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Liu X, Zhou X, Li D, Hong B, Gao J, Zhang Z. Rose WRKY13 promotes disease protection to Botrytis by enhancing cytokinin content and reducing abscisic acid signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:679-693. [PMID: 36271872 PMCID: PMC9806554 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormones cytokinin (CK) and abscisic acid (ABA) play critical and often opposite roles during plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Rose (Rosa sp.) is an economically important ornamental crop sold as cut flowers. Rose petals are extremely susceptible to gray mold disease caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. The infection of rose petals by B. cinerea leads to tissue collapse and rot, causing severe economic losses. In this study, we showed that CK and ABA play opposite roles in the susceptibility of rose to B. cinerea. Treatment with CK enhanced the disease protection of rose petals to B. cinerea, while ABA promoted disease progression. We further demonstrated that rose flowers activate CK-mediated disease protection via a B. cinerea-induced rose transcriptional repressor, Rosa hybrida (Rh)WRKY13, which is an ortholog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), AtWRKY40. RhWRKY13 binds to promoter regions of the CK degradation gene CKX3 (RhCKX3) and the ABA-response gene ABA insensitive4 (RhABI4), leading to simultaneous inhibition of their expression in rose petals. The increased CK content and reduced ABA responses result in enhanced protection from B. cinerea. Collectively, these data reveal opposite roles for CK and ABA in the susceptibility of rose petals against B. cinerea infection, which is mediated by B. cinerea-induced RhWRKY13 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bo Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Abdelghany MMA, Kurikawa M, Watanabe M, Matsui H, Yamamoto M, Ichinose Y, Toyoda K, Kouzai Y, Noutoshi Y. Surveillance of Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani Japanese Isolates with Varied Anastomosis Groups and Subgroups on Arabidopsis thaliana. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12010076. [PMID: 35054469 PMCID: PMC8781544 DOI: 10.3390/life12010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a necrotrophic plant pathogen with a wide host range. R. solani is a species complex consisting of thirteen anastomosis groups (AGs) defined by compatibility of hyphal fusion reaction and subgroups based on cultural morphology. The relationship between such classifications and host specificity remains elusive. Here, we investigated the pathogenicity of seventeen R. solani isolates (AG-1 to 7) in Japan towards Arabidopsis thaliana using leaf and soil inoculations. The tested AGs, except AG-3 and AG-6, induced symptoms in both methods with variations in pathogenicity. The virulence levels differed even within the same AG and subgroup. Some isolates showed tissue-specific infection behavior. Thus, the AGs and their subgroups are suggested to be not enough to define the virulence (host and tissue specificity) of R. solani. We also evaluated the virulence of the isolates on Arabidopsis plants pretreated with salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. No obvious effects were detected on the symptom formation by the virulence isolates, but ethylene and salicylic acid slightly enhanced the susceptibility to the weak and nonvirulent isolates. R. solani seems to be able to overcome the induced defense by these phytohormones in the infection to Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Mohsen Ahmed Abdelghany
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, Egypt
| | - Maria Kurikawa
- Department of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hidenori Matsui
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Mikihiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiro Toyoda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Kouzai
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (M.M.A.A.); (M.W.); (H.M.); (M.Y.); (Y.I.); (K.T.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Agriculture, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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Bika R, Baysal-Gurel F, Jennings C. Botrytis cinereamanagement in ornamental production: a continuous battle. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 43:345-365. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1080/07060661.2020.1807409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bika
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, 472 Cadillac Lane, McMinnville, TN 37110, USA
| | - Fulya Baysal-Gurel
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, 472 Cadillac Lane, McMinnville, TN 37110, USA
| | - Christina Jennings
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, 472 Cadillac Lane, McMinnville, TN 37110, USA
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Techniques to Study Microbial Phytohormones. BACTERIAL METABOLITES IN SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24654-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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ELAD Y. RESPONSES OF PLANTS TO INFECTION BY BOTRYTIS CINEREA AND NOVEL MEANS INVOLVED IN REDUCING THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1997.tb00019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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van Loon LC, Geraats BPJ, Linthorst HJM. Ethylene as a modulator of disease resistance in plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2006; 11:184-91. [PMID: 16531096 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2006.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2005] [Revised: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of ethylene in the hormonal regulation of plant development has been well established. In addition, it has been implicated in biotic stress, both as a virulence factor of fungal and bacterial pathogens and as a signaling compound in disease resistance. This apparent discrepancy has stimulated research on the effects of various types of pathogens on mutant and transgenic plants that are impaired in ethylene production or perception. It has become clear that ethylene differentially affects resistance against pathogens with different lifestyles and plays an important role in mediating different types of induced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leendert C van Loon
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Section Phytopathology, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.84, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Díaz J, ten Have A, van Kan JAL. The role of ethylene and wound signaling in resistance of tomato to Botrytis cinerea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 129:1341-51. [PMID: 12114587 PMCID: PMC166527 DOI: 10.1104/pp.001453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene, jasmonate, and salicylate play important roles in plant defense responses to pathogens. To investigate the contributions of these compounds in resistance of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) to the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, three types of experiments were conducted: (a) quantitative disease assays with plants pretreated with ethylene, inhibitors of ethylene perception, or salicylate; (b) quantitative disease assays with mutants or transgenes affected in the production of or the response to either ethylene or jasmonate; and (c) expression analysis of defense-related genes before and after inoculation of plants with B. cinerea. Plants pretreated with ethylene showed a decreased susceptibility toward B. cinerea, whereas pretreatment with 1-methylcyclopropene, an inhibitor of ethylene perception, resulted in increased susceptibility. Ethylene pretreatment induced expression of several pathogenesis-related protein genes before B. cinerea infection. Proteinase inhibitor I expression was repressed by ethylene and induced by 1-methylcyclopropene. Ethylene also induced resistance in the mutant Never ripe. RNA analysis showed that Never ripe retained some ethylene sensitivity. The mutant Epinastic, constitutively activated in a subset of ethylene responses, and a transgenic line producing negligible ethylene were also tested. The results confirmed that ethylene responses are important for resistance of tomato to B. cinerea. The mutant Defenseless, impaired in jasmonate biosynthesis, showed increased susceptibility to B. cinerea. A transgenic line with reduced prosystemin expression showed similar susceptibility as Defenseless, whereas a prosystemin-overexpressing transgene was highly resistant. Ethylene and wound signaling acted independently on resistance. Salicylate and ethylene acted synergistically on defense gene expression, but antagonistically on resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Díaz
- Wageningen University Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Binnenhaven 5, P.O. Box 8025, 6700 EE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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