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Martinez B, Pechlivanoglou P, Meng D, Traubici B, Mahood Q, Korczak D, Colasanto M, Mahant S, Orkin J, Cohen E. Clinical Health Outcomes of Siblings of Children with Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr 2022; 250:83-92.e8. [PMID: 35810772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess clinical mental and physical health outcomes of siblings of children with chronic health condition(s) compared with siblings of healthy children or normative data. STUDY DESIGN We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, and CINAHL through August 9, 2021. We included English-language studies that reported clinically diagnosable mental or physical health outcomes among siblings of children (<18 years old) with a chronic health condition, included a comparison group, and used an experimental or observational study design. Two reviewers extracted data and independently assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. RESULTS Of 9899 screened studies, 34 were included; 28 studies reported on mental health, 3 reported on physical health, and 3 reported on mortality. Siblings of children with chronic conditions had greater depression rating scale scores than their comparison groups (standardized mean difference = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.38-0.68; P < .001 [6 studies]), whereas anxiety scores were not substantially increased (standardized mean difference = 0.21; 95% CI = -0.02 to 0.43; P = .07 [7 studies]). The effects for confirmed psychiatric diagnoses (7 studies), mortality (3 studies), or physical health outcomes (3 studies) could not be meta-analyzed given the limited number of studies and between-study heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Siblings of children with chronic health conditions may be at an increased risk of depression. Our findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to support the psychological well-being of siblings of children with chronic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Martinez
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Petros Pechlivanoglou
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Quenby Mahood
- Hospital Library and Archives, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daphne Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marlena Colasanto
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanjay Mahant
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Orkin
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eyal Cohen
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Vernon-Roberts A, Lopez RN, Lewindon P, Lemberg DA, Bowcock NL, Alex G, Otley A, Jacobson K, Roberts AJ, Evans HM, Gearry RB, Day AS. Assessment of Disease-related Knowledge Among Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and their Family Using IBD-KID2: Evaluating Tool Generalizability. JPGN REPORTS 2021; 2:e093. [PMID: 37205959 PMCID: PMC10191511 DOI: 10.1097/pg9.0000000000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and their families benefit from improved knowledge of their disease and treatment. Knowledge levels of individual family members are infrequently studied but may identify where education is best directed. We aimed to assess disease-specific knowledge among children with IBD, parents, and siblings, using a validated assessment tool (IBD-KID2), and to establish generalizability of IBD-KID2. Methods Children with IBD and family members were recruited from tertiary IBD clinics in New Zealand, Australia, and Canada. All participants completed IBD-KID2 online at baseline, and the children with IBD again after 2 weeks to assess reliability. Results Participants included 130 children with IBD, 118 mothers, 55 fathers, and 37 siblings. Children with IBD had a mean score of 9.1 (SD 2.9) (maximum 15 points), significantly lower than parents (P < 0.005) and higher than siblings (P < 0.005). Scores of children with IBD were positively associated with current age (P < 0.005), age at diagnosis (P = 0.04) and fathers education level (P = 0.02). Significant score correlations were seen between children with IBD and their mother (P < 0.005) but not father. Sibling scores were not correlated with either parent. Test-retest reliability was high. The cohorts from each country were comparable, and no difference in group scores was seen between countries. Conclusion IBD-KID2 is a generalizable and reliable tool for the assessment of disease and treatment knowledge for children with IBD and their families. Score correlations between parents and children with IBD suggest transfer of knowledge, but sibling knowledge is low and targeted education may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angharad Vernon-Roberts
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago (Christchurch), Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Robert N Lopez
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Lewindon
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel A Lemberg
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Nerissa L Bowcock
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - George Alex
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Otley
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amin J Roberts
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Starship Child Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen M Evans
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Starship Child Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard B Gearry
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago (Christchurch), Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew S Day
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago (Christchurch), Christchurch, New Zealand
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Collis D, Kennedy-Behr A, Kearney L. The impact of bowel and bladder problems on children's quality of life and their parents: A scoping review. Child Care Health Dev 2019; 45:1-14. [PMID: 30328126 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional bladder and bowel problems are common in children and have a serious psychological as well as physical impact. The objective of this scoping review was to synthesise evidence on the impact of such conditions both on children's quality of life (QOL) and their parents. METHODS The scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Relevant studies were identified by a comprehensive search of scientific databases. Inclusion criteria focused on children with bladder and bowel dysfunction, their QOL, and impact on parents. Studies were analysed for aims, study populations, measures, and results. RESULTS A total of 783 records were retrieved with 30 meeting the criteria. Most studies found that QOL was reduced in children with nocturnal enuresis, day bladder dysfunction, bowel dysfunction, and combined bladder and bowel dysfunction. Parents' QOL and social-emotional functioning were also negatively affected. CONCLUSIONS Functional bladder and bowel problems should be identified and treated as early as possible to minimise negative impacts on QOL of children and their carers. Future research should focus on how to best provide early and effective intervention in the most accessible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Collis
- Women's and Families Service Group, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ann Kennedy-Behr
- School of Health and Sport Science, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren Kearney
- Women's and Families Service Group, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia.,School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Schinkel MG, Chambers CT, Hayden JA, Jordan A, Dol J, Higgins KS. A scoping review on the study of siblings in pediatric pain. Can J Pain 2017; 1:199-215. [PMID: 35005355 PMCID: PMC8730589 DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2017.1399053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Sibling relationships are longstanding across an individual’s life and are influential in children’s development. The study of siblings in pediatric pain is, although in early stages, a growing field. Aims: This scoping review sought to summarize and map the type of research available examining siblings and pediatric pain to identify gaps and directions for future research. Methods: Studies were identified based on a search of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science (up to November 2016). We extracted data about study methods, the sample, outcome assessment, and the influence/relationships investigated. Results: Thirty-five studies were included. Most studies used quantitative methods (n = 28), and participants typically included children (i.e., aged 6–12; n = 24) and adolescents (i.e., aged 13–18; n = 18). The majority of studies examined siblings in the context of chronic and disease-related pain (n = 30). Though quantitative studies primarily focused on the genetic influence of pain conditions (n = 18), qualitative and mixed-methods studies typically focused on exploring the impact of siblings with and without pain on one another (n = 2) and the impact of pain on the broader dyadic relationship/functioning (n = 4). Conclusions: Sibling research in pediatric pain has been primarily focused on the biological/physical components of pain, using quantitative approaches. Conducting more studies using qualitative or mixed-methods designs, incorporating multiple assessment measures (e.g., observational, self-report) and multiple perspectives (e.g., siblings, health professionals), may provide an opportunity to gain richer and more comprehensive information regarding the experience of siblings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan G Schinkel
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Christine T Chambers
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada.,Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jill A Hayden
- Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Abbie Jordan
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Justine Dol
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada.,Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Kristen S Higgins
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
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Hartling L, Milne A, Tjosvold L, Wrightson D, Gallivan J, Newton AS. A systematic review of interventions to support siblings of children with chronic illness or disability. J Paediatr Child Health 2014; 50:E26-38. [PMID: 20598075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Chronic illness or disability in children can have a deleterious effect on the psychosocial health of well siblings. This systematic review synthesised evidence from studies evaluating sibling-oriented care aimed at improving behavioural and emotional outcomes in well siblings of children with chronic illness or disability. METHODS Twenty electronic databases were searched. Study selection, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality were performed by two independent reviewers. RESULTS Five controlled and nine uncontrolled studies were included. In higher-quality controlled trials, benefits of sibling-oriented care included reduced anxiety, improved mood and behavioural adjustment; however, these findings were not consistently demonstrated across studies. Study differences made it difficult to determine which sibling care features were most salient. CONCLUSIONS Study findings highlight the potential for enhancing emotional and behavioural outcomes in well siblings. Future evaluations need to clearly identify the intended purpose of the care (what improvements are intended) and which types of siblings are most likely to benefit. This approach may yield more consistent and clinically important results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hartling
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Stollery Children's Hospital, Patients as Partners, Division of Quality & Service Improvement, Alberta Health Services and Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Mackner LM, Greenley RN, Szigethy E, Herzer M, Deer K, Hommel KA. Psychosocial issues in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: report of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2013; 56:449-58. [PMID: 23287808 PMCID: PMC3609923 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e3182841263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can affect many areas of psychosocial functioning, and comprehensive medical care includes consideration of psychosocial issues as well as disease factors. The purpose of this clinical report is to review research on psychosocial functioning in pediatric IBD and to provide recommendations for care providers in the areas of psychopathology, health-related quality of life, and social, family, and school functioning. Youth with IBD are at increased risk for difficulty in all areas reviewed, and many psychosocial factors are associated with disease activity, which highlights the importance of monitoring psychosocial functioning as part of clinical care. Several interventions have empirical support or show promise for addressing psychosocial difficulty, and recommendations for monitoring and treating these issues are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Mackner
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Vermaes IPR, van Susante AMJ, van Bakel HJA. Psychological functioning of siblings in families of children with chronic health conditions: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr Psychol 2011; 37:166-84. [PMID: 21994420 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsr081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide an up-to-date review of the literature to enhance our understanding of how chronic health conditions (CHCs) affect siblings, both positively and negatively. METHODS PsycINFO and Medline were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) peer-reviewed, empirical research report; (b) sample n ≥ 10; and (c) reports statistics on siblings' internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and/or positive self-attributes. RESULTS Overall, there was a significant small negative effect of CHCs on siblings (d(+) = -.10). Siblings of children with CHCs had more internalizing problems (d(+) = .17), more externalizing problems (d(+) = .08), and less positive self-attributes (d(+) = -.09) than comparisons. Older siblings and siblings of children with life-threatening and/or highly intrusive CHCs were more at risk for psychological problems. CONCLUSIONS This study identified several mechanisms through which CHCs affect siblings. Future research should focus on parent-child dynamics and the longitudinal development of positive self-attributes and internalizing problems as well as on identifying what works in services for siblings of children with CHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignace P R Vermaes
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Mood disorders in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs 2009; 24:13-25. [PMID: 19159832 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Childhood mood disorders such as major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder have been found to be highly prevalent among children and adolescents. The emotional and behavioral dysfunction associated with these mood disorders can cause impairments across areas of functioning, including academic and social arenas. This article reviews the course, possible causes, assessment, and treatment of this group of disorders in youth and concludes by examining the implications for nurses and other health care providers of youth with mood disorders.
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9
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Guite JW, Lobato DJ, Shalon L, Plante W, Kao BT. Pain, disability, and symptoms among siblings of children with functional abdominal pain. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2007; 28:2-8. [PMID: 17353724 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0b013e3180307c26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine reports of pain, disability, and somatic and psychological symptoms among siblings of children with functional abdominal pain (FAP) and siblings of "healthy" comparison children. METHODS This survey study explored two groups of participants (FAP and healthy) consisting of (1) children with FAP and their siblings and parents and (2) healthy comparison children and their siblings, and parents. Participants included 13 FAP families and 10 healthy comparison families. Siblings and children were between 8 and 14 years of age. Measures included the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Abdominal Pain Index, Children's Somatization Inventory, Functional Disability Inventory, and Family Inventory of Life Events. Cross-sectional data were analyzed using correlations and analysis of variance techniques. RESULTS Siblings of children with FAP reported significantly greater mean levels of emotional/ behavioral symptoms than siblings of healthy comparison children. No significant between-group differences were identified in FAP and healthy comparison parents' reports of siblings' pain or emotional/behavioral symptoms. There were significantly more persons with pain problems living in the homes of FAP families. Among FAP families, a greater number of parent-reported family stressful life events was significantly associated with sibling functional disability and somatic symptoms. CONCLUSION This investigation suggests that siblings of children with FAP experience more emotional/behavioral symptoms than peers and that their symptoms are not readily identified by parents. These findings highlight the importance of considering the psychological functioning of "unaffected" siblings and family stressors when children present with recurrent pain complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W Guite
- Departments of Child and Family Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children's Hospital and Brown Medical School, Providence, RI, USA.
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Richardson G, Griffiths AM, Miller V, Thomas AG. Quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-cultural comparison of English and Canadian children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2001; 32:573-8. [PMID: 11429519 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-200105000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Any disease and its treatment has an important impact on health-related quality of life for affected individuals. There have been few previous studies on the quality of life for children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS A cross-cultural comparison was performed to determine whether the concerns of children with IBD in the United Kingdom are ranked similarly to those of children with IBD in Canada. An item reduction questionnaire, developed from interviews with Canadian children with IBD, was scored by 53 British children with IBD for importance and frequency, as a questionnaire had been scored previously by 117 Canadian children. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between the mean scores (r = 0.831, P < 0.001) and ranks (r = 0.801, P < 0.001) for the 96 questions, and 43 of the 50 highest-ranking concerns corresponded for both populations. Confidence interval analysis showed a significant difference between the mean values for 21 of the 96 items; 20 of these 21 were ranked higher in the United Kingdom than they had been in Canada, suggesting that the frequency and/or degree of concern was greater for the British children with IBD. CONCLUSIONS Health-related concerns of British children with Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis correlate closely with those of Canadian children with those diseases. Further studies are needed to determine the sensitivity of individual questions, the most appropriate wording of these questions, and the optimal length for a proposed instrument to assess quality of life in children with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Richardson
- Booth Hall Children's Hospital, Charlestown Road, Blackley, Manchester M9 7AA, U.K
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Akobeng AK, Miller V, Firth D, Suresh-Babu MV, Mir P, Thomas AG. Quality of life of parents and siblings of children with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 28:S40-2. [PMID: 10204524 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-199904001-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few investigators have reported on the quality of life of family members of children with inflammatory bowel disease. Psychological symptoms have been reported in parents and siblings, but the problems that which give rise to these symptoms are seldom examined. In this pilot study, some of the issues that affect the quality of life of parents and siblings of children with inflammatory bowel disease were examined. METHODS Focus group meetings were held separately with 20 parents and 7 siblings of children with inflammatory bowel disease. The participants were encouraged to identify voluntarily problems related to the disease that affected their lives, and the discussions were tape recorded. Each participant subsequently wrote down the three most important concerns. RESULTS Thirteen (65%) parents were very concerned about the effect of the disease on the child's future jobs, marriage, independence) and 11 (55%) were worried about problems the ill child was encountering at school. Other issues of most concern to parents included side effects of medication (n = 7), limited job prospects (n = 3), persistent feelings of guilt (n = 3), and restricted family lifestyle (n = 1 ). Most siblings (57%) were concerned about their parents' keeping information about the illness from them, and three (43%) of them were also concerned about others bullying the ill child at school. Other issues of concern to siblings included fear about the disease and treatment (n = 3), parents overprotecting the ill child, and feelings of jealousy (n = 1). CONCLUSION Families of children with inflammatory bowel disease experience many problems that may affect their quality of life. Resources should be made available to help families with these concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Akobeng
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Booth Hall Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdon
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12
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Abstract
Over forty studies published between 1970 and 1995 are reviewed to identify the extent and nature of risks to siblings of chronically ill children, and the factors that may increase or lower the risks. A considerable amount of research is available in this area within the Untied States, but is relatively understudied elsewhere. About 60% of the studies reported an increase in sibling risk, while 30% reported no risk; and 10% had positive and negative outcomes. Interventions need to focus on the entire family system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Williams
- University of Kansas School of Nursing, Kansas City 66160-7502, USA
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13
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Engström I. Parental distress and social interaction in families with children with inflammatory bowel disease. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1991; 30:904-12. [PMID: 1757439 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199111000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Twenty families who had children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and 20 comparison families with healthy children were studied concerning parental distress and social interaction. The mothers in the IBD group scored very high on parental distress, whereas the fathers did not differ from the comparison group. Both parents in the IBD group reported significantly lower scores on a social support scale. The dimension of social integration was normal, but deeper relations and attachment were negatively affected among parents in the IBD group. The mental health of the children with IBD correlated with the social support, especially the qualitative aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Engström
- Department of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Engström I. Family interaction and locus of control in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1991; 30:913-20. [PMID: 1757440 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199111000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study showed that children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) had a more external locus of control than did matched diabetic and healthy children. An external locus of control correlated with severity of physical illness and presence of psychiatric disorders. It also correlated significantly with family dysfunction, which was found to be more common in the IBD group than in the groups compared. Tendencies toward a tense and negative family climate were observed in the IBD families. Awareness of the interaction between physical and psychosocial factors in IBD is essential in the management of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Engström
- Department of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Sweden
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