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RIEHM JOHNP, RAO KRANGA. Synthesis and assay of tyrosinated analogs of a crustacean pigment-dispersing neuropeptide hormone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1987.tb02268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Granato FC, Tironi TS, Maciel FE, Rosa CE, Vargas MA, Nery LEM. Circadian rhythm of pigment migration induced by chromatrophorotropins in melanophores of the crab Chasmagnathus granulata. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2005; 138:313-9. [PMID: 15313485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2003] [Revised: 04/22/2004] [Accepted: 04/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm of black pigment migration of melanophores of the crab Chasmagnathus granulata and the variation in responsiveness of these cells to pigment-dispersing hormone (beta-PDH), crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), and red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH) were investigated. Melanophores of C. granulata possess an endogenous circadian rhythm of pigment migration, with black pigments staying more dispersed during the day period and more aggregated during the night period. This rhythm seems to be largely dependent on an endogenous release of neurohormones from eyestalks, and to a lesser extent on a primary response to illumination. beta-PDH was the most potent PDH isoform to induce pigment dispersion in both in vivo (EC50 = 0.4 pmol/animal) and in vitro (EC50 = 0.18 microM) assays. CCAP also induced pigment dispersion in vivo and in vitro assays (EC50 = 12 microM), but it was less potent than beta-PDH. In vivo, RPCH induced a low and nondose-dependent pigment aggregation, while in vitro, it had no effect on pigment migration. The responsiveness of melanophores of C. granulata to beta-PDH was significantly higher during the day period when compared to the night period in both assays, in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that the endogenous circadian rhythm of black pigment migration is dependent on both endogenous circadian rhythm of beta-PDH synthesis and/or release from eyestalks and on an endogenous rhythm of responsiveness of melanophores to beta-PDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Cristina Granato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia Animal Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96201-900 Brazil
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Yang WJ, Aida K, Nagasawa H. Characterization of chromatophorotropic neuropeptides from the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1999; 114:415-24. [PMID: 10336829 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1999.7266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three chromatophorotropic neuropeptide hormones were purified from an aqueous extract of the sinus glands of the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus by two steps of reverse-phase HPLC and their amino acid sequences determined. One of them was found to show pigment concentrating activity and to have an amino acid sequence identical with that of the known red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH), and therefore it was named Pej-RPCH. The other two peptides showed pigment dispersing hormone (PDH) activity and were named Pej-PDH-I and -II. They both consisted of 18 amino acid residues with a free amino-terminus and an amidated carboxyl-terminus, the sequences of Pej-PDH-I and -II being NSELINSLLGIPKVMTDAamide and NSELINSLLGLPKFMIDAamide, respectively. Three amino acid residues at positions 11, 14, and 16 differed between the two PDHs. Pej-PDH-II was about 5-, 7-, and 10-fold more potent than Pej-PDH-I for erythrophores, xanthophores, and melanophores, respectively. The major reason for the difference in potency between the two PDHs was attributed to differences in residues at position 16. In addition, they were found to be produced by a single individual. The order of sensitivity of the four types of chromatophores to Pej-RPCH and both PDHs was found to be erythrophores = xanthophores > melanophores > leukophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Yang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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Nässel DR, Shiga S, Mohrherr CJ, Rao KR. Pigment-dispersing hormone-like peptide in the nervous system of the flies Phormia and Drosophila: immunocytochemistry and partial characterization. J Comp Neurol 1993; 331:183-98. [PMID: 8509499 DOI: 10.1002/cne.903310204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
beta-pigment-dispersing hormone (beta-PDH) isolated from the fiddler crab (Rao et al., '85) is a member of an octadecapeptide family of neuropeptides common to arthropods. Whereas earlier studies of these peptides in insects were limited to orthopterans, this investigation focuses on dipteran flies. Extracts of heads from the blowfly Phormia terraenovae were assessed in a fiddler crab bioassay for PDH activity. Immunocytochemistry, dose-response curves, gel filtration chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC, combined with bioassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indicate the presence of PDH-like peptide in the blowfly. Immunocytochemical mapping of PDH-like immunoreactive (PDHLI) neurons was performed for the entire nervous systems of Phormia and the fruitfly Drosophila with a beta-PDH antiserum. In the cephalic ganglion (brain, optic lobe and subesophageal ganglion) PDHLI cell bodies could be detected (34 in Phormia and 16 in Drosophila). In both species, each hemisphere contains 8 PDHLI cell bodies in the optic lobes. These innervate the optic lobe neuropils bilaterally. In Phormia, another set of 8 cell bodies are located in each of the lateral neurosecretory cell groups in the superior protocerebrum. These neurons send axons to the corpora cardiaca-hypocerebral ganglion complex and to portions of the foregut. In contrast, only the optic lobe neurons display immunoreactivity in Drosophila. Except for the optic lobes, PDHLI processes are distributed only in nonglomerular neurophils of the brain of both species. In the fused thoracico-abdominal ganglia of Phormia, 28 PDHLI cell bodies were found (only six were found in Drosophila). In both species, six abdominal PDHLI neurons are efferents with axons innervating the hindgut. We also found that some of the PDHLI neurons in the Phormia brain and abdominal ganglion contain colocalized FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity. Since the flies studied here do not display hormonally controlled, fast pigment migrations, the PDH-like peptide may have a role as neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system, especially in the visual system, and a regulatory role in the stomatogastric system and the hind-gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Sweden
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Nässel DR, Shiga S, Wikstrand EM, Rao KR. Pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neurons and their relation to serotonergic neurons in the blowfly and cockroach visual system. Cell Tissue Res 1991; 266:511-23. [PMID: 1811881 DOI: 10.1007/bf00318593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) family of neuropeptides comprises a series of closely related octadecapeptides, isolated from different species of crustaceans and insects, which can be demonstrated immunocytochemically in neurons in the central nervous system and optic lobes of some representatives of these groups (Rao and Riehm 1989). In this investigation we have extended these immunocytochemical studies to include the blowfly Phormia terraenovae and the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. In the former species tissue extracts were also tested in a bioassay: extracts of blowfly brains exhibited PDH-like biological activity, causing melanophore pigment dispersion in destalked (eyestalkless) specimens of the fiddler crab Uca pugilator. using standard immunocytochemical techniques, we could demonstrate a small number of pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive (PDH-IR) neurons innervating optic lobe neuropil in the blowfly and the cockroadh. In the blowfly the cell bodies of these neurons are located at the anterior base of the medulla. At least eight PDH-IR cell bodies of two size classes can be distinguished: 4 larger and 4 smaller. Branching immunoreactive fibers invade three layers in the medulla neuropil, and one stratum distal and one proximal to the lamina synaptic layer. A few fibers can also be seen invading the basal lobula and the lobula plate. The fibers distal to the lamina appear to be derived from two of the large PDH-IR cell bodies which also send processes into the medulla. These neurons share many features in their lamina-medulla morphology with the serotonin immunoreactive neurons LBO-5HT described earlier (see Nässel 1988). It could be demonstrated by immunocytochemical double labeling that the serotonin and PDH immunoreactivities are located in two separate sets of neurons. In the cockroach optic lobe PDH-IR processes were found to invade the lamina synaptic region and form a diffuse distribution in the medulla. The numerous cell bodies of the lamina-medulla cells in the cockroach are located basal to the lamina in two clusters. Additional PDH-IR cell bodies could be found at the anterior base of the medulla. The distribution and morphology of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the cockroach lamina was found to be very similar to the PDH-IR ones. It is hence tempting to speculate that in both species the PDH- and serotonin-immunoreactive neurons are functionally coupled with common follower neurons. These neurons may be candidates for regulating large numbers of units in the visual system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Sweden
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McCallum ML, Rao KR, Riehm JP, Mohrherr CJ, Morgan WT. Primary structure and relative potency of an analog of beta-PDH (pigment-dispersing hormone) from the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. PIGMENT CELL RESEARCH 1991; 4:201-8. [PMID: 1823925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1991.tb00441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) from eyestalks of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii was purified by gel filtration, cation-exchange chromatography, partition chromatography, and reversed-phase HPLC. Based on automated sequencing and by the identical chromatographic behavior of the native PDH and the synthetic amidated form of the deduced sequence, the primary structure of Procambarus PDH has been established as: Asn-Ser-Glu-Leu-Ile-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Gly-Leu-Pro-Lys-Val-Met-Asn-Glu-Ala- NH2. This peptide differs from beta-PDH of the fiddler crab Uca pugilator at a single position, Glu17 in place of Asp17. Because of this substitution, Procambarus PDH was 4 to 7-fold less potent than beta-PDH in causing pigment dispersion in the erythrophores, leucophores, and melanophores of Uca. In contrast, Procambarus PDH was 4-fold more potent than beta-PDH in eliciting pigment dispersion in the erythrophores of Procambarus. These peptides displayed less marked differences in potency in triggering leucophore pigment dispersion and light-adaptational distal eye pigment movement in Procambarus. These findings indicate that the structural requirements for PDH-receptor interactions vary with the species and with the target cell type within a given species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L McCallum
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola 32514-5751
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Britto AL, Castrucci AM, Visconti MA, Josefsson L. Quantitative in vitro assay for crustacean chromatophorotropins and other pigment cell agonists. PIGMENT CELL RESEARCH 1990; 3:28-32. [PMID: 2115999 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1990.tb00258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro crustacean (freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium potiuna) erythrophore bioassay for chromatophorotropins and other pigment cell agonists is described. The present assay is a quantitative method that determines the pigment responses with the aid of an ocular micrometer. The pigment granules within the erythrophores are dispersed out into the dendritic processes of the cells when the isolated carapace is placed in physiological solution. This bioassay provides, therefore, a method for measuring the response of the pigment cells to aggregating agents such as pigment concentrating hormone (PCH). This bioassay is sensitive to PCH at a concentration as low as 3 x 10(-12) M. Calcium ionophore A23187 mimics the actions of PCH, but, unlike the hormone, the ionophore-induced pigment aggregation is irreversible after physiological solution rinses. Therefore, chromatophorotropic activities of pigment dispersing agents, such as pigment dispersing hormones (PDH), can be determined on ionophore-treated erythrophores. The potencies of alpha-PDH and beta-PDH show a threefold difference (not significant). Because of its convenience and its ability to make an objective determination of the bidirectional pigment movements within erythrophores, this bioassay is a suitable method for further structure-activity studies of the various chromatophorotropins and their analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Britto
- Departamento de Fisiologia Geral, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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HINTZ MARYF, RIEHM JOHNP, RAO KRANGA. Synthesis and assay of structural intermediates of crustacean pigment-dispersing hormones (α and β-PDH). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 1989. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.1989.9672069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jaffe H, Raina AK, Fraser BA, Keim P, Rao KR, Zhang YS, Lancaster JL, Hayes DK. Isolation of two neuropeptides in the AKH/RPCH-family from horseflies (Diptera). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 151:656-63. [PMID: 3348800 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two neuropeptides (DCCI and DCCII) in the adipokinetic/red pigment concentrating hormone-family have been isolated and purified from the corpora cardiaca of horseflies (Diptera : Tabanidae). Both peptides were purified by a sequence of three reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatographic steps. Amino acid analysis of the purified peptides indicated the following composition for DCCI: Glx(l), Gly(1), Leu(1), Phe(1), Pro(1), Thr(2) and for DCCII: Glx(1), Gly(2), Leu(1), Phe(1), Pro(1), Thr(2), and Tyr(1). Photodiode array ultraviolet spectroscopy indicated the presence of tryptophan in both DCCI and II. Both DCCI and II had red pigment concentrating hormone activity in the crab, Uca pugilator.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jaffe
- Agricultural Environmental Quality Institute U.S. Department of Agriculture Beltsville, Maryland 20705
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Jorenby WH, Riehm JP, Rao KR. Position 3 analogues of a crustacean pigment-dispersing hormone: synthesis and biological activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 143:652-7. [PMID: 3566741 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)91403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to explain the difference in potencies between the two characterized crustacean pigment-dispersing hormones (alpha-PDH; beta-PDH) and to define a role for residue 3 in these octadecapeptide hormones, we have synthesized and purified seven position 3 alpha-PDH analogues ([Ala3], [Ile3], [Asn3], [Gln3], [Asp3], [Glu3], and [Lys3]alpha-PDH). When tested for melanophore pigment-dispersing activity in destalked Uca, [Glu3]alpha-PDH was found to be 325% more potent than alpha-PDH. Reduced potencies were observed for the [Asp3] (58%), [Asn3] (26%), [Gln3] (11%), and [Ala3] (8%) derivatives. Much lower potencies were displayed by the [Lys3] and [Ile3] analogues (0.73% and 0.66%, respectively). These results suggest that the position 3 side chain carboxylate anion of [Glu3]alpha-PDH stabilizes the active receptor-bound conformer through a charge-charge interaction.
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Rao K, Mohrherr C, Riehm J, Zahnow C, Norton S, Johnson L, Tarr G. Primary structure of an analog of crustacean pigment-dispersing hormone from the lubber grasshopper Romalea microptera. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Riehm JP, Rao KR, Semmes OJ, Jorenby WH, Hintz MF, Zahnow CA. C-terminal deletion analogs of a crustacean pigment-dispersing hormone. Peptides 1985; 6:1051-6. [PMID: 3841733 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(85)90427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the effect of deamidation and C-terminal truncation on the potency of an octadecapeptide pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH: Asn-Ser-Gly-Met-Ile-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ile-Pro-Arg-Val-Met-Thr-Glu-Ala- NH2), first described as light-adapting distal retinal pigment hormone (DRPH) from Pandalus borealis. Bioassay of synthetic analogs for melanophore pigment dispersion in destalked fiddler crabs (Uca pugilator) showed that deamidation causes a 300-fold decrease in potency. The analogs 1-17 NH2 and 1-16 NH2 were about 3 times more potent than 1-18-OH. Further truncation led to decreases in potency, with the peptide 1-9-NH2 being the smallest C-terminal deletion analog to display activity (0.001% potency). Smaller analogs (1-8-NH2, 1-6-NH2 and 1-4-NH2) were inactive when tested in doses as high as 500 nmoles/crab. On the basis of our earlier work on N-terminal deletion analogs and the present findings the residues 6 to 9 seem to be important for PDH action.
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Semmes OJ, Riehm JP, Rao KR. Substitution of norleucine for methionine residues in a crustacean pigment-dispersing hormone. Peptides 1985; 6:491-4. [PMID: 3840888 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(85)90115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the structural/functional roles of Met residues in an octadecapeptide pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH: Asn-Ser-Gly-Met-Ile-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ile-Pro-Arg-Val-Met-Thr-Glu-Ala- NH2), first described as light-adapting distal retinal pigment hormone (DRPH) from Pandalus, three analogs were synthesized: Nle4-PDH, Nle15-PDH, and Nle4,15-PDH. When tested for melanophore pigment-dispersing activity in destalked Uca, all three Nle-analogs were more potent than unsubstituted PDH. Performic acid oxidation caused a marked loss of potency of PDH, Nle4-PDH, and Nle15-PDH. The analog Nle4,15-PDH was resistant to oxidation and displayed 6-fold higher potency than PDH. Thus Met4 and Met15 are not essential for the PDH activity. The oxidation-induced loss of activity of unsubstituted PDH may result from introduction of oxygen (in methionine sulfone) and a consequent conformational change in the octadecapeptide.
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Greenberg MJ, Rao KR, Lehman HK, Price DA, Doble KE. Cross-phyletic bioactivity of arthropod neurohormones and molluscan ganglion extracts: evidence of an extended peptide family. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1985; 233:337-46. [PMID: 3882880 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402330302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Two structurally related arthropod neuropeptides, red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH) and adipokinetic hormone (AKH), are potent excitors of the heart of the clam Mercenaria mercenaria. The response is bimodal: whereas the threshold for affected hearts is 1-3 X 10(-9) M, about 40% of the preparations are virtually unresponsive. Aqueous extracts of Mercenaria ganglia contain a substance which concentrates the red pigment in the erythrophores of intact destalked Uca pugilator and even of its isolated legs. This substance is retained on Sephadex G-15 and co-elutes with synthetic shrimp RPCH. The active fractions also concentrate the erythrophores and the leucophores of destalked shrimp (Penaeus). Neither dopamine nor the molluscan neuropeptide FMRFamide had any chromatophorotropic effect in these assays. The activity of the ganglion extracts was abolished by digestion with chymotrypsin. In conclusion, molluscan ganglion extracts contain a peptide factor, possibly an analog of RPCH, that concentrates the pigments of crustacean chromatophores by a direct action on the cells.
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Herreid CF, Mooney SM. Color change in exercising crabs: evidence for a hormone. J Comp Physiol B 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00684147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Staub GC, Fingerman M. A mechanism of action for the inhibition of black pigment dispersion in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, by naphthalene. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C, COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 1984; 79:447-53. [PMID: 6151480 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(84)90229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene, inhibits the circadian dispersion of epidermal black pigment in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, by inhibiting the release of black pigment dispersing hormone. Naphthalene caused no permanent neural damage in Uca pugilator. Naphthalene did not cause a chemically-induced phase shift in the circadian rhythm of black pigment dispersion but reduced the daytime peak of that dispersion. Black pigment concentration, which occurs at night, was not affected by exposure to naphthalene. Black pigment dispersing hormone in naphthalene-exposed crabs can be released by an injection of norepinephrine. Given the points above, and previously published data, it is concluded that naphthalene inhibits circadian black pigment dispersion in Uca pugilator by inhibiting the release of the neurotransmitter, norepinephrine.
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Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of N-terminal sequence deletion and of chemical modifications on the melanophore pigment dispersing activity of a crustacean neuropeptide (DRPH: Asn-Ser-Gly-Met-Ile-Asn-Ser-Ile-Leu-Gly-Ile-Pro-Arg-Val-Met-Thr-Glu-Ala-NH2). Sustained biological activity was not demonstrated by peptides smaller than the tridecapeptide DRPH (6-18). N-terminal extension of this peptide led to a steady increase in activity, with the DRPH (1-18) showing the maximum activity. Carboxyl group modification had no effect, but acetylation, oxidation, cyanogen bromide, and trypsin caused a decrease in activity. Phenylglyoxal modification of Arg-13 in DRPH led to a 14-fold increase in activity. It is concluded that the N-terminus and the methionine residues are important for full activity and that the phenylglyoxal-induced potentiation is due to protection of the peptide from proteolysis in vivo.
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Dores RM, Herman WS. Insect chromatophorotropic factors: the isolation of polypeptides from Periplaneta americana and Apis mellifera with melanophore-dispersing activity in the crustacean, Uca pugilator. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1981; 43:76-84. [PMID: 7215775 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(81)90034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Quackenbush L. Studies on the mechanism of action of a pigment dispersing chromatophorotropin in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(81)90366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Fingerman M, Fingerman SW. Antagonistic actions of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine on color changes in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C: COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY 1977; 58:121-7. [PMID: 23924 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4492(77)90091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fingerman SW, Fingerman M. Circadian variation in the levels of red pigment-dispersing hormone and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the eyestalks of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. C: COMPARATIVE PHARMACOLOGY 1977; 56:5-8. [PMID: 11954 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4492(77)90040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Evidence for a substance in the eyestalks of brachyurans that darkens the shrimpCrangon septemspinosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(72)90466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Comparison of the melanin-dispersing fractions in extracts prepared initially in ethanol, saline or distilled water from eyestalks of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(71)90095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rao KR, Fingerman M. Action of biogenic amines on crustacean chromatophores. II. Analysis of the responses of erythrophores in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, to indolealkylamines and an eyestalk hormone. COMPARATIVE AND GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1970; 1:117-26. [PMID: 5317389 DOI: 10.1016/0010-4035(70)90016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Rao KR, Fingerman M. Chromatophorotropic activity of extracts of radial nerves from the starfish, Asterias amurensis. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1970. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00298523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rao KR, Fingerman M. The influence of size on the response of melanophores in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, to eyestalk extracts. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1969. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00298044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ranga Rao K. The effects of temperature on the responses of chromatophores in the crab, Ocypode macrocera. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1969. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00298131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Rao KR, Bartell CK, Fingerman M. Solubility and stability properties of the melanin-dispersing substances from the eyestalks of the fiddler crab,Uca pugilator. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1968. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00737091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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