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Schilling OS, Nagaosa K, Schilling TU, Brennwald MS, Sohrin R, Tomonaga Y, Brunner P, Kipfer R, Kato K. Revisiting Mt Fuji's groundwater origins with helium, vanadium and environmental DNA tracers. NATURE WATER 2023; 1:60-73. [PMID: 38665803 PMCID: PMC11041693 DOI: 10.1038/s44221-022-00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Known locally as the water mountain, for millennia Japan's iconic Mt Fuji has provided safe drinking water to millions of people via a vast network of groundwater and freshwater springs. Groundwater, which is recharged at high elevations, flows down Fuji's flanks within three basaltic aquifers, ultimately forming countless pristine freshwater springs among Fuji's foothills. Here we challenge the current conceptual model of Fuji being a simple system of laminar groundwater flow with little to no vertical exchange between its three aquifers. This model contrasts strongly with Fuji's extreme tectonic instability due to its unique location on top of the only known continental trench-trench-trench triple junction, its complex geology and its unusual microbial spring water communities. On the basis of a unique combination of microbial environmental DNA, vanadium and helium tracers, we provide evidence for prevailing deep circulation and a previously unknown deep groundwater contribution to Fuji's freshwater springs. The most substantial deep groundwater upwelling has been found along Japan's most tectonically active region, the Fujikawa-kako Fault Zone. Our findings broaden the hydrogeological understanding of Fuji and demonstrate the vast potential of combining environmental DNA, on-site noble gas and trace element analyses for groundwater science.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. S. Schilling
- Hydrogeology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag–Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - K. Nagaosa
- Department of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - T. U. Schilling
- Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec Canada
| | - M. S. Brennwald
- Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag–Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - R. Sohrin
- Department of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Y. Tomonaga
- Hydrogeology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag–Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Entracers GmbH, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - P. Brunner
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - R. Kipfer
- Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag–Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics and Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K. Kato
- Department of Geosciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
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Couto CMCM, Ribeiro C, Maia A, Santos M, Tiritan ME, Ribeiro AR, Pinto E, Almeida A. Assessment of Douro and Ave River (Portugal) lower basin water quality focusing on physicochemical and trace element spatiotemporal changes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2018; 53:1056-1066. [PMID: 29985754 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1474577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Water quality of Douro and Ave lower basin was evaluated regarding physicochemical parameters (pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and temperature), nutrient compounds (nitrates, nitrites, ammonium and orthophosphates), chlorophyll a and occurrence of trace elements (Li, Be, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb, Th and U). To study spatiotemporal variations and possible anthropogenic sources, estuarine samples were collected at nine sampling sites in Douro and five in Ave distributed along the estuaries at four sampling campaigns (spring, summer, fall and winter). According to the water quality standards for aquatic life and recreation, Douro and Ave river water quality was found out of safe limits regarding several parameters. Nitrate levels were systematically high (> 50 mg L-1 in a significant number of samples) and mean levels of trace elements were higher than the established values of Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines for aquatic life protection for Al, Cu, Se, Ag, Cd and Pb in Douro and Ave, and also Zn in Ave. Significant spatial differences were found in Ave river estuary for trace elements with a clear trend for higher values from upstream to downstream found. Seasonal differences were also observed particularly in Douro river estuary with higher levels in spring for most elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M C M Couto
- a CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD , Portugal
- b LAQV / REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - C Ribeiro
- a CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD , Portugal
- c Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR) , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - A Maia
- a CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD , Portugal
| | - M Santos
- a CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD , Portugal
| | - M E Tiritan
- a CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD , Portugal
- c Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR) , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
- d Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - A R Ribeiro
- a CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra PRD , Portugal
- e Present affiliation: Laboratório de Processos de Separação e Reação - Laboratório de Catálise e Materiais (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - E Pinto
- b LAQV / REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - A Almeida
- b LAQV / REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Kyotani T, Koshimizu S. Enrichment adsorption of a labile substance to the surface of particular mineral particles in river water as investigated by SEM-EDX and dilute-acid extraction/ICP-MS. ANAL SCI 2003; 19:835-41. [PMID: 12834221 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The selective enrichment behavior of a labile substance, such as hydroxides, to the surface of particular mineral particles in river water was clarified by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDX). Individual particles other than diatom collected on a 0.45 microm filter from the Fuji and Sagami rivers, central Japan, were analyzed by SEM-EDX and classified into seventeen groups according to the chemical composition and shape. Phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, manganese and copper detected in each particle collected on the 0.45 microm filter could be successfully used as effective indicators of labile substance secondarily formed and adsorbed afresh in river water, because the detection frequencies of such elements are quite low, or negligible, in fresh mineral particles derived from igneous rocks. The labile substance adsorbed on mineral particles collected on the 0.45 microm filter was also evaluated by dilute-acid leaching, followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Almost all parts of the manganese detected in individual particles were those adsorbed afresh as hydroxides together with iron and aluminum. Also, anionic elements, such as phosphorus, sulfur and chlorine, formed complexes with the hydroxides and/or were incorporated in them. Mg and/or Ca-rich aluminosilicate groups were the most effective adsorbers of such labile species. However, Si-rich and Na-, K- and Na-Ca rich aluminosilicates did not significantly adsorb the labile substance. Consequently, the remarkable selectivity was clarified in the adsorption process of labile substance to individual mineral particles in river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kyotani
- Bio Nanotec Research Institute Inc., Mitsui & Co., Ltd. Nanotech Park, 2-1, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.
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