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Natural Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta Inhibitors: Safe Therapeutic Options for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:719-23. [PMID: 26717321 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and debilitating condition classified as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. IBD usually happens as result of immune dysfunction in the intestinal mucosa resulting in epithelial barrier dysfunction, which leads to exposure of the mucosal immune system to luminal antigenic material. This results in activation of inflammation, which is our bodies natural defense system; however, chronic inflammation leads to barrier dysfunction, which triggers a cycle of inflammation and further barrier dysfunction. This barrier breakdown results in the uncontrolled progression of IBD throughout the intestine. Despite the therapeutic advances made over the last decade, the current first line of treatment of IBD is limited to immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory drugs, which need to be taken regularly and have significant side effects to the patients. Prolonged inflammation may increase the risk of intestinal malignancy. The role of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) has been established in the regulation of innate immunity and inflammation. NF-κβ has also shown to be involved in critical events linking inflammation and cancer development. Recent investigations suggest that the NF-κβ signaling cascade may be the central mediator of gastrointestinal inflammation in IBD and malignancies including esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. In this review, the therapeutic potential of natural NF-κβ inhibitors as safe therapeutic options for the treatment of IBD will be discussed.
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Hwang JW, Lee SJ, Kim YS, Kim EK, Ahn CB, Jeon YJ, Moon SH, Jeon BT, Park PJ. Purification and characterization of a novel peptide with inhibitory effects on colitis induced mice by dextran sulfate sodium from enzymatic hydrolysates of Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:993-999. [PMID: 22960100 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory activity of purified peptides from Crassostrea gigas (C. gigas) hydrolysates was studied. To prepare hydrolysates from C. gigas, we used eight different proteinases and the anti-inflammatory activities were determined using a nitric oxide (NO) assay in RAW264.7 cells. Among the hydrolysates, Protamex hydrolysates showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity. We separated and purified the total hydrolysate using an ultrafiltration membrane system and consecutive chromatographic methods. Finally, we obtained a peptide with the following sequence: Gln-Cys-Gln-Cys-Ala-Val-Glu-Gly-Gly-Leu at N-terminal position. The anti-inflammatory peptide purified from C. gigas inhibited NO production by 72.2% compared to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated group. In addition, the Protamex hydrolysates from C. gigas showed decreased serum IgE levels and increased spleen CD4(+)/CD8(+) levels on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. These results suggest the peptide and hydrolysate from C. gigas possess potent anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
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Paiotti APR, Ribeiro DA, Silva RM, Marchi P, Oshima CTF, Neto RA, Miszputen SJ, Franco M. Effect of COX-2 inhibitor lumiracoxib and the TNF-α antagonist etanercept on TNBS-induced colitis in Wistar rats. J Mol Histol 2012; 43:307-17. [PMID: 22426941 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-012-9400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with gut barrier dysfunction. Besides the baseline barrier defect, a subgroup of patients also expresses an intestinal barrier hyperresponsiveness to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. On the other hand, the anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) treatment has brought benefits to these patients. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of lumiracoxib, a selective-cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, and Etanercept (ETC), a TNF-α antagonist on the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis. A total of 47 Wistar rats were randomized into seven groups, as follows: (1) Sham: sham induced-colitis; (2) TNBS: nontreated induced-colitis; (3) Lumiracoxib control; (4) Lumiracoxib-treated induced-colitis; (5) ETC control; (6) ETC-treated induced-colitis; (7) Lumiracoxib-ETC-treated induced-colitis. Rats from groups 6 and 7 presented significant improvement of macroscopic and histopathological damages in the distal colon. The gene expression of COX-2 mRNA, as well of TNF-α mRNA, decreased significantly in groups 6 and 7 compared to the TNBS nontreated and lumiracoxib-treated groups. The treatment only with lumiracoxib did not reduce the inflammation on TNBS-induced experimental colitis. ETC attenuated the damage seen in the colon and reduced the inflammation caused by TNBS. Our results suggest that down-regulation of TNF-α and COX-2 resulted in a decrease in inflammation caused by TNBS and thus provided some protection from the colonic damage caused by TNBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Ribeiro Paiotti
- Department of Pathology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Paiotti APR, Miszputen SJ, Oshima CTF, Artigiani Neto R, Ribeiro DA, Franco M. Etanercept attenuates TNBS-induced experimental colitis: role of TNF-α expression. J Mol Histol 2011; 42:443-50. [PMID: 21863329 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-011-9349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with gut barrier dysfunction. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays an important role into the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases because its expression is increased in inflamed mucosa of CD patients. Anti-TNF therapy improves significantly mucosal inflammation. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Etanercept (ETC), a tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) antagonist on the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis. A total of 18 Wistar rats were randomized into four groups, as follows: (1) Sham: sham induced-colitis; (2) TNBS: non-treated induced-colitis; (3) ETC control; (4) ETC-treated induced-colitis. Rats from group 4 presented significant improvement either of macroscopic or of histopathological damage in the distal colon. The gene expression of TNF-α mRNA, decreased significantly in this group compared to the TNBS non-treated group. The treatment with etanercept attenuated the colonic damages and reduced the inflammation caused by TNBS. Taken together, our results suggest that ETC attenuates intestinal colitis induced by TNBS in Wistar rats by TNF-α downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Ribeiro Paiotti
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Paiotti APR, Miszputen SJ, Oshima CTF, de Oliveira Costa H, Ribeiro DA, Franco M. Effect of COX-2 inhibitor after TNBS-induced colitis in Wistar rats. J Mol Histol 2009; 40:317-24. [PMID: 19941098 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-009-9243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by alternating periods of remission and active intestinal inflammation. Some studies suggest that antiinflammatory drugs are a promising alternative for treatment of the disease. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of lumiracoxib, a selective-cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis. Wistar rats (n = 25) were randomized into four groups, as follows: Group (1) Sham group: sham induced-colitis rats; Group (2) TNBS group: nontreated induced-colitis rats; Group (3) Lumiracoxib control group; and Group (4) Lumiracoxib-treated induced-colitis rats. Our results showed that rats from groups 2 and 4 presented similar histopathological damage and macroscopic injury in the distal colon as depicted by significant statistically differences (P < 0.01; P < 0.05) compared to the other two groups. Weak expression of COX-2 mRNA was detected in normal colon cells, while higher levels of COX-2 mRNA were detected in group 2 and group 4. Therapy with lumiracoxib reduced COX-2 expression by 20-30%, but it was still higher and statistically significant compared to data obtained from the lumiracoxib control group. Treatment with the selective COX-2 inhibitor lumiracoxib did not reduce inflammation-associated colonic injury in TNBS-induced experimental colitis. Thus, the use of COX-2 inhibitors for treating IBD should be considered with caution and warrants further experimental investigation to elucidate their applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Ribeiro Paiotti
- Department of Pathology, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil.
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Reuter BK, Pizarro TT. Mechanisms of tight junction dysregulation in the SAMP1/YitFc model of Crohn's disease-like ileitis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1165:301-7. [PMID: 19538320 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To date, the precise etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains largely unknown; however, it is well accepted that IBD results from a dysregulated mucosal immune response to environmental factors in genetically susceptible hosts. The primary defect, in at least a subpopulation of IBD patients, may be due to abnormal intestinal epithelial barrier function. The SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mouse strain is a spontaneous model of IBD, closely resembling Crohn's disease for its histologic features and localization to the terminal ileum. Dysregulated epithelial barrier function that precedes histologic evidence of ileitis has been reported to be the primary defect in SAMP mice. Data suggest that barrier dysfunction occurs in the absence of commensal bacteria and is accompanied by aberrant expression of the tight junction proteins claudin-2 and occludin. Further investigation is needed to define the precise role of the intestinal epithelium, as well as the apical junctional complex and its associated proteins, in the pathogenesis of IBD in order to determine the etiology and aid in the development of novel treatment modalities for these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Reuter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Gibson
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Gibson PR, van de Pol E, Barratt PJ, Doe WF. Ulcerative colitis--a disease characterised by the abnormal colonic epithelial cell? Gut 1988; 29:516-21. [PMID: 3371720 PMCID: PMC1433529 DOI: 10.1136/gut.29.4.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The leakiness of the cell membranes of colonic epithelial cells isolated by the collagenase/Dispase technique from normal or diseased colons was assessed in a 4 h 51Cr release assay. Cells from normal, adenoma bearing or cancer bearing colons showed 51Cr release of 8% or less in almost all of 46 cell populations tested. In contrast, cells from mucosa affected by ulcerative colitis [11.9 (4.3%) n = 23] or Crohn's disease [8.4 (2.7%) n = 18] released significantly more 51Cr than the non-inflamed groups. Values are expressed as mean (SD). Overall, release values were greater in ulcerative colitis than Crohn's disease (p less than 0.01). In Crohn's disease, cells obtained from histologically inflamed mucosa released significantly more 51Cr [9.7 (2.5%) n = 11] than those from non-inflamed mucosa [6.4 (1.5%) n = 7, p less than 0.02] whereas, in ulcerative colitis, abnormal release values were found in 8 of 13 cell populations isolated from mucosa showing no histological evidence of active disease. In five patients with distal ulcerative colitis, cells from mucosa not apparently involved demonstrated normal 51Cr release in four of five studies despite abnormal release from cells from involved mucosa suggesting that a diffuse abnormality of the colonic epithelial cell is not usually present. These data indicate that chronic mucosal inflammation per se is associated with abnormalities of the colonic epithelial cell but that, in ulcerative colitis, the abnormality remains in many patients with quiescent disease. Identification of the local factors responsible for such an abnormality may contribute to an understanding of the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Gibson
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Woden Valley Hospital, Canberra
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SACHAR DAVIDB, AUSLANDER MILESO, WALFISH JACOBS. Aetiological Theories of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-5089(21)00446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Richens ER, Williams MJ, Gough KR, Ancill RJ. Leucocyte migration studies in Crohn's disease using Crohn's colon homogenate and mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. Gut 1974; 15:19-23. [PMID: 4820628 PMCID: PMC1412945 DOI: 10.1136/gut.15.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Leucocytes from 38 patients with Crohn's disease were tested for evidence of migration inhibition in the presence of preparations of colon from a patient with this disease. The occurrence of migration inhibition showed a positive correlation with clinically active disease and a negative correlation with immunosuppressive treatment. It was not seen with leucocytes from 12 healthy subjects.
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Shorter RG, Huizenga KA, Spencer RJ, Weedon D. Lymphotoxin in nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease lymphocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES 1973; 18:79-83. [PMID: 4683459 DOI: 10.1007/bf01073149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Shorter RG, Huizenga KA, Spencer RJ. A working hypothesis for the etiology and pathogenesis of nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES 1972; 17:1024-32. [PMID: 5082428 DOI: 10.1007/bf02239143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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