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Boros E, Holland JP. Chemical aspects of metal ion chelation in the synthesis and application antibody-based radiotracers. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:652-671. [PMID: 29230857 PMCID: PMC5997514 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiometals are becoming increasingly accessible and are utilized frequently in the design of radiotracers for imaging and therapy. Nuclear properties ranging from the emission of γ-rays and β+ -particles (imaging) to Auger electron and β- and α-particles (therapy) in combination with long half-lives are ideally matched with the relatively long biological half-life of monoclonal antibodies in vivo. Radiometal labeling of antibodies requires the incorporation of a metal chelate onto the monoclonal antibody. This chelate must coordinate the metal under mild conditions required for the handling of antibodies, as well as provide high kinetic, thermodynamic, and metabolic stability once the metal ion is coordinated to prevent release of the radionuclide before the target site is reached in vivo. Herein, we review the role of different radiometals that have found applications of the design of radiolabeled antibodies for imaging and radioimmunotherapy. Each radionuclide is described regarding its nuclear synthesis, coordinative preference, and radiolabeling properties with commonly used and novel chelates, as well as examples of their preclinical and clinical applications. An overview of recent trends in antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals is provided to spur continued development of the chemistry and application of radiometals for imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Boros
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, 100 Nicolls road, 11790 Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jason P. Holland
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Holland JP, Ferdani R, Anderson CJ, Lewis JS. Copper-64 Radiopharmaceuticals for Oncologic Imaging. PET Clin 2016; 4:49-67. [PMID: 27156895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The positron emitting radionuclide (64)Cu has a radioactive half-life of 12.7 hours. The decay characteristics of (64)Cu allow for PET images that are comparable in quality to those obtained using (18)F. Given the longer radioactive half-life of (64)Cu compared with (18)F and the versatility of copper chemistry, copper is an attractive alternative to the shorter-lived nuclides for PET imaging of peptides, antibodies, and small molecules that may require longer circulation times. This article discusses a number of copper radiopharmaceuticals, such as Cu-ATSM, that have been translated to the clinic and new developments in copper-based radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Holland
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Riccardo Ferdani
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Boulevard, Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carolyn J Anderson
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 South Kingshighway Boulevard, Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Holland
- Radiochemistry Service, Department of Radiology, and Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Matthew J. Williamson
- Radiochemistry Service, Department of Radiology, and Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Radiochemistry Service, Department of Radiology, and Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Motekaitis RJ, Martell AE, Koch SA, Hwang, Quarless, DA, Welch MJ. The Gallium(III) and Indium(III) Complexes of Tris(2-mercaptobenzyl)amine and Tris(2-hydroxybenzyl)amine. Inorg Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ic980227j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramunas J. Motekaitis
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, and The Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Arthur E. Martell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, and The Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Stephen A. Koch
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, and The Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, and The Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Duncan A. Quarless,
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, and The Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Michael J. Welch
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, and The Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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Connett JM, Anderson CJ, Guo LW, Schwarz SW, Zinn KR, Rogers BE, Siegel BA, Philpott GW, Welch MJ. Radioimmunotherapy with a 64Cu-labeled monoclonal antibody: a comparison with 67Cu. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:6814-8. [PMID: 8692901 PMCID: PMC39110 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.13.6814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
67Cu (t1/2 = 62 h) has demonstrated potential as a radionuclide for radioimmunotherapy, but limited availability severely restricts its widespread use. 64Cu (t1/2 = 12.8 h) has been shown to have comparable effectiveness in vitro and in vivo. The present study was undertaken to examine the therapeutic potential of 64Cu- and 67Cu-bromoacetamidobenzyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca ne-N, N',N",N"'-tetraacetic acid (BAT)-2-iminothiolane (2IT)-1A3 (1A3 is a mouse anti-human colorectal cancer mAb) for treatment of GW39 human colon carcinoma carried in hamster thighs. Hamsters were injected with 64Cu- or 67Cu-BAT-2IT-1A3 or Cu-labeled nonspecific IgG (MOPC) or saline. Hamsters were killed 6-7 months after therapy or when tumors were > or = 10 g. Of the hamsters with small tumors (mean weight 0.43 +/- 0.25 g), 87.5% were disease-free 7 months after treatment with 2 mCi (1 Ci = 37 GBq) of 64Cu-BAT-2IT-1A3 or 0.4 MCi of 67Cu-BAT-2IT-1A3. The mean tumor doses at these activities of 64Cu- and 67Cu-BAT-2IT-1A3 were 586 and 1269 rad (1 rad = 0.01 Gy), respectively. In contrast, 76% of hamsters treated with 2 mCi of 64Cu-BAT-2IT-MOPC or 0.4 mCi of 67Cu-BAT-2IT-MOPC had to be killed before 6 months because of tumor regrowth. When hamsters with larger tumors (mean weight 0.66 +/- 0.11 g) were treated with 64Cu- or 67Cu-BAT-2IT-1A3, survival was extended compared with controls, but only one animal remained tumor-free to 6 months. These results demonstrate that 64Cu- and 67Cu-BAT-2IT-1A3 given in a single administered dose can eradicate small tumors without significant host toxicity, but additional strategies to deliver higher tumor doses will be needed for larger tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Connett
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine. St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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