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Serafino A, Nicotera G, Andreola F, Giovannini D, Zonfrillo M, Sferrazza G, Calcaterra A, De Angelis C, Camponeschi C, Pierimarchi P. Synergistic antiproliferative and differentiating effect of 2,4-monofurfurylidene-tetra-O-methylsorbitol and 4,6-dimethyl-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylamino)pyrimidine on primary and immortalized keratinocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:155-167. [PMID: 30086462 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic autoinflammatory skin disease, associated with hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes, inflammation, and angiogenesis. The available treatments for psoriasis are not curative and may have numerous side effects, and topical administration is preferred over systemic therapy due to the reduced systemic burden of the drug. Thus, novel and more efficacious formulations of anti-inflammatory and/or differentiating compounds for topical application could be very useful for the disease management and for improving the quality of life of the patients. Here we evaluated the potential as anti-psoriatic of an equimolar mixture of two compounds, 2,4-Monofurfurylidene-tetra-O-methylsorbitol (Compound A) and 4,6-dimethyl-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylamino)pyrimidine (Compound B), that, used individually, are known to possess immunomodulating properties (Compound A) and keratolitic and anti-inflammatory activity (Compound B). Human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells) and primary human keratinocyte cells from adult donor (HEKa) were used as in vitro experimental models. We show that the mix A + B exhibits antiproliferative activity and induces terminal differentiation more efficiently than compounds A and B used individually. We confirm that the compound B is the active ingredient of the mixture and the mainly responsible for anti-psoriatic activity, but the mix A + B is more effective and possesses lower cytotoxicity than the compound B alone. This could be ascribable to the association with compound A, that is known to possess, in addition to the immunomodulating ability, antioxidant and antiradical action. Our results indicate that mix A + B could be a suitable candidate for a new cosmeceutical formulation for topical treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalucia Serafino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Nicotera
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Andreola
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Giovannini
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Zonfrillo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sferrazza
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcaterra
- University of Rome "La Sapienza", Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Pasquale Pierimarchi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
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Majumdar P, Pati A, Patra M, Behera RK, Behera AK. Acid hydrazides, potent reagents for synthesis of oxygen-, nitrogen-, and/or sulfur-containing heterocyclic rings. Chem Rev 2014; 114:2942-77. [PMID: 24506477 DOI: 10.1021/cr300122t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Poulomi Majumdar
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University , Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, Orissa, India
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Nematollahi D, Goodarzi H. Electroorganic synthesis of new benzofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. J Org Chem 2002; 67:5036-9. [PMID: 12098334 DOI: 10.1021/jo0200623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (1) in the presence of 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (2) and 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid (3) as nucleophiles in aqueous solution has been studied using cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential coulometry. The results indicate that 1 via Michael reaction under electro-decarboxylation reaction converts to benzofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives (6a, 6b). The electrochemical synthesis of 6a, 6b has been successfully performed in an undivided cell in good yields and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Nematollahi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bu-Ali-Sina, Hamadan, Iran.
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Nematollahi D, Goodarzi H. Electrochemical study of 4-tert-butylcatechol in the presence of 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid and 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid. Application to the electro-organic synthesis of new corresponding spiropyrimidine derivatives. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Electrochemical study of catechol and some of 3-substituted catechols in the presence of 1,3-diethyl-2-thio-barbituric acid. Application to the electro-organic synthesis of new dispirothiopyrimidine derivatives. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(01)00553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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