.30-0.90), and direct bilirubin 0.12 mg/dL (0.00-0.20), compared to the non-geriatric cohort with a mean serum albumin 4.10 g/L (3.8-4.40), AST 66.44 U/L (21.0-75.0), ALT 50.03 U/L (16.00-53.75), total bilirubin 1.02 mg/dL (0.30-1.00), and direct bilirubin 0.31 mg/dL (0.00-0.20). In cohort 1, 40.6% patients were between 51 and 64 years old, (66.5%) male, and had a BMI <25 (36.4%). In cohort 2, 52.6% were between 65 and 70 years old, (57.9%) male, and had a BMI <25 (57.9%). Cohort 1 were prescribed a dose of 100 mg (47.7 %), oral (63.5%), intramuscular (18.2%), daily (58.9%), one-day duration (49.4%) most frequently. Cohort 2 were prescribed a dose of 100 mg (56.0%), oral (77.2%), daily (77.2%), one-day duration (29.8%) most frequently. The AUD was significantly associated with having a higher dosage (e.g., >100 mg) of thiamine prescribed per day OR 1.62 (1.11-2.37) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that thiamine prescribing patterns vary during hospitalization and suggest specific laboratory findings may aid in identifying cohorts associated with the deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd N Brothers
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States; Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States.
| | | | - Mohammad A Al-Mamun
- School of Pharmacy, University of West Virginia, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Akbulut S, Abbasov P, Karakas S, Bay Karabulut A, Yilmaz S. Evaluation of Serum Thiamine and Pyridoxine Levels in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplant: A Prospective Study. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2021; 19:457-461. [PMID: 29292683 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2017.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This prospective study aimed to compare changes in serum thiamine and pyridoxine levels of patients who underwent liver transplant or living donor hepatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 2013 and November 2013, 35 patients with chronic liver disease who underwent liver transplant (the recipient group) and 30 healthy individuals who underwent living donor hepatectomy (the control group) during the same period were prospectively compared in terms of both preoperative and postoperative serum thiamine and pyridoxine levels. The groups were also subjected to intragroup analysis of preoperative and postoperative changes in serum vitamin levels to determine how a major surgical procedure affected serum vitamin levels. Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for intergroup comparisons and intragroup repeated measurements, respectively. RESULTS The intergroup comparisons revealed significant differences in favor of the control group with respect to preoperative thiamine (P < .026) and postoperative thiamine (P < .017) levels, whereas there were statistically significant differences in favor of the recipient group with respect to the preoperative pyridoxine (P < .006) and postoperative pyridoxine (P < .001) levels. The intragroup comparisons showed significant increases in serum thiamine (P < .001) and pyridoxine (P < .031) levels compared with the preoperative serum levels of both vitamins at postoperative day 5 in the recipient group. In the control group, serum thiamine level (P < .001) at postoperative day 5 was significantly different from the preoperative level. On the other hand, a drop in serum pyridoxine level was detected at postoperative day 5, although this was not statistically significant (P < .21). CONCLUSIONS This study showed a lower serum thiamine level but a higher serum pyridoxine level in patients with chronic liver disease versus healthy controls. This difference persisted into the early postoperative period. This study also showed significant increases in thiamine and pyridoxine levels after transplant surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Akbulut
- From the Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
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Pacei F, Tesone A, Laudi N, Laudi E, Cretti A, Pnini S, Varesco F, Colombo C. The Relevance of Thiamine Evaluation in a Practical Setting. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092810. [PMID: 32933220 PMCID: PMC7551939 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine is a crucial cofactor involved in the maintenance of carbohydrate metabolism and participates in multiple cellular metabolic processes. Although thiamine can be obtained from various food sources, some common food groups are deficient in thiamine, and it can be denatured by high temperature and pH. Additionally, different drugs can alter thiamine metabolism. In addition, the half-life of thiamine in the body is between 1 and 3 weeks. All these factors could provide an explanation for the relatively short period needed to develop thiamine deficiency and observe the consequent clinical symptoms. Thiamine deficiency could lead to neurological and cardiological problems. These clinical conditions could be severe or even fatal. Marginal deficiency too may promote weaker symptoms that might be overlooked. Patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal or pancreatic surgery could have or develop thiamine deficiency for many different reasons. To achieve the best outcome for these patients, we strongly recommend the execution of both an adequate preoperative nutritional assessment, which includes thiamine evaluation, and a close nutritional follow up to avoid a nutrient deficit in the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pacei
- ASST Nord Milano, UOC Neurologia, Ospedale Bassini, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonella Tesone
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Nazzareno Laudi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Emanuele Laudi
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Anna Cretti
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Shira Pnini
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Fabio Varesco
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, Casa di Cura Bonvicini, Via Michael Pacher 12, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.T.); (E.L.); (A.C.); (S.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Chiara Colombo
- Lombardy Regional Course for General Practitioner, PoliS-Lombardia, Via Taramelli 12/F, 20100 Milano, Italy;
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Ehsanian R, Anderson S, Schneider B, Kennedy D, Mansourian V. Prevalence of Low Plasma Vitamin B1 in the Stroke Population Admitted to Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041034. [PMID: 32290066 PMCID: PMC7230706 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of vitamin B1 (VitB1) deficiency in the stroke population admitted to acute inpatient rehabilitation. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Acute inpatient rehabilitation facility at an academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS 119 consecutive stroke patients admitted to stroke service from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma VitB1 level. RESULTS There were 17 patients (14%; 95% CI 9-22%) with low VitB1 with a range of 2-3 nmol/L, an additional 58 (49%; CI 40-58%) patients had normal low VitB1 with a range of 4-9 nmol/L, twenty-five patients (21%; CI 15-29%) had normal high VitB1 with a range of 10-15 nmol/L, and nineteen patients (16%; CI 10-24%) had high VitB1 with a range of 16-43 nmol/L. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of patients admitted to the stroke service at an acute rehabilitation facility, there is evidence of thiamine deficiency. Moreover, the data suggest that there is inadequate acute intake of VitB1. Given the role of thiamine deficiency in neurologic function, further study of the role of thiamine optimization in the acute stroke rehabilitation population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ehsanian
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (R.E.); (S.A.); (B.S.); (D.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 34304, USA
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Sean Anderson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (R.E.); (S.A.); (B.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Byron Schneider
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (R.E.); (S.A.); (B.S.); (D.K.)
| | - David Kennedy
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (R.E.); (S.A.); (B.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Vartgez Mansourian
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (R.E.); (S.A.); (B.S.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +615-936-7708
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Szczuko M, Hawryłkowicz V, Kikut J, Drozd A. The implications of vitamin content in the plasma in reference to the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism and hormone and lipid profiles in PCOS. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 198:105570. [PMID: 31883924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
So far, there have been no analyses of correlations between the level of water-soluble vitamins in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hormone and lipid profiles as well as carbohydrate metabolism. The unpopular concept that PCOS may also be conditioned by a chronic infection leads to a suspicion that water-soluble vitamins may be involved in the struggle against PCOS. This is why the aim of this research was to determine whether there are any indications that could confirm this hypothesis. The study included 64 women of Caucasian race: 50 patients aged 29.52 ± 7.01 years with PCOS, diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria. The control group consisted of 14 women aged 30.23 ± 6.3 years with correct BMI. HPLC Infinity1260 Binary LC (Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany) was used to analyze nine vitamins. The vitamins were separated using the gradient method, a buffer of 25 mM HK2PO4 with pH equal to 7.0, and 100 % methanol buffer. The acquired results were compared using Statistica 12.0 (Statsoft, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA). Non-parametric tests were used: Mann-Whitney tests for comparisons between groups (PCOS and control group, CG), in which p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Subsequently, we performed a correlation matrix of the biochemical parameters of blood with vitamins at p ≤ 0.05. Higher concentrations of ascorbic acid were observed in PCOS. The content of the remaining vitamins was higher in the control group, and the statistical differences were significant in reference to thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine and folic acid in comparison to the control group. A significant positive correlation was observed between vitamin C and testosterone/insulin, another between riboflavin and androstenedione/testosterone, next between biotin and thyrotropic hormone (TSH), between pantothenic acid and dehydroepiandrosteron (DHEA-SO4), and finally between pyridoxine and androstenedione. A negative correlation was observed in the case of niacin with sex hormone binding protein (SHBG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). Water-soluble vitamins play an important role in the therapy of women with PCOS through the reduction of antioxidative stress and low-intensity inflammation caused by various factors, including chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szczuko
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Viktoria Hawryłkowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Justyna Kikut
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland.
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Abstract
Thiamine is an essential co-factor for aerobic metabolism. Both thiamine deficiency and sepsis may be associated with hyperlactatemia and hypotension. We assessed the relationship between thiamine compounds, lactate concentrations and clinical outcomes in septic patients.We undertook a prospective observational single-center study. Erythrocyte levels of total thiamine, free thiamine, thiamine mono, di and triphosphate (TMP, TDP, and TTP respectively), the erythrocyte transketolase activity (ETKA) and the effect of thiamine diphosphate on ETKA were measured in septic patients by high performance liquid chromatography and correlated with arterial lactate. Vital status at the end of intensive care unit stay was recorded.Overall, 28 patients suffering from sepsis were included. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 60 [44-77.3] years, 15 (53.6%) patients were male, median [IQR] simplified acute physiology score II was 40 [27-50]. There was no correlation between total thiamine and lactate levels (P = .33). There was no correlation between free thiamine (P = .81), TMP (P = .71), TDP (P = .31), TTP (P = .86), and lactate levels in our population. There was no correlation between ETKA (P = .58) or the effect of TDP on ETKA (P = .40) and lactate concentration. Total thiamine and TDP concentration were significantly higher in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors than in nonsurvivors (P = .03 and P = .03). The effect of TDP on ETKA was significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared to survivors (P = .04).We found no correlation between thiamine compounds and lactate concentration in sepsis. Thiamine deficiency in sepsis may be associated with ICU-mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Heming
- General Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France and U1173 Lab Inflammation & Infection, University of Versailles SQY-Paris Saclay - INSERM, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux
| | - Amor Salah
- General Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches
| | - Paris Meng
- General Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches
| | | | - Rania Bounab
- General Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches
| | - Sylvie Chevret
- Biostatistical Unit, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Djillali Annane
- General Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France and U1173 Lab Inflammation & Infection, University of Versailles SQY-Paris Saclay - INSERM, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux
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Bowen J, Brindal E, James-Martin G, Noakes M. Randomized Trial of a High Protein, Partial Meal Replacement Program with or without Alternate Day Fasting: Similar Effects on Weight Loss, Retention Status, Nutritional, Metabolic, and Behavioral Outcomes. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1145. [PMID: 30142886 PMCID: PMC6165084 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher-protein diets, meal replacements, and greater early weight loss have separately been associated with greater weight loss. We compared a high-protein, meal replacement program with daily energy restriction (DER) to one which provided greater energy restriction adding alternate day fasting (ADF + DER; alternating days of modified-fasting and DER plus 1 ad libitum day/week) on retention, weight loss, physiological, nutritional, and behavioral markers. Participants were randomized to ADF + DER or DER for 16 weeks (n = 162, age 40 ± 8 years BMI 36 ± 6 kg/m² (Mean ± SD)) plus 8 weeks weight maintenance. At week 16 weight change was -10.7 ± 0.5 kg and -11.2 ± 0.6 kg in ADF + DER and DER groups (treatment NS). Fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, and lean mass (p < 0.05) were similarly reduced between treatments. Weight loss was sustained to 24 weeks (treatment NS). Fasting LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, hsCRP, glucose, and blood pressure all improved (p < 0.05; treatment NS). Transferrin saturation, ferritin, serum zinc, folate, and B12 improved (p < 0.05; treatment NS). Plasma thiamine and vitamin D levels decreased, reflecting lower carbohydrate intakes and seasonal changes, respectively. Food cravings, quality of life, and mood improved (treatment NS). Energy, fatigue, and pain improved slightly more in DER (p < 0.05). This study supports the use of higher protein, meal replacement programs with or without ADF in weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Bowen
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Emily Brindal
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | | | - Manny Noakes
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent relevant studies regarding refeeding syndrome (RFS) in critically ill patients and provide recommendations for clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS Recent knowledge regarding epidemiology of refeeding syndrome among critically ill patients, how to identify ICU patients at risk, and strategies to reduce the potential negative impact on outcome are discussed. SUMMARY RFS is a potentially fatal acute metabolic derangement that ultimately can result in marked morbidity and even mortality. These metabolic derangements in ICU patients differ from otherwise healthy patients with RFS, as there is lack of anabolism. This is because of external stressors inducing a hypercatabolic response among other reasons also reflected by persistent high glucagon despite initiation of feeding. Lack of a proper uniform definition complicates diagnosis and research of RFS. However, refeeding hypophosphatemia is commonly encountered during critical illness. The correlations between risk factors proposed by international guidelines and the occurrence of RFS in ICU patients remains unclear. Therefore, regular phosphate monitoring is recommended. Based on recent trials among critically ill patients, only treatment with supplementation of electrolytes and vitamins seems not sufficient. In addition, caloric restriction for several days and gradual increase of caloric intake over days is recommendable.
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Harel Y, Zuk L, Guindy M, Nakar O, Lotan D, Fattal‐Valevski A. The effect of subclinical infantile thiamine deficiency on motor function in preschool children. Matern Child Nutr 2017; 13:e12397. [PMID: 28133900 PMCID: PMC6866041 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the long-term implications of infantile thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency on motor function in preschoolers who had been fed during the first 2 years of life with a faulty milk substitute. In this retrospective cohort study, 39 children aged 5-6 years who had been exposed to a thiamine-deficient formula during infancy were compared with 30 age-matched healthy children with unremarkable infant nutritional history. The motor function of the participants was evaluated with The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) and the Zuk Assessment. Both evaluation tools revealed statistically significant differences between the exposed and unexposed groups for gross and fine motor development (p < .001, ball skills p = .01) and grapho-motor development (p = .004). The differences were especially noteworthy on M-ABC testing for balance control functioning (p < .001, OR 5.4; 95% CI 3.4-7.4) and fine motor skills (p < .001, OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.8-4.6). In the exposed group, both assessments concurred on the high rate of children exhibiting motor function difficulties in comparison to unexposed group (M-ABC: 56% vs. 10%, Zuk Assessment: 59% vs. 3%, p < .001). Thiamine deficiency in infancy has long-term implications on gross and fine motor function and balance skills in childhood, thiamine having a crucial role in normal motor development. The study emphasizes the importance of proper infant feeding and regulatory control of breast milk substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Harel
- Department of Physical Therapy, The Stanley Steyer School of Health ProfessionsTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Luba Zuk
- Department of Physical Therapy, The Stanley Steyer School of Health ProfessionsTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | | | - Orly Nakar
- Maccabi Healthcare ServicesTel AvivIsrael
| | - Dafna Lotan
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center & Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Aviva Fattal‐Valevski
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center & Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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Roelofsen-de Beer RJAC, van Zelst BD, Wardle R, Kooij PG, de Rijke YB. Simultaneous measurement of whole blood vitamin B1 and vitamin B6 using LC-ESI-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1063:67-73. [PMID: 28846867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B1 and B6 have recently been included in the Dutch clinical guidelines for the general practitioner in the differential diagnosis of dementia. To keep up with the sharp rise in the number of requests, an LC-MS/MS method using stable isotopes as internal standards was developed. The active vitamers thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) in whole blood are simultaneously measured with a short run time of 2min. Whole blood is mixed with internal standard solution containing both TPP-d3 and PLP-d3, followed by deproteinization with a trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution. A UPLC-MS/MS system from Waters™ was used for chromatographic separation and subsequent detection by electrospray ionization in the positive mode with mass transitions of 425.1>121.85 for TPP and 247.9>149.9 for PLP. The method is linear across the range of 12-4870 nmol/L for TPP and 6-4850 nmol/L for PLP. The mean intra-assay and inter-assay precision are 3.5% and 7.6% respectively for TPP and 3.4% and 6.1% for PLP. The relative matrix effect (TPP 97%, PLP 93%), recovery (TPP 99%, PLP 94%) and lower limit of quantification (TPP 12 nmol/L, PLP 6 nmol/L) meet the applied acceptance criteria. The comparison of the new LC-ESI-MS/MS method for TPP with our current HPLC-Fluorescence method for total thiamine yields the following equation: TPP LC-MS/MS=0.97×total thiamine HPLC - 10.61 (r2=0.94). The comparison of the new LC-ESI-MS/MS method for PLP with our current LC-ESI-MS/MS method results in PLP LC-MS/MS new=1.01×PLP LC-MS/MS old - 1.58 (r2=0.99). In conclusion, this LC-MS/MS based assay is characterized by simple sample processing with a short run time and comparison with the current methods is excellent. The new LC-MS/MS method is a convenient method to determine TPP and PLP in whole blood for both clinical routine and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J A C Roelofsen-de Beer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - B D van Zelst
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - R Wardle
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, Cheshire, United Kingdom.
| | - P G Kooij
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Y B de Rijke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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McCann A, Midttun Ø, Whitfield KC, Kroeun H, Borath M, Sophonneary P, Ueland PM, Green TJ. Comparable Performance Characteristics of Plasma Thiamine and Erythrocyte Thiamine Diphosphate in Response to Thiamine Fortification in Rural Cambodian Women. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070676. [PMID: 28661435 PMCID: PMC5537791 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditionally, vitamin B1 status is assessed by a functional test measuring erythrocyte transketolase (ETK) activity or direct measurement of erythrocyte thiamine diphosphate (eThDP) concentration. However, such analyses are logistically challenging, and do not allow assessment of vitamin B1 status in plasma/serum samples stored in biobanks. Using a multiplex assay, we evaluated plasma concentrations of thiamine and thiamine monophosphate (TMP), as alternative, convenient measures of vitamin B1 status. Methods: We investigated the relationships between the established biomarker eThDP and plasma concentrations of thiamine and TMP, and compared the response of these thiamine forms to thiamine fortification using samples from 196 healthy Cambodian women (aged 18–45 years.). eThDP was measured by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) and plasma thiamine and TMP by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: Plasma thiamine and TMP correlated significantly with eThDP at baseline and study-end (p < 0.05). Among the fortification groups, the strongest response was observed for plasma thiamine (increased by 266%), while increases in plasma TMP (60%) and eThDP (53%) were comparable. Conclusions: Plasma thiamine and TMP correlated positively with eThDP, and all thiamine forms responded significantly to thiamine intervention. Measuring plasma concentrations of thiamine forms is advantageous due to convenient sample handling and capacity to develop low volume, high-throughput, multiplex assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian McCann
- Bevital AS, Laboratoriebygget Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Øivind Midttun
- Bevital AS, Laboratoriebygget Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kyly C Whitfield
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
| | - Hou Kroeun
- Helen Keller International, Cambodia Country Office, Phnom Penh 12301, Cambodia.
| | - Mam Borath
- National Sub-Committee for Food Fortification, Ministry of Planning, Phnom Penh 12000, Cambodia.
| | - Prak Sophonneary
- National Nutrition Programme, Maternal and Child Health Centre, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh 12202, Cambodia.
| | - Per Magne Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Timothy J Green
- Food, Nutrition, and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Healthy Mothers, Babies, and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
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Egnell M, Fassier P, Lécuyer L, Zelek L, Vasson MP, Hercberg S, Latino-Martel P, Galan P, Deschasaux M, Touvier M. B-Vitamin Intake from Diet and Supplements and Breast Cancer Risk in Middle-Aged Women: Results from the Prospective NutriNet-Santé Cohort. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050488. [PMID: 28505069 PMCID: PMC5452218 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies suggest a protective effect of B-vitamins on breast cancer risk, potentially modulated by alcohol intake. However, epidemiological studies are limited, especially regarding non-folate B-vitamins. Furthermore, few studies included quantitative assessment of supplemental intake. This prospective study aimed to investigate the associations between intakes of B-vitamins (dietary, supplemental, total) and breast cancer risk. 27,853 women aged ≥45 years from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009–2016) were included, with a median follow-up time of 4.2 years. Dietary data were collected using repeated 24 h records. A specific questionnaire assessed dietary supplement use over a 12-month period. A composition database of 8000 supplements was developed. Associations were characterized by multivariable Cox models, and 462 incident breast cancers were diagnosed. Dietary (HRQ4vs.Q1 = 0.74 (0.55, 0.99), P-trend = 0.05), supplemental (HRQ4vs.Q1 = 0.61 (0.38, 0.98), P-trend = 0.05), and total (HRQ4vs.Q1 = 0.67 (0.50, 0.91), P-trend = 0.01) pyridoxine intakes were inversely associated with breast cancer risk. Total thiamin intake was borderline inversely associated with breast cancer risk (HRper 1-unit increment = 0.78 (0.61, 1.00), P = 0.05). Statistically significant interactions between alcohol consumption and B-vitamin (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folate, and cobalamin) supplemental intake were observed, the latter being inversely associated with breast cancer risk in non-to-low alcohol drinkers but not in higher drinkers. This large prospective study, including quantitative assessment of supplemental intake, suggests a potential protective effect of pyridoxine and thiamin on breast cancer risk in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Egnell
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Philippine Fassier
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Lucie Lécuyer
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Laurent Zelek
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Oncology Department, Avicenne Hospital, 93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- UFR Pharmacie, Inra, UMR 1019, CRNH Auvergne, Centre Jean-Perrin, CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Unité de Nutrition, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, 93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Paule Latino-Martel
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center (CRESS), Inserm U1153, Inra U1125, Cnam, Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France.
- French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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13
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Pan X, Sang S, Fei G, Jin L, Liu H, Wang Z, Wang H, Zhong C. Enhanced Activities of Blood Thiamine Diphosphatase and Monophosphatase in Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0167273. [PMID: 28060825 PMCID: PMC5218390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thiamine metabolites and activities of thiamine-dependent enzymes are impaired in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective To clarify the mechanism for the reduction of thiamine diphosphate (TDP), an active form of thiamine and critical coenzyme of glucose metabolism, in AD. Methods Forty-five AD patients clinically diagnosed and 38 age- and gender-matched control subjects without dementia were voluntarily recruited. The contents of blood TDP, thiamine monophosphate (TMP), and thiamine, as well as the activities of thiamine diphosphatase (TDPase), thiamine monophosphatase (TMPase), and thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPK), were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results Blood TDP contents of AD patients were significantly lower than those in control subjects (79.03 ± 23.24 vs. 127.60 ± 22.65 nmol/L, P<0.0001). Activities of TDPase and TMPase were significantly enhanced in AD patients than those in control subjects (TDPase: 1.24 ± 0.08 vs. 1.00 ± 0.04, P < 0.05; TMPase: 1.22 ± 0.04 vs. 1.00 ± 0.06, P < 0.01). TPK activity remained unchanged in AD as compared with that in control (0.93 ± 0.04 vs. 1.00 ± 0.04, P > 0.05). Blood TDP levels correlated negatively with TDPase activities (r = -0.2576, P = 0.0187) and positively with TPK activities (r = 0.2426, P = 0.0271) in all participants. Conclusion Enhanced TDPase and TMPase activities may contribute to the reduction of TDP level in AD patients. The results imply that an imbalance of phosphorylation-dephosphorylation related to thiamine and glucose metabolism may be a potential target for AD prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital & Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoming Sang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital & Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Fei
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital & Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lirong Jin
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital & Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Regional Health Service Center of Xujiahui, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Regional Health Service Center of Xujiahui, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital & Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Brinkman DJ, Bekema JK, Kuijenhoven MA, Wijnia JW, Dekker MJHJ, van Agtmael MA. [Thiamine in patients with alcohol use disorder and Wernicke's encephalopathy]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2017; 161:D931. [PMID: 28224875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
- Patients with alcohol use disorder frequently have a thiamine deficiency.- A potential life-threatening complication of thiamine deficiency is Wernicke's encephalopathy.- Since it is clinically difficult to recognize Wernicke's encephalopathy, this condition is often treated inadequately. - Early supplementation of thiamine is important to avoid irreversible neurological damage. - There are differences between the Dutch guidelines regarding the supplementation of thiamine for the treatment of alcoholic use disorder, and those for Wernicke's encephalopathy. - There are no solid evidence-based recommendations about the best dosage, route of administration and duration of thiamine supplementation for the treatment of alcohol use disorder and Wernicke's encephalopathy. - Based on the pharmacokinetic properties of thiamine, it is more appropriate to give patients with alcohol use disorder 25 mg four times a day rather than 50 mg twice a day. - Patients at high risk of Wernicke's encephalopathy should immediately receive an intravenous or intramuscular dose of thiamine; patients with suspected Wernicke's encephalopathy should preferably receive an intravenous dose.- Reports of anaphylactic reaction to parenteral administration of thiamine are rare and are not a reason to refrain from parenteral treatment.
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15
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Zhang R, Zhu X, Huang L, Zhou B, Ding G. [Dietary vitamins intakes status of elderly people of 6 minitoring areas in Zhejiang Province in 2010-2012]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2017; 46:32-35. [PMID: 29903148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the situations of dietary vitamins intakes among aged 60 years old adults in different areas of Zhejiang Province, and analyze the food sources of vitamins. METHODS Data were obtained from the 2010-2012 Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey in Zhejiang Province. Dietary intakes among elderly people of vitamin A, vitamin B_1, vitamin B_2, vitamin C, vitamin E and their sources were acquired by 24-hour dietary recalls for 3 days in different areas. RESULTS The elderly people' intakes of VA(296. 85(174. 32, 500. 28) μg RAE/d), VB_1(0. 68(0. 47, 0. 96) mg/d), VB2(0. 65(0. 47, 0. 90) mg /d) and VC(54. 54(33. 65, 83. 82) mg/d) were generally low. Intakes of vitamin B_1, vitamin C and vitamin E were significantly different in different areas( χ~2=41. 201, 39. 262 and 19. 474, P<0. 001). The food sources of vitamins were slightly variant. CONCLUSION The insufficient status of vitamins intakes among elderly people in Zhejiang was serious, and there were differences among elderly people from different areas in intakes and food sources of vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Xuhui Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Lichun Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Biao Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Gangqiang Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Hangzhou 310051, China
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16
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Ikeda K, Liu X, Kida K, Marutani E, Hirai S, Sakaguchi M, Andersen LW, Bagchi A, Cocchi MN, Berg KM, Ichinose F, Donnino MW. Thiamine as a neuroprotective agent after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2016; 105:138-44. [PMID: 27185216 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Reduction of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity in the brain is associated with neurological deficits in animals resuscitated from cardiac arrest. Thiamine is an essential co-factor of PDH. The objective of this study was to examine whether administration of thiamine improves outcomes after cardiac arrest in mice. Secondarily, we aimed to characterize the impact of cardiac arrest on PDH activity in mice and humans. METHODS Animal study: Adult mice were subjected to cardiac arrest whereupon cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed. Thiamine or vehicle was administered 2min before resuscitation and daily thereafter. Mortality, neurological outcome, and metabolic markers were evaluated. Human study: In a convenience sample of post-cardiac arrest patients, we measured serial PDH activity from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and compared them to healthy controls. RESULTS Animal study: Mice treated with thiamine had increased 10-day survival (48% versus 17%, P<0.01) and improved neurological function when compared to vehicle-treated mice. In addition, thiamine markedly improved histological brain injury compared to vehicle. The beneficial effects of thiamine were accompanied by improved oxygen consumption in mitochondria, restored thiamine pyrophosphate levels, and increased PDH activity in the brain at 10 days. Human study: Post-cardiac arrest patients had lower PDH activity in mononuclear cells than did healthy volunteers (estimated difference: -5.8O.D./min/mg protein, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The provision of thiamine after cardiac arrest improved neurological outcome and 10-day survival in mice. PDH activity was markedly depressed in post-cardiac arrest patients suggesting that this pathway may represent a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Ikeda
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kotaro Kida
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eizo Marutani
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuichi Hirai
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masahiro Sakaguchi
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lars W Andersen
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anaesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aranya Bagchi
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael N Cocchi
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesia Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine M Berg
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, MA, USA
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael W Donnino
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, MA, USA.
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Abstract
AIMS Accumulation of advanced glycation endpoints is a trigger to the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, which is a common complication of diabetes. Oral administration of benfotiamine (BFT) has shown some preclinical and clinical promise as a treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the method of transdermal delivery of BFT as a possible, viable route of administration for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. METHODS A single application of 10 mg of BFT was given to guinea pigs topically. The levels of thiamine (T), thiamine monophosphate, thiamine diphosphate, S-benzoylthiamine and BFT were measured in the blood, skin and muscle at different time points within 24 h. RESULTS At the 24-h time point, following the single BFT dose, the T level was increased 10× in the blood, more than 7× in the skin and almost 4× in the muscle compared to the untreated animals. The total T content (total) was increased 7× in the blood, 17× in the skin and 3× in the muscle compared to the untreated animals. CONCLUSIONS This strong increase in the tissue levels of T and the associated metabolic derivatives levels found in the blood and local tissues following a single dose indicate that topically applied BFT may be a viable and advantageous delivery method for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- BioChemics Inc., 99 Rosewood Drive, Suite 270, Danvers, MA, 01923-4537, USA.
| | - Gyula Varadi
- BioChemics Inc., 99 Rosewood Drive, Suite 270, Danvers, MA, 01923-4537, USA
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18
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Homan J, Betzel B, Aarts EO, Dogan K, van Laarhoven KJHM, Janssen IMC, Berends FJ. Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies After Biliopancreatic Diversion and Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch--the Rule Rather than the Exception. Obes Surg 2016; 25:1626-32. [PMID: 25595384 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malabsorptive bariatric procedures, like the biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) and BPD with duodenal switch (BPD/DS), have excellent results in terms of weight loss. However, these malabsorptive techniques are associated with severe malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vitamin and mineral status after BPD and BPD/DS in the long term. METHODS All patients who underwent BPD or BPD/DS were selected and invited for an additional follow-up (FU) visit, including blood sampling for vitamin and mineral levels. RESULTS Forty patients completed the blood sampling with a median FU of 42 (range 12-90) months. At that time, all patients used some kind of supplementation. However, 93 % of all patients were diagnosed with a deficiency. There were no significant differences in mean serum level vitamins and minerals between BPD and BPD/DS. Forty-three per cent of the patients were anaemic, and 40 % had an iron deficiency (ID). High deficiency rates for fat-soluble vitamins were present: vitamin A in 28 %, vitamin D in 60 %, vitamin E in 10 % and vitamin K in 60 % of the patients. Hypervitaminosis was found in 43 % of the patients for vitamin B1 and in 50 % for vitamin B6. CONCLUSION High numbers of vitamin and mineral deficiencies were found after BPD and BPD/DS despite vitamin supplementation. Anaemia, ID and deficiencies for fat-soluble vitamins are frequently diagnosed. Repeated monitoring is necessary to detect deficiencies at an early stage. Taking all of this into consideration, a stringent multivitamin supplementation regimen should be implemented after malabsorptive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Homan
- Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital, Postal number 1190, 6800 TA, Arnhem, The Netherlands,
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19
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Pan X, Fei G, Lu J, Jin L, Pan S, Chen Z, Wang C, Sang S, Liu H, Hu W, Zhang H, Wang H, Wang Z, Tan Q, Qin Y, Zhang Q, Xie X, Ji Y, Cui D, Gu X, Xu J, Yu Y, Zhong C. Measurement of Blood Thiamine Metabolites for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis. EBioMedicine 2015; 3:155-162. [PMID: 26870826 PMCID: PMC4739421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain glucose hypometabolism is an invariant feature and has significant diagnostic value for Alzheimer's disease. Thiamine diphosphate (TDP) is a critical coenzyme for glucose metabolism and significantly reduced in brain and blood samples of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aims To explore the diagnostic value of the measurement of blood thiamine metabolites for AD. Methods Blood TDP, thiamine monophosphate, and thiamine levels were detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The study included the exploration and validation phases. In the exploration phase, the samples of 338 control subjects and 43 AD patients were utilized to establish the models for AD diagnosis assayed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, including the variable γ that represents the best combination of thiamine metabolites and age to predict the possibility of AD. In the validation phase, the values of models were further tested for AD diagnosis using samples of 861 control subjects, 81 AD patients, 70 vascular dementia patients, and 13 frontotemporal dementia patients. Results TDP and the γ exhibited significant and consistent values for AD diagnosis in both exploration and validation phases. TDP had 0.843 and 0.837 of the areas under ROC curve (AUCs), 77.4% and 81.5% of sensitivities, and 78.1% and 77.2% of specificities respectively in the exploration and validation phases. The γ had 0.938 and 0.910 of AUCs, 81.4% and 80.2% of sensitivities, and 90.5% and 87.2% of specificities respectively in the exploration and validation phases. TDP and the γ can effectively distinguish AD from vascular dementia (64.3% for TDP, 67.1% for γ) and frontotemporal dementia (84.6% for TDP, 100.0% for γ). Interpretation. The measurement of blood thiamine metabolites by HPLC is an ideal diagnostic test for AD with inexpensive, easy to perform, noninvasive merits. The measurement of blood thiamine metabolites by HPLC as a promising biomarker test for Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis. This test is inexpensive, easy to perform and noninvasive which meets the criteria of ideal biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease.
The disturbance of brain glucose metabolism is an invariant feature and has significant diagnostic value for Alzheimer's disease. Thiamine diphosphate, one of thiamine metabolites, is a critical coenzyme for three key enzymes of glucose metabolism and significantly reduced in brain and blood samples of a small number of Alzheimer's disease patients. Our study demonstrates that the measurement of blood thiamine metabolites, manifested as thiamine diphosphate level and the variable γ representing the best combination of thiamine metabolites and age, exhibits excellent value for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis with inexpensive, easy to perform, noninvasive merits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoqiang Fei
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jingwen Lu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lirong Jin
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shumei Pan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhichun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changpeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shaoming Sang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weihong Hu
- The Key laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- The Key laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Regional Health Service Center of Xujiahui, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Regional Health Service Center of Xujiahui, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qiong Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | | | - Xueping Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Fengcheng Branch, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201411, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Donghong Cui
- The Key laboratory of Translational Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaohua Gu
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing medical university, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing medical university, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuguo Yu
- Center for Computational Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Al-Daghri NM, Alharbi M, Wani K, Abd-Alrahman SH, Sheshah E, Alokail MS. Biochemical changes correlated with blood thiamine and its phosphate esters levels in patients with diabetes type 1 (DMT1). Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:13483-13488. [PMID: 26722561 PMCID: PMC4680506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential enzyme cofactor in most organisms required at several stages of anabolic and catabolic intermediary metabolism. However, little is known on the positive effects of thiamine in diabetic type 1 (DMT1) patients. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the biochemical changes related to thiamine deficiency in patients with DMT1 outcomes among Saudi adults. We hypothesized that blood thiamine deficiency in patients with DMT1 manifestations might lead to an increase in metabolic syndrome. A total of 77 patients with DMT1 (age 35.8 ± 5.5) and 81 controls (age 45.0 ± 18.1) (total N = 158) were randomly selected from the Riyadh Cohort Study for inclusion. Saudi adults with diabetes type 1, a significant decrease in systolic (P < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.008) and microalbuminuria (P = 0.02). Moreover, cholesterol, glucose and triglycerides were significantly increased (P 0.001, 0.001 and 0.008, respectively) in patients with diabetes type 1 compared to controls. On the other hand, HDL, TMP, TDP and thiamine, were significantly decreased in patients with diabetes type 1 (P 0.005, 0.002, 0.005, and 0.002), respectively. A strong association between blood thiamine level and diabetes type 1 was detected in our study population. The results confirmed the role of thiamine and thiamine phosphate esters, in preventing metabolic changes and complications of diabetes type 1. The levels of these thiamine and thiamine phosphate esters were correlated with diabetes related biomarkers including HDL, glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol, as well as microalbuminuria, LDL and urine thiamine. The results support a pivotal role of blood thiamine and its phosphate esters in preventing the biochemical changes and complications in patients with DMT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Biomarkers Research Program, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, KSA
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, KSA
| | - Mohammed Alharbi
- Diabetes Centers and Units Administration, Ministry of HealthRiyadh 11451, KSA
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Biomarkers Research Program, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, KSA
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, KSA
| | - Sherif H Abd-Alrahman
- Biomarkers Research Program, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, KSA
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, KSA
| | - Eman Sheshah
- Diabetes Care Center, Prince Salman Bin Abdulaziz HospitalRiyadh 11451, KSA
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Biomarkers Research Program, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, KSA
- Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451, KSA
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21
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Puts J, de Groot M, Haex M, Jakobs B. Simultaneous Determination of Underivatized Vitamin B1 and B6 in Whole Blood by Reversed Phase Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132018. [PMID: 26134844 PMCID: PMC4489891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin B1 (thiamine-diphosphate) and B6 (pyridoxal-5’phosphate) are micronutrients. Analysis of these micronutrients is important to diagnose potential deficiency which often occurs in elderly people due to malnutrition, in severe alcoholism and in gastrointestinal compromise due to bypass surgery or disease. Existing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) based methods include the need for derivatization and long analysis time. We developed an Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) assay with internal standards for simultaneous measurement of underivatized thiamine-diphosphate and pyridoxal-5’phosphate without use of ion pairing reagent. Methods Whole blood, deproteinized with perchloric acid, containing deuterium labelled internal standards thiamine-diphosphate(thiazole-methyl-D3) and pyridoxal-5’phosphate(methyl-D3), was analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS. The method was validated for imprecision, linearity, recovery and limit of quantification. Alternate (quantitative) method comparisons of the new versus currently used routine HPLC methods were established with Deming regression. Results Thiamine-diphosphate and pyridoxal-5’phosphate were measured within 2.5 minutes instrumental run time. Limits of detection were 2.8 nmol/L and 7.8 nmol/L for thiamine-diphosphate and pyridoxal-5’phosphate respectively. Limit of quantification was 9.4 nmol/L for thiamine-diphosphate and 25.9 nmol/L for pyridoxal-5’phosphate. The total imprecision ranged from 3.5–7.7% for thiamine-diphosphate (44–157 nmol/L) and 6.0–10.4% for pyridoxal-5’phosphate (30–130 nmol/L). Extraction recoveries were 101–102% ± 2.5% (thiamine-diphosphate) and 98–100% ± 5% (pyridoxal-5’phosphate). Deming regression yielded slopes of 0.926 and 0.990 in patient samples (n = 282) and national proficiency testing samples (n = 12) respectively, intercepts of +3.5 and +3 for thiamine-diphosphate (n = 282 and n = 12) and slopes of 1.04 and 0.84, intercepts of -2.9 and +20 for pyridoxal-5’phosphate (n = 376 and n = 12). Conclusion The described UHPLC-MS/MS method allows simultaneous determination of underivatized thiamine-diphosphate and pyridoxal-5’phosphate in whole blood without intensive sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Puts
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Monique de Groot
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Haex
- Life Science group, Agilent Technologies, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernadette Jakobs
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Nutrition is one of the most important modifiable factors involved in the development and maintenance of good bone health. Calcium and Vitamin D have confirmed and established roles in the maintenance of proper bone health. However, other nutritional factors could also be implicated. This review will explore the emerging evidence of the supporting role of certain B Vitamins as modifiable factors associated with bone health. Individuals with high levels of homocysteine (hcy) exhibit reduced bone mineral density (BMD), alteration in microarchitecture and increased bone fragility. The pathophysiology caused by high serum homocysteine is not completely clear regarding fractures, but it may involve factors, such as bone mineral density, bone turnover, bone blood flow and collagen cross-linking. It is uncertain whether supplementation with B Vitamins, such as folate, Vitamin B1, and Vitamin B6, could decrease hip fracture incidence, but the results of further clinical trials should be awaited before a conclusion is drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fratoni
- Department of Surgery and Traslational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6-50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Traslational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6-50139 Florence, Italy.
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Nix WA, Zirwes R, Bangert V, Kaiser RP, Schilling M, Hostalek U, Obeid R. Vitamin B status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without incipient nephropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 107:157-65. [PMID: 25458341 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the vitamin B status, with particular focus on vitamin B6, in adults with and without incipient nephropathy secondary to type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Plasma and/or urine concentrations of vitamins B₆, B₁, B₁₂, related vitamers and biomarkers (including total homocysteine, methylmalonic acid) were measured in 120 adults with type 2 diabetes (including 46 patients with microalbuminuria) and 52 non-diabetic control subjects. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) were significantly lower in patients with type 2 diabetes than in control subjects (median: 22.7 nmol/L, diabetes with microalbuminuria; 26.8 nmol/L, diabetes without microalbuminuria; 39.5 nmol/L, non-diabetic control; p<0.0001). The prevalence of low PLP (<30 nmol/L) was 63%, 58%, and 25% in the diabetes groups with and without microalbuminuria and the control group, respectively. Plasma levels of pyridoxine and pyridoxal were also lower (p<0.0001), but levels of pyridoxamine, pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate, and pyridoxic acid were higher in both groups with diabetes compared to the control group (p<0.001). Thiamine deficiency was highly prevalent in all groups, whereas low vitamin B₁₂ and elevated methylmalonic acid were rare. Increased levels of C-reactive protein and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were observed in the groups with diabetes (p<0.05, versus healthy control). CONCLUSIONS Deficiency of vitamin B₆ (PLP, pyridoxine, pyridoxal) and vitamin B₁ (thiamine) was prevalent in type 2 diabetes. Incipient nephropathy was associated with more pronounced alterations in vitamin B₆ metabolism and stronger indications of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred A Nix
- Akademie für Ärztliche Fortbildung in Rheinland-Pfalz, Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rima Obeid
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, D-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Abstract
AIM To assess the association between thiamin concentration, frusemide use, and renal function in older adults. METHOD Thiamin concentration was measured in 73 consecutive admissions of patients aged over 65 years in a secondary care hospital. The patients were assigned to the study or control group based on frusemide use. A two-sample t test estimated the association between frusemide use and thiamin concentration and regression between thiamin concentration and EGFR. RESULTS The mean (SD) thiamin concentration was 181.7 (64.6) nmol/L in those using frusemide and 169.3 (46.8) in non-users, P =0.35. There was a weak linear relationship between thiamin concentration and EGFR, with thiamin concentration being 17.0 nmol/L lower per 30 ml/min greater EGFR, P=0.076. Thiamin concentration was below the reference range in 20/73 (27.4%) of the participants. CONCLUSION We found no association between frusemide use and thiamin concentration, but showed a significant prevalence of lower thiamin concentration in the study population of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Nazmi
- a Wellington Hospital, Capital and Coast District Health Board , Wellington , New Zealand
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemic growth of morbid obesity has led to an increase in the number of bariatric interventions. During the distribution process of bariatric surgical interventions, the risk for severe nutritious complications such as bariatric beriberi can rise. METHODS By means of systematic literature review, epidemiological data, clinical characteristics and diagnostic as well as therapeutic recommendations for bariatric beriberi were elicited. Databases and registries such as PubMed, Cochrane and Ovid were searched for a defined time period with the key words 'lack of thiamine' / 'Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome' / 'encephalopathy' after bariatric surgical interventions. RESULTS Up to December 2013, overall 255 patients had been found as published cases, indicating that the risk for the postoperative occurrence of thiamine deficiency and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is increased in women. In addition, the risk correlates with patient's age. The majority of patients developed symptoms of a dry beriberi with peripheral neuritis, ataxia and paraplegia, indicating an advanced stage of disease approximately 4-12 weeks postoperatively. Laboratory analysis in case of a suspicious clinical finding is the appropriate diagnostics. As treatment, prompt initiation of parenteral thiamine substitution under clinical monitoring is required. CONCLUSION Bariatric beriberi can occur within the first 1-3 postoperative months. To minimize the risk of severe consequences, immediate substitution of thiamine in clinical suspicion or prolonged parenteral nutrition is necessary. A delayed diagnosis or missing the correct diagnosis can lead to irreversible damages of the CNS with coma and fatal outcome. Knowledge on the subject, including development of thiamine deficiency, symptomatology and emergency treatment, are considered essential for bariatric surgeons but also for further medical disciplines involved in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Stroh
- SRH Municipal Hospital, Department of General, Abdominal and Pediatric Surgery, Gera, Germany, Magdeburg, Germany
- *Christine Stroh MD, Department of General, Abdominal and Pediatric Surgery, Municipal Hospital Gera, Straße des Friedens 122, 07548 Gera (Germany),
| | - Frank Meyer
- University Hospital, Department of General, Abdominal and Vascular Surgery, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Manger
- SRH Municipal Hospital, Department of General, Abdominal and Pediatric Surgery, Gera, Germany, Magdeburg, Germany
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Moskowitz A, Graver A, Giberson T, Berg K, Liu X, Uber A, Gautam S, Donnino MW. The relationship between lactate and thiamine levels in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. J Crit Care 2013; 29:182.e5-8. [PMID: 23993771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thiamine functions as an important cofactor in aerobic metabolism and thiamine deficiency can contribute to lactic acidosis. Although increased rates of thiamine deficiency have been described in diabetic outpatients, this phenomenon has not been studied in relation to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). In the present study, we hypothesize that thiamine deficiency is associated with elevated lactate in patients with DKA. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective observational study of patients presenting to a tertiary care center with DKA. Patient demographics, laboratory results, and outcomes were recorded. A one-time blood draw was performed and analyzed for plasma thiamine levels. RESULTS Thirty-two patients were enrolled. Eight patients (25%) were thiamine deficient, with levels lower than 9 nmol/L. A negative correlation between lactic acid and plasma thiamine levels was found (r = -0.56, P = .002). This relationship remained significant after adjustment for APACHE II scores (P = .009). Thiamine levels were directly related to admission serum bicarbonate (r = 0.44, P = .019), and patients with thiamine deficiency maintained lower bicarbonate levels over the first 24 hours (slopes parallel with a difference of 4.083, P = .002). CONCLUSIONS Patients with DKA had a high prevalence of thiamine deficiency. Thiamine levels were inversely related to lactate levels among patients with DKA. A study of thiamine supplementation in DKA is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Moskowitz
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Amanda Graver
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Tyler Giberson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Katherine Berg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Amy Uber
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Shiva Gautam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Michael W Donnino
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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McGready R, Simpson JA, Arunjerdja R, Golfetto I, Ghebremeskel K, Taylor A, Siemieniuk A, Mercuri E, Harper G, Dubowitz L, Crawford M, Nosten F. Delayed visual maturation in Karen refugee infants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 23:193-204. [PMID: 14567835 DOI: 10.1179/027249303322296510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-eight babies born to Karen mothers living in camps for displaced persons in north-western Thailand have delayed visual maturation (DVM type 1) that recovers within 6 months. Vitamin A concentrations were deficient in 16% of breast-milk samples from lactating mothers and vitamin B(1) concentrations were deficient in 60% of plasma samples. Infantile beriberi was common in this population. The levels of fatty acids in plasma and milk in Karen women were excellent at birth and in the postpartum period. The degree of deficiencies in these vitamins and the concentration of essential fatty acids in cord blood and maternal breast-milk did not correlate significantly with visual impairment in the infants. DVM might be caused by nutritional deficiency or toxic effects during critical periods of gestation that lead to delayed cortical myelination or structural defects which impinge on parietal cortex function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose McGready
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot and Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Lu'o'ng KVQ, Nguyễn LTH. The role of thiamine in cancer: possible genetic and cellular signaling mechanisms. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2013; 10:169-185. [PMID: 23893925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between supplemental vitamins and various types of cancer has been the focus of recent investigation, and supplemental vitamins have been reported to modulate cancer rates. A significant association has been demonstrated between cancer and low levels of thiamine in the serum. Genetic studies have helped identify a number of factors that link thiamine to cancer, including the solute carrier transporter (SLC19) gene, transketolase, transcription factor p53, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 gene, and the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Thiamine supplementation may contribute to a high rate of tumor cell survival, proliferation and chemotherapy resistance. Thiamine has also been implicated in cancer through its effects on matrix metalloproteinases, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide synthase. However, some studies have suggested that thiamine may exhibit some antitumor effects. The role of thiamine in cancer is controversial. However, thiamine deficiency may occur in patients with cancer and cause serious disorders, including Wernicke's encephalopathy, that require parenteral thiamine supplementation. A very high dose of thiamine produces a growth-inhibitory effect in cancer. Therefore, further investigations of thiamine in cancer are needed to clarify this relationship.
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Scheller K, Röckl T, Scheller C, Schubert J. Lower concentrations of B-vitamin subgroups in the serum and amniotic fluid correlate to cleft lip and palate appearance in the offspring of A/WySn mice. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71:1601.e1-7. [PMID: 23642547 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis and prevention of cleft lip and palate (CL/P) have been studied mainly in clinical and animal experiments. A prophylactic poly-B-vitamin substitution during the first months of pregnancy has provided the most encouraging results for the prevention of CL/P recurrence in families at risk. In vitro studies of the palatal organ in an A/WySn mouse model have confirmed the positive influence of B-vitamins on palatal development. The present animal study was performed to analyze different B-vitamin concentrations in the serum and amniotic fluid of A/WySn mice according to the appearance of CL/P in their offspring. MATERIAL AND METHODS Concentrations of different B-vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and folic acid) in serum and amniotic fluid were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatographic detection. Immunohistochemical staining against thiamin-1 receptor was performed on histologic midface sections of A/WySn fetuses with (n = 12) and without (n = 14) CL/P. RESULTS Vitamin B5 (P < .001) and folic acid (P < .004) concentrations in the amniotic fluid of dams with CL/P were significantly lower than in dams without CL/P. Serum concentrations of folic acid (P = .5) and B5 (P = .4) showed no difference between the 2 groups. Dams with CL/P had significantly lower thiamine concentrations in serum (P = .01) and amniotic fluid (P < .001). Histologic midface sections presented high thiamin-1 receptor expression in the palatal shelf of fetuses with CL/P. CONCLUSION A decreased use or uptake of some B-vitamin subgroups (B1, B5, and folic acid) in amniotic fluid and serum (vitamin B1) was correlated to an increased cleft appearance in A/WySn mice. The high thiamin-1 receptor expression in the palatal tissue of mouse fetuses with CL/P may be caused by a decreased availability of vitamin B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Scheller
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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30
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Rakhmanov RS, Kuznetsova LV, Blinova TV, Strakhova LA, Tsariapkin VE. [Vitamin and mineral status of oarsmen during the training-competition cycles]. Vopr Pitan 2013; 82:76-81. [PMID: 24340936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin and minerals status of 30 sportsmen aged 16.8 +/- 0.2 years (trained in boat racing 5.0 +/- 0.3 years) during the training--competition cycles in autumn and winter has been studied. A significant decrease of vitamin A level in the range of reference limits was found in 30.8% of sportsmen during autumn season, but such decrease was revealed in 100% of examined sportsmen during winter Vitamin B1 and B2 deficiency has been detected in both seasons. The portion of persons with vitamin B2 deficiency increased during training cycles. A significant decrease of magnesium (in 56.3% of sportsmen) and sodium level (in 33.3% of sportsmen) was detected during autumn season. Irrespective of the season a significant decrease of blood serum of calcium (in 40.0-66.7% of sportsmen); potassium (in 53.3-66.7% of sportsmen according to both absolute and individual data); chlorides (in 50.0-90.0% of sportsmen), and iron (in 53.3-60.0% of sportsmen) has been revealed. The data obtained indicate the need for diagnostics and correction of vitamin and minerals status in sportsmen.
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Nakashima Y, Ito K, Nakashima H, Shirakawa A, Abe Y, Ogahara S, Sasatomi Y, Yasunaga T, Ifuku M, Tsugawa J, Tsuboi Y, Saito T. Wernicke's encephalopathy that developed during the introduction period of peritoneal dialysis. Intern Med 2013; 52:2093-7. [PMID: 24042519 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.52.9427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 43-year-old man was admitted with end-stage renal disease caused by IgA nephropathy, and was treated with maintenance peritoneal dialysis. The patient developed general fatigue and appetite loss, and his symptoms were gradually aggravated by depression. After approximately 2 months on dialysis, the patient presented with altered consciousness and ophthalmoplegia. Wernicke's encephalopathy was diagnosed based on the presence of classic symptoms and the findings on magnetic resonance imaging. Thiamine replacement therapy was immediately initiated. The patient recovered from most of his neurological symptoms; however, the sequela of Korsakoff syndrome remained. A marginal thiamine deficiency in combination with predisposing factors must be considered when treating dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakashima
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan
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Al-Attas OS, Al-Daghri NM, Alfadda AA, Abd-Alrahman SH, Sabico S. Blood thiamine and its phosphate esters as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography: levels and associations in diabetes mellitus patients with varying degrees of microalbuminuria. J Endocrinol Invest 2012; 35:951-6. [PMID: 22107884 DOI: 10.3275/8126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamine deficiency has been linked to microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, we aim to assess blood and urine thiamine status by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in patients with DM Type 1 and Type 2 (DMT1, DMT2) and to identify associations with markers of incipient nephropathy and kidney dysfunction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 205 subjects (43 DMT1 and 162 DMT2) with and without microalbuminuria and 26 non-diabetic controls were included. Fasting blood samples were collected and anthropometric parameters were measured. Fasting blood, lipid and renal profile were determined routinely. Blood thiamine concentration, its phosphate esters and urine thiamine were quantified using HPLC. RESULTS Blood thiamine concentrations (ng 1-1) were decreased by 75.7% and 49.6% in patients with DMT1 and DMT2, respectively [controls (54.8+/-11.4); DMT1 (41.5+/-17.9); DMT2 (27.2+/-12.7), p<0.001]. Among those with normo-albuminuria, urinary excretion of thiamine was significantly increased to 390.1 microg/ml and 1212.4 microg/ml in DMT1 and DMT2 respectively, as compared to controls (326.4 microg/ml). DMT1 and DMT2 patients with micro- albuminuria on the other hand had 2.5- and 3.4-fold increase in urinary excretion of thiamine compared to controls. CONCLUSION Low levels of blood thiamine are present in patients with DMT1 and DMT2, and are associated with increased thiamine clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Al-Attas
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common form of neurodegeneration in the elderly population. PD is clinically characterized by tremors, rigidity, slowness of movement and postural imbalance. A significant association has been demonstrated between PD and low levels of thiamine in the serum, which suggests that elevated thiamine levels might provide protection against PD. Genetic studies have helped identify a number of factors that link thiamine to PD pathology, including the DJ-1 gene, excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 or ubiquinone), lipoamide dehydrogenase (LAD), chromosome 7, transcription factor p53, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 gene (PARP-1). Thiamine has also been implicated in PD through its effects on L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels (L-VSCC), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), prostaglandins (PGs), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Recent studies highlight a possible relationship between thiamine and PD. Genetic studies provide opportunities to determine which proteins may link thiamine to PD pathology. Thiamine can also act through a number of non-genomic mechanisms that include protein expression, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular metabolism. Further studies are needed to determine the benefits of using thiamine as a treatment for PD.
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Nezgovorov DV. [Effect of some vitamins on activity of immunocompetent cells]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2012; 75:19-22. [PMID: 22442958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The content of vitamins A, E, B1, B2, B6 in lymphocytes and serum of blood was studied with simultaneous determination of CD3+, CD5+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD25+, CD71+, CD95+, and HLADR+ populations. According to cellular immunity response, patients were divided into two groups--with physiological norm and deficiency. It was established that, irrespective of the group, the content of vitamins A, E, B6 in blood serum does not change, while the concentration of B1 and B2 in the group with physiological norm is greater than that in the group with deficiency. In the group with deficiency of cellular immunity, increased level of endocellular vitamins A, E, B2 and B6 was revealed. Concentration of thiamine in both blood serum and lymphocytes in the group with physiological norm was greater than in the group with deficiency of cellular immunity.
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Beketova NA, Vrzhesinskaia OA, Kodentsova VM, Kosheleva OV, Guseva GV, Trusov NV. [Effect of dietary fat on vitamin status of rats]. Vopr Pitan 2012; 81:52-57. [PMID: 22888672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of low (1%) and high (31%) diet fat content (sunflower-seed oil and lard 1:1 at a ratio of 1:1) on vitamin A, E, B1 and B2 status of growing Wistar rats (8 rats per group) with initial body weight 80-100 g has been investigated. The semi-synthetic diet contained vitamin mixture in doses covering the physiological requirement of these animals. The increase of fat content (31%) in the diet due to the presence of vitamin E in sunflower-seed oil automatically lead to 1,7-fold increase consumption of this vitamin compared to the control group. Diet fat content did not affect the level of vitamins B1 and B2 in rat liver. Excessive intake of fat and vitamin E for 6 weeks did not influence on the content of blood plasma vitamin E and rat liver vitamin A occurs at the same time, while significant 1,9 fold elevation of liver vitamin E level and 26 per cent increase of blood plasma vitamin A concentration. The almost complete exclusion of fat from the diet had no effect on blood plasma level of alpha-tocopherol and retinol, but resulted in a significant decrease of vitamins A and E content in rat liver by 40 per cent, indicating a deterioration of sufficiency with these fat-soluble vitamins. The analysis of the results obtained in this investigation and literature data have suggested that under excessive as well as under decreased consumption of fat there is a risk of the development of polyhypovitaminosis. Vitamin complex supplementation is required to prevent a possible worsening of vitamin status under diets with modified fatty component.
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Liu L, Sun C, Wang C, Li Y. [Determination of serum vitamin B1 and B2 with HPLC]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2011; 40:756-758. [PMID: 22279673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a HPLC method for the determination of serum vitamin B1 (VB1) and vitamin B2 (VB2) simultaneously. METHODS Serum samples were pretreated at ambient temperature on a C18 reversed phase chromatographic column, methanol plus phosphate buffer was used for mobile phase, vitamin B1 and B2 contents of serum samples eluted from a Sep-park C18 column were detected with a photodiode array detector. The influences of retention time, the volume and the proportion of eluent on the recovery of samples were investigated. RESULTS Recoveries were ranged from 82.67 to 96.89%. The coefficient of variation was < 10%. The linearity and correlation coefficient was 0.9985 and 0.9995, respectively. The contents of serum VB1 and VB2 in obese people were lower than those in healthy controls. CONCLUSION A HPLC method of determining serum VB1 and VB2 was established. Serum VB1 and VB2 level in obese people was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Liu
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Kleshchina IV, Eliseev II. [Characteristics of nutrition and vitamin supply in girls with metabolic syndrome]. Gig Sanit 2011:68-70. [PMID: 21510051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of actual nutrition in girls with metabolic syndrome revealed excess dietary energy value due to the higher intake of fat and carbohydrates (mono- and disaccharides in particular) and the low intake of vitamin E. The vitamin status of the majority of girls with metabolic syndrome showed varying blood and urinary vitamin E, C, and B, deficiencies.
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Kuwabara H, Goseki N, Nakamura H, Tamai S, Baba H, Nakajima K. Patients with gastrointestinal tract disorders receiving parenteral nutrition need a higher dose of vitamin C. Hepatogastroenterology 2011; 58:31-35. [PMID: 21510282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Appropriateness of the vitamin doses in Japanese commercial multi-vitamin preparations for parenteral nutrition therapy was investigated in patients with gastrointestinal tract disorder by evaluating the vitamin status (blood concentrations and urinary excretions of vitamins B1, B2, B6, and C) of them. METHODOLOGY Commercial multivitamin preparations were administered continuously with a commercial PN solution over 5 days to 10 patients with gastrointestinal tract disorder. Blood concentrations of vitamins B1, B2, B6, and C were measured on the mornings of day 1, day 4, and day 6. Urinary excretions were measured in 24-h urine collections collected after day 3 and after day 5. RESULTS Blood concentrations of vitamins B1, B2, and B6 increased but remained within or slightly above the normal throughout the study, and urinary excretion values were normal in all patients. However, blood vitamin C concentration surpassed the lower limit of normal (5.5 microg/mL) only on day 6. Urinary vitamin C excretion was below normal (20.0 mg/day) in all and 7 patients on days 3 and 5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In patients with gastrointestinal tract disorder, the doses of vitamins B1, B2, and B6 of Japanese commercial multi-vitamin preparations are adequate but that of vitamin C (100 mg/day) is inadequate and should be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kuwabara
- Department of Surgery, Shuwa General Hospital, 1200, Yaharashinden, Kasukabe, Saitama, 344-0035, Japan
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Leithäuser C, Schenk HC, Höltershinken M, Tipold A. [Measurement of thiamine concentration in the cat using high pressure liquid chromatography]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2011; 39:243-248. [PMID: 22143662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thiamine deficiency in cats frequently leads to a dysfunction of the central nervous system including vestibular signs with fatal outcome in untreated cases. The aim of the present study was to directly measure thiamine concentrations using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in feline blood samples and to evaluate values in healthy and diseased cats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood samples (1 ml EDTA-whole blood) from 193 cats were analysed for total thiamine and thiamine diphosphate using HPLC. For the interpretation of the results cats were retrospectively assigned to six groups: A) healthy cats, B) cats with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, C) cats with different traumas not affecting the gastrointestinal tract, D) cats with inappetence, cats with central vestibular signs and normal (E) or low values of thiamine (F), respectively. RESULTS In animals of group F no obvious cause for the vestibular signs was found and spontaneous recovery after thiamine application occurred in three cats. Therefore thiamine deficiency was a highly likely clinical diagnosis. Total thiamine concentration (mean 48.2 µg/l, standard deviation ± 22.6) of group F significantly differered from the other groups (group A-D: p<0.01, group E: p<0.001). Comparable results were obtained for thiamine diphosphate. However, low total thiamine values were also found in cats with inappetence without any neurological signs. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In the present study a method for direct measurement of thiamine formerly established for ruminants was evaluated for cats. A more accurate and objective clinical diagnosis of thiamine deficiency is feasible in cats with values less than 50 µg/l and typical clinical signs. In animals with values of total thiamine levels between 50-70 µg/l a prophylactic substitution of thiamine can be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Leithäuser
- Tierärztliche Klinik für Kleintiere, Kabels Stieg 41, 22850 Norderstedt.
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Beketova NA, Kodentsova VM, Vrzhesinskaia OA, Kosheleva OV, Pereverzeva OG, Isaeva VA, Pozdniakov AL. [Influence wheat bran on organism vitamin (experiment on rats)]. Vopr Pitan 2011; 80:35-42. [PMID: 22379862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion of wheat bran (at a dose of 2,3 and 4,6% of the dry weight) in the semi-synthetic diet of rats under combined deficiency of vitamins (20 and 50% of the adequate level) did not have a significant effect on vitamins C, B1 and B2 liver levels, riboflavin blood plasma level, and thiamine and riboflavin urinary excretion. The consumption of bran in high dose has been accompanied by a decrease of retinol blood plasma level on 19-28% but it has no effect on liver retinol palmitate content. Bran intake in both doses resulted in a deterioration of rats sufficiency with vitamin E, which had been confirmed by a simultaneous significant decrease of blood plasma alpha-tocopherol concentration on 31-40%, and its liver level on 23-43%. The results obtained indicate the advisability of vitamin E enrichment of diets with a high content of dietary fiber.
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Karapinar T, Dabak M, Kizil O. Thiamine status of feedlot cattle fed a high-concentrate diet. Can Vet J 2010; 51:1251-1253. [PMID: 21286325 PMCID: PMC2957033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
As thiamine status of ruminants is adversely affected by rumen acidity, this study investigated whether or not thiamine deficiency occurs in feedlot cattle fed a high concentrate diet. Fifty 1- to 2-year-old feedlot cattle fed a high concentrate diet (75% barley) for at least 3 mo (high concentrate diet group) and 15 healthy feedlot cattle of similar ages (control group) that were fed a low concentrate diet (30% barley) were used. Rumen fluid samples were obtained by rumenocentesis and their pH was determined with a portable pH meter. Blood samples taken from all animals from a jugular vein were used to determine erythrocyte transketolase enzyme activity, and hence thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) effect. Odor and mean pH values of ruminal fluid samples from the high concentrate diet and control group were acidic (pH 5.3) and aromatic (pH 6.1), respectively. The mean TPP effect % in the high concentrate diet group (47.2 ± 3.2) was significantly higher than in the control group (19.53 ± 2.5) (P < 0.001). The study provides evidence of a TPP effect in feedlot cattle fed a high concentrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Karapinar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey.
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Beketova NA, Vrzhesinskaia OA, Sharanova NE, Kulakova SN, Kosheleva OV, Soto SK, Karagodina ZV, Pereverzeva OG, Zhminchenko VM, Kodentsova VM, Vasil'ev AV. [Effect of dietary fats and supplementary coenzyme Q10 on vitamin provision in animals]. Vopr Pitan 2010; 79:30-37. [PMID: 21395102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The full replacement of fatty component of a diet (sunflower-seed oil and lard 1:1) on enriched with alpha-tocopherol acetate fish oil under additional coenzyme Q10 intake led to the strengthening of lipid peroxidation (LP) and to some decrease of vitamins A and E level in liver and blood serum whereas replacement by linen oil was accompanied by the expressed deterioration of these vitamins sufficiency, but didn't influence on the LP intensity. The use of palm-oil as a fatty component didn't effect on the investigated parameters. The influences of a fatty component on vitamins B1 and B2 level in rat liver and blood serum has not revealed.
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Wang XX, Hu Y, Sun YZ, Bie MJ, Sun CJ. [Simultaneous determination of five water-soluble vitamins in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2010; 41:158-161. [PMID: 20369494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 5 water-soluble vitamins including VB1, VB6, Nicotinic acid, Nicotinamide and Folic acid by high performance liquid chromatography. METHODS Methanol (200 microL) was added to 50 microL human blood sample to precipitate proteins. The sample was frozen (-18 degrees C) for 30 min, and then centrifuged at 8000 r/min for 8 min. The supernatant was subsequently applied to the solid-phase cartridge for further purification. The elute was collected and evaporated to 0.20 mL under nitrogen in a water bath at the temperature of 50 degrees C and finally 50 microL of the sample was injected onto HPLC column for analysis. The five water-soluble vitamins were determined under optimized condition of solid phase extraction and chromatograph. RESULTS The optimized condition for solid phase extraction (SPE) was identified as: AGT cleanert ODS C18 column as SPE column and CH3OH (2.4 mL)-H2O (0.6 mL) mixed liquor as eluent, with a flow rate of elution of 0.5 mL/min. The optimized chromatographic condition was identified as, Phenomenex C18 Luna column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) as analytical column under a temperature of 20 degrees C and 0.05 mol/L potassium dehydrogenates phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) and methanol as gradient elution with mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 266 nm. The correlation coefficients for the standard curves were greater than 0.999 in the range from 0 to 100 ng (RSD < 5%). The detection limits (S/N 2) ranged from 0.076 to 0.170 microg/mL. The recovery rate ranged from 80.2% to 115.0%. Except for Nicotinamide, the other four vitamins were detected successfully in the blood sample. CONCLUSION This quick and convenient method can be applied to the simultaneous determination of 4 water-soluble vitamins in human serum samples. But the sensitivity for detecting Nicotinamide needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xi Wang
- Department of Sanitary Technology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sasaki T, Yukizane T, Atsuta H, Ishikawa H, Yoshiike T, Takeuchi T, Oshima K, Yamamoto N, Kurumaji A, Nishikawa T. [A case of thiamine deficiency with psychotic symptoms--blood concentration of thiamine and response to therapy]. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi 2010; 112:97-110. [PMID: 20384190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a 63-year-old woman with thiamine deficiency who showed auditory hallucinations, a delusion of persecution, catatonic stupor, and catalepsy but no neurological symptoms including oculomotor or gait disturbance. Brain MRI did not show high-intensity T2 signals in regions including the thalami, mamillary bodies, or periaqueductal area. Her thiamine concentration was 19 ng/mL, only slightly less than the reference range of 20-50 ng/mL. Her psychosis was unresponsive to antipsychotics or electroconvulsive therapy, but was ameliorated by repetitive intravenous thiamine administrations at 100-200 mg per day. However, one month after completing intravenous treatment, her psychosis recurred, even though she was given 150 mg of thiamine per day orally and her blood concentration of thiamine was maintained at far higher than the reference range. Again, intravenous thiamine administration was necessary to ameliorate her symptoms. The present patient indicates that the possibility of thiamine deficiency should be considered in cases of psychosis without neurological disturbance and high-intensity T2 MRI lesions. Also, this case suggests that a high blood thiamine concentration does not necessarily correspond to sufficient thiamine levels in the brain. Based on this, we must reconsider the importance of a high dose of thiamine administration as a therapy for thiamine deficiency. The validity of the reference range of the thiamine concentration, 20-50 ng/mL, is critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sasaki
- Section of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School
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Alkhalaf A, Kleefstra N, Groenier KH, Bakker SJL, Navis GJ, Bilo HJG. Thiamine in diabetic nephropathy: a novel treatment modality? Diabetologia 2009; 52:1212-3; author reply 1214-6. [PMID: 19296076 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rabbani N, Alam SS, Riaz S, Larkin JR, Akhtar MW, Shafi T, Thornalley PJ. High-dose thiamine therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study. Diabetologia 2009; 52:208-12. [PMID: 19057893 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High-dose supplements of thiamine prevent the development of microalbuminuria in experimental diabetes. The aim of this pilot study was to assess whether oral supplements of thiamine could reverse microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Type 2 diabetic patients (21 male, 19 female) with microalbuminuria were recruited at the Diabetes Clinic, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and randomised to placebo and treatment arms. Randomisation was by central office in sequentially numbered opaque, sealed envelopes. Participants, caregivers and those assessing the outcomes were blinded to group assignment. Patients were given 3 x 100 mg capsules of thiamine or placebo per day for 3 months with a 2 month follow-up washout period. The primary endpoint was change in urinary albumin excretion (UAE). Other markers of renal and vascular dysfunction and plasma concentrations of thiamine were determined. RESULTS UAE was decreased in patients receiving thiamine therapy for 3 months with respect to baseline (median -17.7 mg/24 h; p < 0.001, n = 20). There was no significant decrease in UAE in patients receiving placebo after 3 months of therapy (n = 20). UAE was significantly lower in patients who had received thiamine therapy compared with those who had received placebo (30.1 vs 35.5 mg/24 h, p < 0.01) but not at baseline. UAE continued to decrease in the 2 month washout period in both groups, but not significantly. There was no effect of thiamine treatment on glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia or BP. There were no adverse effects of therapy. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In this pilot study, high-dose thiamine therapy produced a regression of UAE in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Thiamine supplements at high dose may provide improved therapy for early-stage diabetic nephropathy. TRIAL REGISTRATION CTRI (India) CTRI/2008/091/000112. FUNDING Pakistan Higher Education Commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rabbani
- Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
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Wang C, Li Y, Zhu K, Dong YM, Sun CH. Effects of supplementation with multivitamin and mineral on blood pressure and C-reactive protein in obese Chinese women with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2009; 18:121-130. [PMID: 19329405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of supplementation with multivitamin and mineral on blood pressure and C-reactive protein (CRP) in obese women with increased cardiovascular disease risk as having hypertension, hyperglycemia or hyperlipemia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 128 obese Chinese women aged 18-55 years with increased cardiovascular disease risk participated in a 26-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were randomized to four groups, and received either one tablet of high-dose multivitamin and mineral supplement (MMS), or one tablet of low-dose MMS (Low MMS), or calcium 162 mg (Calcium) or identical placebo (Placebo) daily during the study. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and serum concentrations of CRP were measured at baseline and end-trial. RESULTS At baseline, the subjects had an average age of 42.0+/-7.1 years and BMI of 30.9+/-2.8 kg/m2. There were no significant differences between the four groups in baseline characteristics. One hundred and seventeen subjects completed the study. After 26-week supplementation, both SBP and DBP were significantly lower in the MMS group compared to the placebo group (p < 0.05). There was also a non-significant trend of lower DBP at 26-week in the MMS and calcium groups compared to baseline (p < 0.08). At 26-week, the MMS group also had significantly lower serum concentrations of CRP compared with that of baseline and the placebo group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that supplementation with adequate multivitamin and mineral supplement could reduce blood pressure and serum CRP in obese women with increased cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
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