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Peng Y, Yang F, Li X, Jiang B, Yuan R, Xiang Y. DNA branch migration amplification cascades for enzyme-free and non-label aptamer sensing of mucin 1. Analyst 2021; 145:6085-6090. [PMID: 32839791 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01324b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sensitive and quantitative analysis of mucin 1 (MUC1) is very important for the prevention and early diagnosis of cancers. In the present work, based on the mechanism of the four-way DNA branch migration cascades, we constructed a simple and effective signal amplification strategy for aptamer-based sensitive detection of MUC1. The specific binding of MUC1 to the aptamer sequence in the hairpin probe unfolds and switches its structure, triggering the formation of the DNA Holliday junction structure for cascaded branch migrations with the assistance of two fuel DNA duplexes. Importantly, a target analogue DNA complex can be generated in such processes for recycling the branch migration reactions for the production of substantial amounts of G-quadruplexes, which can bind the thioflavin T dye to show significantly intensified fluorescence for detecting MUC1 with a low detection limit of 2.8 nM without the involvement of any labels or enzymes. In addition, this detection strategy could be successfully applied to monitor the target MUC1 in diluted human serums with a high selectivity and acceptable accuracy to demonstrate its potential application for real samples with the advantages of simplicity and signal amplification capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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2
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Zhao H, Hayat H, Ma X, Fan D, Wang P, Moore A. Molecular imaging and deep learning analysis of uMUC1 expression in response to chemotherapy in an orthotopic model of ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14942. [PMID: 32913224 PMCID: PMC7484755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms including deep learning have recently demonstrated remarkable progress in image-recognition tasks. Here, we utilized AI for monitoring the expression of underglycosylated mucin 1 (uMUC1) tumor antigen, a biomarker for ovarian cancer progression and response to therapy, using contrast-enhanced in vivo imaging. This was done using a dual-modal (magnetic resonance and near infrared optical imaging) uMUC1-specific probe (termed MN-EPPT) consisted of iron-oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MN) conjugated to a uMUC1-specific peptide (EPPT) and labeled with a near-infrared fluorescent dye, Cy5.5. In vitro studies performed in uMUC1-expressing human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3/Luc and control uMUC1low ES-2 cells showed preferential uptake on the probe by the high expressor (n = 3, p < .05). A decrease in MN-EPPT uptake by SKOV3/Luc cells in vitro due to uMUC1 downregulation after docetaxel therapy was paralleled by in vivo imaging studies that showed a reduction in probe accumulation in the docetaxel treated group (n = 5, p < .05). The imaging data were analyzed using deep learning-enabled segmentation and quantification of the tumor region of interest (ROI) from raw input MRI sequences by applying AI algorithms including a blend of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Fully Connected Neural Networks. We believe that the algorithms used in this study have the potential to improve studying and monitoring cancer progression, amongst other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhao
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, Rm. 2022, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Hasaan Hayat
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, Rm. 2022, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Lyman Briggs College, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, Rm. 2022, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Daguang Fan
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, Rm. 2022, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, Rm. 2022, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, Rm. 2022, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
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Zhou L, Wang W, Chen Y, Fan J, Tong C, Liu B. Aptamer-tagged silver nanoclusters for cell image and Mucin1 detection in vitro. Talanta 2019; 205:120075. [PMID: 31450473 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of specific cell imaging technology for accurate tumor early diagnosis and evaluation of drug therapeutic efficiency is in great demand. In this study, a simple and sensitive fluorescence method for Mucin1 (MUC1) image in situ and quantitative assay in vitro has been established using APT-tagged silver nanoclusters (APT-Agnes) containing a recognition unit of MUC1 aptamer as the label-free fluorescence probe. The principle of the method is that specific recognition and binding of MUC1 with aptamer can result in the fluorescence quenching of APT-Agnes. The method for MUC1 assay showed a linear range from 0.1 to 100 NM with a limit of detection of 0.05 nM. Furthermore, the fluorescent probe of APT-AgNCs was successfully used for detection of MUC1 in serum and MCF-7 cell imaging. In our point, the above results demonstrated that the new simple method provided an alternative for direct quantitative assay of MUC1 in homogeneous solution and cell imaging, which is helpful for biomedical study and clinical diagnosis related with MUC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiji Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China.
| | - Wenmiao Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - YunQing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jialong Fan
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Chunyi Tong
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
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Tica Sedlar I, Petricevic J, Saraga-Babic M, Pintaric I, Vukojevic K. Apoptotic pathways and stemness in the colorectal epithelium and lamina propria mucosae during the human embryogenesis and carcinogenesis. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:693-703. [PMID: 27612611 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Programmed cell death is essential both during normal organ development and carcinogenesis. In this study we immunohistochemically analyzed different pathways of cell death in 11 human conceptuses 5th-10th-weeks old, 10 low and high grade colorectal carcinomas (CRC), and 10 normal colon samples by using markers for apoptosis (caspase-3, AIF, TUNEL), proliferation (Ki-67) and stemness (Oct-4). RESULTS Between the 5th and 10th week of development, caspase-3 and AIF showed moderate-to-strong expression in the developing gut wall. During development, number of caspase-3-reactive cells decreased, while AIF increased. While healthy colorectal control and low grade CRC showed moderate expression of caspase-3 and AIF, in high grade CRC their expression was strong. Tumor tissues displayed significantly higher number of positive cells than controls. Occasionally, co-expressing of both markers characterized dying cells. In developing colon, Oct-4 and Ki-67 showed moderate-to-strong expression, while some cells co-expressed both markers. Their number decreased in the epithelium and increased in the connective tissue in later development. Healthy colorectal control displayed moderate Ki-67 and mild Oct-4 reactivity. While in low-grade CRC expression Oct-4 and Ki-67 was moderate, in high-grade CRC their expression was strong. Although Oct-4 and TUNEL occasionally co-expressed in all samples, both grades of CRC contained cells that were Oct-4 positive only. CONCLUSION Our study revealed two different parallel pathways of cell death, with characteristic increase of AIF-mediated apoptosis when compared to caspase-3, and presence of stemness cells both during colon development and carcinogenesis. These finding might be considered as important diagnostic, survival and CRC therapy predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tica Sedlar
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Mostar, Kralja Tvrtka bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - J Petricevic
- Department of Pathology, Citology and Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Mostar, Kralja Tvrtka bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Bijeli brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - M Saraga-Babic
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - I Pintaric
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - K Vukojevic
- Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Bijeli brijeg bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Paleri V, Pearson JP, Bulmer D, Jeannon JP, Wight RG, Wilson JA. Expression Of Mucin Gene Products in Laryngeal Squamous Cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 131:84-8. [PMID: 15243562 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Mucins are high-molecular-weight glycoproteins present at the outer surface of mammalian cells. The objective of this study was to examine the expression of mucin (MUC) genes 3, 4, 5AC, 5B, 6, and 7 in early and late laryngeal squamous cancer using the in situ hybridization technique. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of pathological archive specimens. RESULTS: While MUC 3 and 7 are expressed in a small proportion of early cancers, MUC 5AC, 5B, and 6 are not expressed in laryngeal squamous cancer. MUC 4 was expressed in 13 of the 30 patients. Ten patients and 3 patients with stage 1 and stage 4 disease respectively expressed MUC 4 gene (Fisher's exact, P = 0.02). MUC 4-positive patients had a definite trend towards better survival (log rank test, P = 0.05). In the presence of tumor stage and comorbidity grade, Cox's proportional hazards model failed to statistically confirm the survival advantage provided by MUC 4 gene expression. CONCLUSION: There is a survival advantage for patients with advanced-stage nonmetastatic cancer when the MUC 4 gene is expressed.AIMS: To study the expression of mucin (MUC) genes 3, 4, 5AC, 5B, 6, and 7 in early and advanced squamous cell cancer of the larynx; to attempt to correlate changes in gene expression with tumor stage by studying stage I and stage IV (AJCC, 1988) tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinidh Paleri
- University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
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Intra-colonic administration of a polymer-bound NIRF probe for improved colorectal cancer detection during colonoscopy. J Control Release 2014; 192:182-91. [PMID: 25008468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the use of nanoparticle imaging probes for cancer diagnosis. However, various biological barriers limit the efficient delivery of nanoparticles to tumors following parenteral administration. We have investigated the applicability of a water-soluble polymeric imaging probe for improving the detection of gastrointestinal (GI) tumors after intra-luminal (colonic) administration. N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers bearing either fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) or near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) dye (IR-783) were conjugated with EPPT1 peptide, derived from the CDR3 Vh region of a monoclonal antibody (ASM2) raised against human epithelial cancer cells, for targeting under-glycosylated mucin-1 (uMUC-1) expressed in neoplastic tissues. The targeted FITC-labeled copolymer, P-(EPPT1)-FITC, was investigated for its ability to bind human CRC cells and tissue specimens in vitro. The uMUC-1-targeted NIRF-labeled copolymer, P-(EPPT1)-IR783, was assessed for its ability to detect colonic lesions in vivo. P-(EPPT1)-FITC demonstrated superior binding to colorectal cancer (CRC) cells that over-express the uMUC-1 antigen and exhibited selectivity towards human CRC tissue specimens, as compared to adjacent normal tissues from the same patient. When applied intra-colonically, P-(EPPT1)-IR783 significantly accumulated in cancerous tissue, relative to the adjacent normal mucosa of HT29 and LS174T tumor-bearing mice, and demonstrated higher signal intensities in colonic tumors, as compared to the non-targeted P-(GG-OH)-IR783 probe (i.e., without EPPT1). We found that P-(GG-OH)-IR783 can also accumulate specifically at tumor sites. The cancer-specific uptake and retention of P-(GG-OH)-IR783 was not mediated by organic anion transporting peptides (OATPs). Our findings indicate that the polymer-bound NIRF probe can successfully detect solid tumors in the GI tract following intra-colonic administration, and could be used in conjunction with colonoscopic procedures to improve the sensitivity of colonoscopies for polyp detection.
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7
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The relative roles of charge and a recognition peptide in luminal targeting of colorectal cancer by fluorescent polyacrylamide. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:904-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ghosh SK, Pantazopoulos P, Medarova Z, Moore A. Expression of underglycosylated MUC1 antigen in cancerous and adjacent normal breast tissues. Clin Breast Cancer 2012; 13:109-18. [PMID: 23122537 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mucin 1 antigen (MUC1) is a high-molecular-weight transmembrane glycoprotein with an aberrant expression profile in various malignancies, including breast cancer. Its increased overexpression and underglycosylation in breast cancer is associated with tumor invasiveness and metastatic potential. In this study, we took the next step toward establishing MUC1 as a potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic target by investigating its expression and posttranslational modification (glycosylation/sialylation). PATIENTS AND METHODS In these studies we used a breast cancer tissue microarray (TMA) and fresh-frozen multistage breast cancer tissues. We analyzed in detail the expression of normal and underglycosylated/sialated MUC1 by immunohistochemical techniques, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and various analytic techniques. RESULTS We found that changes in cellular localization as well as in upregulation and/or underglycosylation of MUC1 were associated with higher tumor grade. A key finding in this study was that underglycosylated MUC1 (uMUC1) overexpression and sialation were observed in tissues adjacent to tumor but identified as normal on pathology reports. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that uMUC1 can indeed be used as an early diagnostic marker and provide additional insights into breast cancer management.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Breast/metabolism
- Breast/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Early Diagnosis
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Glycosylation
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Mucin-1/genetics
- Mucin-1/metabolism
- N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/metabolism
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neuraminidase/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sialyltransferases/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Tissue Array Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata K Ghosh
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Glasgow SC, Bleier JIS, Burgart LJ, Finne CO, Lowry AC. Meta-analysis of histopathological features of primary colorectal cancers that predict lymph node metastases. J Gastrointest Surg 2012; 16:1019-28. [PMID: 22258880 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-012-1827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment decisions for colorectal cancer vary based on lymph node status. While some histopathological features of the primary tumor correlate with lymph node spread, the relative influences of these risk factors are not well quantified. OBJECTIVE This study aims to systematically review published studies relating histopathological features of primary colorectal cancer to the presence of lymph node metastases and to determine how reliable certain factors might be at predicting nodal metastasis when only the primary lesion is available for study. DATA SOURCES Inclusive literature search using EMBASE and Ovid MEDLINE databases plus manual reference checks of all articles correlating lymphatic spread with colorectal cancer (any T stage) from 1984 to mid-2008 was performed. STUDY SELECTION This search generated two levels of screening utilized on 602 citations, yielding 123 articles for full review. Data reported from 76 articles were chosen. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The relative influence of each histopathological feature on the likelihood of lymphatic metastases was determined. Fixed-effects meta-analysis was performed, and results were reported as Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios (OR). RESULTS Of 42 histopathological features analyzed, only 40.4% were reported in >2 articles. The positive predictive values for the top quartile of most frequently reported risk factors were 25.5-86.4%. Among the commonly reported histopathological findings, lymphatic invasion (OR, 8.62) significantly outperformed tumor depth (T2 vs. T1; OR, 2.62) and overall differentiation (OR, 2.38) in predicting nodal spread. For the rectal cancer subset, risk factors differed from the overall colorectal group in predictive ability; poor differentiation at the invasive front (OR, 6.08) and tumor budding (OR, 5.82) were the most predictive. LIMITATIONS This literature search is limited by the small number of studies examining only rectal cancers and the potential changes in histological and/or surgical techniques over the study period. CONCLUSIONS No single histopathological feature of colorectal cancer reliably predicted lymph node metastases. Several risk factors that correlate highly with nodal disease are not routine components of standard pathology reports. Until further research establishes histopathological or molecular patterns for predicting lymph node spread, caution should be exercised when basing treatment decisions solely on these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Glasgow
- Department of Surgery, San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Ft. Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234-6200, USA.
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10
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He Y, Lin Y, Tang H, Pang D. A graphene oxide-based fluorescent aptasensor for the turn-on detection of epithelial tumor marker mucin 1. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:2054-9. [PMID: 22336777 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr12061e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) which presents in epithelial malignancies, is a well-known tumor biomarker. In this paper, a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent aptasensor for Mucin 1 (MUC1) detection is constructed, utilizing graphene oxide (GO) as a quencher which can quench the fluorescence of single-stranded dye-labeled MUC1 specific aptamer. In the absence of MUC1, the adsorption of the dye-labeled aptamer on GO brings the dyes in close proximity to the GO surface resulting in high efficiency quenching of dye fluorescence. Therefore, the fluorescence of the designed aptasensor is completely quenched by GO, and the system shows very low background fluorescence. Conversely, and very importantly, upon the adding of MUC1, the quenched fluorescence is recovered significantly, and MUC1 can be detected in a wide range of 0.04-10 μM with a detection limit of 28 nM and good selectivity. Moreover, the results have also been verified for real sample application by testing 2% serum containing buffer solution spiked with a series of concentrations of MUC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Research Center for Nanobiology and Nanomedicine (MOE 985 Innovative Platform), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
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Tanaka S, Hattori N, Ishikawa N, Shoda H, Takano A, Nishino R, Okada M, Arihiro K, Inai K, Hamada H, Yokoyama A, Kohno N. Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is a prognostic biomarker in patients with surgically resected nonsmall cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:377-87. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Induction of antitumor immunity by dendritic cells loaded with membrane-translocating mucin 1 Peptide antigen. Transl Oncol 2011; 4:1-8. [PMID: 21286372 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.10166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of enhanced antigen presentation in dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. Here, we describe the development of a cell-penetrating mucin 1 (MUC1) antigen and its immunotherapeutic potential against tumors. After animal groups received two immunizations of MUC1-MPA(11)P-pulsed DCs, we observed a marked tumor regression compared with the mice treated with DCs alone or DCs pulsed with MUC1 peptide. We confirmed the migration and homing of DCs in the popliteal lymph node using magnetic resonance imaging during the study. In summary, enhanced antigen uptake using an MPA(11)P delivery molecule improves cell therapy.
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Cheng AKH, Su H, Wang YA, Yu HZ. Aptamer-based detection of epithelial tumor marker mucin 1 with quantum dot-based fluorescence readout. Anal Chem 2010; 81:6130-9. [PMID: 19572710 DOI: 10.1021/ac901223q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a glycoprotein expressed on most epithelial cell surfaces, which has been confirmed as a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of early cancers. In this paper, we report an aptamer-based, quantitative detection protocol for MUC1 using a 3-component DNA hybridization system with quantum dot (QD)-labeling: in the absence of MUC1 peptides, strong fluorescence is observed upon mixing the three specially designed DNA strands (quencher, QD-labeled reporter, and the MUC1 aptamer stem); in the presence of MUC1 peptides, a successive decrease in fluorescence intensity is detected since the MUC1 peptide binds to the aptamer strand in such a way to allow the quencher and fluorescence reporter to be brought into close proximity (which leads to the occurrence of fluorescence resonance energy transfer, FRET, between the quencher and QD). The detection limit for MUC1 with this novel approach is in the nanomolar (nM) level, and a linear response can be established for the approximate range found in blood serum. This study also provided further insight into the aptamer/analyte binding site/mode for MUC1, which augments the possibility of improving this detection methodology for the early diagnosis of different types of epithelial cancers of large populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan K H Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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Manne U, Shanmugam C, Katkoori VR, Bumpers HL, Grizzle WE. Development and progression of colorectal neoplasia. Cancer Biomark 2010; 9:235-65. [PMID: 22112479 PMCID: PMC3445039 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-2011-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A variety of genetic and molecular alterations underlie the development and progression of colorectal neoplasia (CRN). Most of these cancers arise sporadically due to multiple somatic mutations and genetic instability. Genetic instability includes chromosomal instability (CIN) and microsatellite instability (MSI), which is observed in most hereditary non-polyposis colon cancers (HNPCCs) and accounts for a small proportion of sporadic CRN. Although many biomarkers have been used in the diagnosis and prediction of the clinical outcomes of CRNs, no single marker has established value. New markers and genes associated with the development and progression of CRNs are being discovered at an accelerated rate. CRN is a heterogeneous disease, especially with respect to the anatomic location of the tumor, race/ethnicity differences, and genetic and dietary interactions that influence its development and progression and act as confounders. Hence, efforts related to biomarker discovery should focus on identification of individual differences based on tumor stage, tumor anatomic location, and race/ethnicity; on the discovery of molecules (genes, mRNA transcripts, and proteins) relevant to these differences; and on development of therapeutic approaches to target these molecules in developing personalized medicine. Such strategies have the potential of reducing the personal and socio-economic burden of CRNs. Here, we systematically review molecular and other pathologic features as they relate to the development, early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, progression, and prevention of CRNs, especially colorectal cancers (CRCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Seol SY. CURRENT TECHNIQUES AND DEVICES FOR SAFE AND CONVENIENT ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION (ESD) AND KOREAN EXPERIENCE OF ESD. Dig Endosc 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1443-1661.2008.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Ishikawa N, Hattori N, Yokoyama A, Tanaka S, Nishino R, Yoshioka K, Ohshimo S, Fujitaka K, Ohnishi H, Hamada H, Arihiro K, Kohno N. Usefulness of monitoring the circulating Krebs von den Lungen-6 levels to predict the clinical outcome of patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer treated with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:2612-20. [PMID: 18324627 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is a high molecular weight glycoprotein classified in the category of human MUC1 mucin. KL-6 has been reported to serve as a sensitive marker for interstitial pneumonia; however, recent studies have suggested that it can also be used as a tumor marker as its origin shows. To further elucidate the clinicopathological significance of circulating KL-6 in lung cancer, we monitored the circulating KL-6 levels in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and analyzed the association between these levels and the clinical outcome of EGFR-TKI treatment. The pretreatment levels of circulating KL-6 were found to be significantly higher in progressive disease (PD) patients than disease-controlled (partial response (PR) and stable disease (SD)) patients. Multivariate analyses revealed the circulating KL-6 level to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival as well as progression-free survival. In addition to these observations, we found that changes in circulating KL-6 levels at 2 weeks after the start of EGFR-TKI treatment from the baseline could quite precisely discriminate PD cases from PR or SD patients and the clinical outcome of EGFR-TKI in NSCLC patients. These results indicate that the monitoring of circulating KL-6 levels in NSCLC patients is effective for both selecting patients to be treated with EGFR-TKI and predicting the clinical outcome of EGFR-TKI. In addition, the findings suggest that the circulating KL-6 level could be used as a clinically relevant biomarker in patients with NSCLC, particularly those who are candidates for EGFR-TKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhisa Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Kanao H, Tanaka S, Oka S, Kaneko I, Yoshida S, Arihiro K, Yoshihara M, Chayama K. Clinical significance of type V I pit pattern subclassification in determining the depth of invasion of colorectal neoplasms. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:211-7. [PMID: 18186557 PMCID: PMC2675116 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To clarify whether subclassification of the type VI pit pattern on the basis of magnifying colonoscopy findings is useful in determining the type and depth of invasion of colorectal neoplasms.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 272 colorectal neoplasms (117 dysplasias and 155 submucosal invasive carcinomas; 228 patients) with a type V pit pattern [type VI, n = 202; type VN, n = 70 (Kudo and Tsuruta classification system)]. We divided lesions with a type VI pit pattern into two subclasses, mildly irregular lesions and severely irregular lesions, according to the prominent and detailed magnifying colonoscopy findings. We examined the relation between these two subclasses and histology/invasion depth.
RESULTS: One hundred and four lesions (51.5%) were judged to be mildly irregular, and 98 lesions (48.5%) were judged to be severely irregular. Ninety-seven (93.3%) mildly irregular lesions showed dysplasias or submucosal invasion of less than 1000 &mgr;m (SM < 1000 &mgr;m). Fifty-five (56.1%) severely irregular lesions showed submucosal invasion equal to or deeper than 1000 &mgr;m (SM ≥ 1000 &mgr;m). Mild irregularity was found significantly more often in dysplasias or lesions with SM < 1000 &mgr;m than in lesions with SM ≥ 1000 &mgr;m (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Subclassification of the type VI pit pattern is useful for identifying dysplasias or lesions with SM < 1000 &mgr;m.
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Kaneko I, Tanaka S, Oka S, Yoshida S, Hiyama T, Arihiro K, Shimamoto F, Chayama K. Immunohistochemical molecular markers as predictors of curability of endoscopically resected submucosal colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:3829-35. [PMID: 17657837 PMCID: PMC4611215 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i28.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To clarify the usefulness of immunohistochemical molecular markers in predicting lymph node metastasis of submucosal colorectal cancer.
METHODS: We examined microvessel density, lymphatic vessel density, the Ki-67 labeling index, expression of MUC1 and Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in tumor cells, and expression of cathepsin D in stromal cells at the invasive front by immunostaining of samples resected from 214 patients with submucosal colorectal cancer. Pathologic features were assessed on hematoxylin-eosin-stained samples. We evaluated the relations between clinicopathologic/immunohistochemical features and lymph node metastasis.
RESULTS: Lesions of the superficial type, with an unfavorable histologic grade, budding, lymphatic involvement, high microvessel density (≥ 40), high lymphatic vessel density (≥ 9), high Ki-67 labeling index (≥ 42), and positivity of MUC1, cathepsin D, and MMP-7 showed a significantly high incidence of lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis revealed that high microvessel density, unfavorable histologic grade, cathepsin D positivity, high lymphatic vessel density, superficial type, budding, and MUC1 positivity were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis. A combined examination with four independent immunohistochemical markers (microvessel density, cathepsin D, lymphatic vessel density, and MUC1) revealed that all lesions that were negative for all markers or positive for only one marker were negative for lymph node metastasis.
CONCLUSION: Analysis of a combination of immuno-histochemical molecular markers in endoscopically resected specimens of submucosal colorectal cancer allows prediction of curability regardless of the pathologic features visible of hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Kaneko
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima, Japan
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19
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Larghi A, Waxman I. State of the art on endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2007; 17:441-69, v. [PMID: 17640576 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2007.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) provide new alternatives for minimally invasive treatment of superficial gastrointestinal malignancies. Evidence suggests that these techniques can be performed safely and have comparable outcomes to surgery with less morbidity and better quality of life due to their tissue-sparing nature when compared with conventional surgery. Although the techniques and accessories have become standardized, there is room for improvement, and further research and development are required. Current challenges facing American gastroenterologists or endoscopic surgeons include access to training and lack of appropriate reimbursement for these heavy-weighted and technically demanding procedures. Nevertheless, EMR and ESD are here to stay and are only the first steps toward true radical endoluminal resection of GI malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Larghi
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00192 Rome, Italy
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20
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Lugli A, Zlobec I, Baker K, Minoo P, Tornillo L, Terracciano L, Jass JR. Prognostic significance of mucins in colorectal cancer with different DNA mismatch-repair status. J Clin Pathol 2007; 60:534-9. [PMID: 16816167 PMCID: PMC1994556 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.039552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of mucin antigen MUC1 and down regulation of MUC2 are associated with adverse prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC), but their prognostic significance with respect to differing DNA mis- match repair (MMR) status is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To determine the prognostic significance of MUC1 and MUC2 in CRC with different MMR statuses. METHODS Using the tissue microarray (TMA) technique, a series of 1420 unselected, non-consecutive CRC resections was subdivided into three groups: (1) MMR-proficient; (2) MLH1-negative; and (3) presumed hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). Immunohistochemical analysis of MUC1 and MUC2 expression (>0%) and loss (0%) was performed, and the results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS In MMR-proficient CRC, MUC1 expression was more frequently found in tumours with higher tumour stage (p=0.004) and higher tumour grade (p=0.041) and loss of MUC2 was associated with higher tumour stage (p=0.028), node stage (p=0.001), presence of vascular invasion (p=0.028) and worse survival (p=0.034). In MLH1-negative CRC, MUC2 loss was associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (p=0.028) and worse survival (p=0.015), but there was no association between MUC1 expression and clinicopathological features. In presumed HNPCC, MUC1 expression and MUC2 loss were not associated with clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSIONS Mucins have a prognostic significance in sporadic CRC, but not in hereditary CRC. Loss of MUC2 is an adverse prognostic factor in MMR-proficient and MLH1-negative CRC, whereas MUC1 expression is associated with tumour progression in MMR-proficient CRC only.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lugli
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Duff Medical Building, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Kaneko I, Tanaka S, Oka S, Kawamura T, Hiyama T, Ito M, Yoshihara M, Shimamoto F, Chayama K. Lymphatic vessel density at the site of deepest penetration as a predictor of lymph node metastasis in submucosal colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2007; 50:13-21. [PMID: 17115337 DOI: 10.1007/s10350-006-0745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lymph node metastasis is an important factor that influences curability after endoscopic treatment of submucosal colorectal cancer. This study was designed to determine the usefulness of identification of lymphatic vessels by immunohistochemistry in predicting lymph node metastasis of submucosal colorectal cancer. METHODS Lymphatic involvement was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and podoplanin immunostaining on samples resected from 268 patients with submucosal colorectal cancer. Lymphatic vessel density was estimated by two investigators by average count of three fields (x200) in the area of greatest number of podoplanin-positive capillaries at the site of deepest submucosal penetration. Relations with other clinicopathologic parameters also were investigated. RESULTS Lesions with high lymphatic vessel density (> or =9 vessels per field) showed a significantly greater incidence of lymph node metastasis than did those with low lymphatic vessel density (<9 vessels per field; 23.3 vs. 8.4 percent). By multivariate analysis, lymphatic vessel density was determined to be an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis of submucosal colorectal cancer (P = 0.0044). Lymphatic vessel density also correlated with tumor budding and the degree of inflammation at the invasive front. CONCLUSIONS Identification of lymphatic vessels by podoplanin immunostaining provides objective and accurate evaluation of lymphatic involvement. Lymphatic vessel density at the site of deepest penetration is a useful predictor of lymph node metastasis of submucosal colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Kaneko
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima, Japan
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22
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Arlen PM, Pazdur M, Skarupa L, Rauckhorst M, Gulley JL. A randomized phase II study of docetaxel alone or in combination with PANVAC-V (vaccinia) and PANVAC-F (fowlpox) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (NCI 05-C-0229). Clin Breast Cancer 2006; 7:176-9. [PMID: 16800982 DOI: 10.3816/cbc.2006.n.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Arlen
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1750, USA.
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23
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Patel KN, Maghami E, Wreesmann VB, Shaha AR, Shah JP, Ghossein R, Singh B. MUC1 plays a role in tumor maintenance in aggressive thyroid carcinomas. Surgery 2006; 138:994-1001; discussion 1001-2. [PMID: 16360383 PMCID: PMC1858643 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2005.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Revised: 09/15/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently identified MUC1 as a target driving selection for 1q21 amplification and validated it as an independent marker of aggressive behavior in thyroid cancer (TC). The aims of this study were to determine whether TC cell lines retain MUC1 expression patterns that are seen in primary tumors, assess the role of MUC1 in tumor maintenance, and develop a virally delivered anti-MUC1 RNA interference (RNAi) that is effective in decreasing MUC1 expression in vitro. METHODS Fifteen TC cell lines were screened for MUC1 protein expression. Cell lines with varying MUC1 protein levels were treated with anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibody to assess cell viability. A recombinant retroviral short hairpin RNAi delivery system against MUC1 was developed. Efficacy and optimal dosing of short hairpin RNA against MUC1 was determined. RESULTS MUC1 expression patterns in TC cell lines were found to be similar to that seen in primary tumors. Treatment with anti-MUC1 antibody resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability in MUC1 over-expressing cell lines. MUC1-779 RNAi construct showed excellent infection efficiency and reproducible silencing. CONCLUSION These data offer functional evidence that implicates MUC1 over-expression as a key molecular event in the pathogenesis of aggressive TC. Retrovirally delivered anti-MUC1 RNAi is effective in silencing MUC1 and merits further investigation to establish therapeutic efficacy and safety in anticipation of potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kepal N. Patel
- Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellie Maghami
- Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Volkert B. Wreesmann
- Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashok R. Shaha
- Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jatin P. Shah
- Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bhuvanesh Singh
- Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Guo Q, Tang W, Inagaki Y, Midorikawa Y, Kokudo N, Sugawara Y, Nakata M, Konishi T, Nagawa H, Makuuchi M. Clinical significance of subcellular localization of KL-6 mucin in primary colorectal adenocarcinoma and metastatic tissues. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:54-9. [PMID: 16440417 PMCID: PMC4077483 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess subcellular localization of KL - 6 mucin and its clinicopathological significance in colorectal carcinoma as well as metastatic lymph node and liver tissues.
METHODS: Colorectal carcinoma tissues as well as metastatic lymph node and liver tissues were collected from 82 patients who underwent colorectomy or hepatectomy. Tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using KL - 6 antibody.
RESULTS: Of the 82 colorectal carcinoma patients, 6 showed no staining, 29 showed positive staining only in the apical membrane, and 47 showed positive staining in the circumferential membrane and/or cytoplasm. Positive staining was not observed in non - cancerous colorectal epithelial cells surrounding the tumor tissues. The five - year survival rate was significantly lower in cases showing positive staining in the circumferential membrane and/or cytoplasm (63.0%) than those showing positive staining only in the apical membrane (85.7%) and those showing no staining (100%). Statistical analysis between clinicopathological factors and subcellular localization of KL - 6 mucin showed that KL - 6 localization in the circumferential membrane and/or cytoplasm was significantly associated with the presence of venous invasion (P = 0.0003), lymphatic invasion (P < 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0001), liver metastasis (P = 0.058), and advanced histological stage (P < 0.0001). Positive staining was observed in all metastatic lesions tested as well as in the primary colorectal carcinoma tissues.
CONCLUSION: The subcellular staining pattern of KL - 6 in colorectal adenocarcinoma may be an important indicator for unfavorable behaviors such as lymph node and liver metastasis, as well as for the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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25
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Croner RS, Peters A, Brueckl WM, Matzel KE, Klein-Hitpass L, Brabletz T, Papadopoulos T, Hohenberger W, Reingruber B, Lausen B. Microarray versus conventional prediction of lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 2005; 104:395-404. [PMID: 15952189 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors investigated whether microarray-based gene expression analysis of primary tumor biopsy material could be used to predict lymph node status in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Lymphatic metastasis strongly determines treatment algorithms in CRC. Currently, postoperative histology results are needed to determine lymph node status. Reliable preoperative information would be useful to advance treatment strategies. METHODS In specimens from 66 patients with CRC from the Erlangen Registry of Colorectal Cancer, 41 shock-frozen samples of International Union Against Cancer (UICC) Stage I-II CRC and 25 samples of UICC Stage III CRC were microdissected manually, RNA was isolated, and gene chips (HG-U133A; Affymetrix) were hybridized. Prediction rates for lymphatic metastasis were calculated using conventional clinicopathologic parameters, gene expression data, and a combination of both. Prediction error, specificity, and sensitivity were analyzed using six different statistical classifiers. RESULTS Analysis of conventional parameters produced a positive prediction rate that ranged between 53% and 61%, sensitivity of 42%, and specificity of 72%. Microarray prediction rates were between 62% and 67% for lymphatic metastasis. Specificity was between 76% and 83%, and sensitivity was between 38% and 48%, depending on the statistical procedure. The conventional estimates were improved by 9-12% when array data were added. CONCLUSIONS Current data show that the prediction of lymphatic metastasis can be improved by gene expression profiling of the primary tumor biopsy, alone or in combination with conventional parameters. Gene expression profiling may become valuable increasingly in planning treatment for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland S Croner
- Department of Surgery, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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26
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Günther K, Leier J, Henning G, Dimmler A, Weissbach R, Hohenberger W, Förster R. Prediction of lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma by expressionof chemokine receptor CCR7. Int J Cancer 2005; 116:726-33. [PMID: 15828050 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are known to regulate homing of lymphocytes into secondary lymphoid organs and may also be involved in the lymphatic spread of solid tumors. Therefore, the assessment of chemokine receptor expression on colorectal carcinomas could potentially improve the prediction of lymph node spread. This is of great importance for the selection of patients for local therapy without the need for concomitant lymphatic dissection. Currently, only 5% of all patients can be selected for this desirable treatment option by established prognosticators. In a retrospective study, expression levels of the chemokine receptors CCR7, CXCR4 and CXCR5 were determined by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded specimens of 99 colorectal carcinomas, which were curatively operated on, comprising all stages of the disease. Receptor expressions (absent vs. positive) from the overall tumor (OT) and from the invasion front (IF) including further prognosticators were correlated with lymph node status by uni- and multivariate analysis. Data were also correlated with synchronous distant metastases and overall survival. Median follow-up was 64 months. In univariate analysis, lymph node status correlated significantly with lymphovascular invasion, the expression of CCR7 IF, CCR7 OT, CXCR4 IF and CXCR4 OT, as well as pT category. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant correlation of lymph node status with lymphovascular invasion and CCR7 IF expression level. Most interestingly, CCR7 IF expression was significantly linked to decreased survival. CCR7 plays an important role in the mechanism of lymph node spread in colorectal carcinoma. Evaluation of the chemokine receptor expression profile seems to be appropriate to improve the selection of patients suited for local treatment and might constitute targets for nonsurgical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Günther
- Department of Surgery I, Community Hospital of Fürth, Fürth, Germany.
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27
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Abstract
Techniques of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) can dramatically improve the ability to diagnose and treat superficial lesions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Early cancers, submucosal tumors, and sessile polyps can be safely and completely removed in a single procedure, with long-term outcome results comparable to surgery. This is accomplished with a minimum cost, morbidity, and mortality and with little or no impact on the quality of life of patients. This article provides an overview of the techniques, indications, and outcomes of EMR in the management of GI malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Larghi
- Department of Endoscopy and Therapeutics, Section of Gastroenterology, The University of Chicago, MC 9028, Illinois 60637, USA
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28
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Russo J, Russo IH. Development of the human breast. Maturitas 2004; 49:2-15. [PMID: 15351091 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2004.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2003] [Revised: 04/07/2004] [Accepted: 04/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The human breast undergoes a complete series of changes from intrauterine life to senescence. These changes can be divided into two distinct phases; the developmental phase and the differentiation phase. The developmental phase includes the early stages of gland morphogenesis, from nipple epithelium to lobule formation. In lobule formation, both processes, development and differentiation, take place almost simultaneously. For example, the progressive transition of lobule type 1 to types 2, 3, and 4 requires active cell proliferation, to acquire the cell mass necessary for the function of milk secretion. This later process implies differentiation of the mammary epithelium. Therefore, the presence of lobule type 4 is the maximal expression of development and differentiation in the adult gland, whereas the presence of lobule type 3 could indicate that the gland has already been developed. It is important to point out that the presence of proteins that are indicative of milk secretion, such as alpha-lactalbumin, casein, or milk fat lobule type membrane protein, also indicates cellular differentiation of breast epithelium. However, only when all the other components of milk, (such as lactose, alpha-lactalbumin, casein and milk fat) are coordinately synthesized within the appropriate structure can full differentiation of the mammary gland be acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Russo
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
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29
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Baldus SE, Mönig SP, Huxel S, Landsberg S, Hanisch FG, Engelmann K, Schneider PM, Thiele J, Hölscher AH, Dienes HP. MUC1 and nuclear beta-catenin are coexpressed at the invasion front of colorectal carcinomas and are both correlated with tumor prognosis. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:2790-6. [PMID: 15102686 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overexpression of MUC1 and cytosolic interaction of the mucin with beta-catenin are claimed to be involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. In vitro data published recently suggest that MUC1 overexpression results in an increase of steady state levels of nuclear beta-catenin. We tried to elucidate the coexpression of both molecules in colorectal cancer to demonstrate possible correlations with clinical, pathological, and prognostic data. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN An immunohistochemical double staining study was performed to characterize the expression and subcellular distribution of MUC1 and beta-catenin in a series of 205 patients with colorectal carcinoma. The results were correlated with clinicopathological variables as well as overall survival. RESULTS MUC1 was strongly expressed in the tumor center and at the invasion front in approximately 50% of the cases. Similar results were obtained with regard to nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin at the invasive tumor parts. MUC1 protein expression in the tumor center correlated significantly with a low grade of differentiation, and nuclear beta-catenin in the tumor periphery was more frequent in carcinomas of the left colon and rectum. Overexpression of MUC1 and beta-catenin, as well as their nuclear coexpression at the invasion front correlated with a worse overall survival in an univariate analysis. However, only pathological tumor-node-metastasis staging and MUC1 at the invasion front revealed as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MUC1 and beta-catenin are coexpressed at the invasion front of colorectal carcinomas and that this feature is associated with an accelerated course of disease and worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan E Baldus
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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30
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Suzuki H, Shoda J, Kawamoto T, Shinozaki E, Miyahara N, Hotta S, Iizuka Y, Nakahara A, Tanaka N, Yanaka A, Irimura T. Expression of MUC1 recognized by monoclonal antibody MY.1E12 is a useful biomarker for tumor aggressiveness of advanced colon carcinoma. Clin Exp Metastasis 2004; 21:321-9. [PMID: 15554388 DOI: 10.1023/b:clin.0000046133.35133.cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To address the need for new prognostic parameters in advanced colon carcinoma that could add insights into the aggressiveness of tumors, the expression levels of MUC1 recognized by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) MY.1E12 in archival specimens from 123 Japanese patients with colon carcinomas were evaluated by immunohistochemistry to correlate the results with clinicopathological characteristics. The localization of mAb MY.1E12-reactive-MUC1 (MY.1E12-MUC1) was classified into apical, cytoplasmic and stromal types based on the predominant cellular distribution. The MUC1 mRNA levels revealed by in situ hybridization were not a determinant for the localization types of MY.1E12-MUC1. Immunostaining of MY.1E12-MUC1 was recognized in the cancerous epithelia of pT1 carcinoma in 61%, pT2 in 78%, pT3 in 98% and pT4 in 90% of the cases at the deepest invading sites. At the deepest invading sites, apical-type localization was found to predominate in pT1 carcinoma, but stromal-type localization was found to increase in pT2-4 carcinomas in parallel with the depth of invasion. The frequency of synchronous distant organ metastasis at the time of diagnosis tended to be higher in cases of pT3 and pT4 carcinomas in the stromal-type localization-dominant group than in cases in the apical-type localization-dominant group. The post-surgical survival outcome of cases of pT3 and pT4 carcinomas was significantly poorer in the former than in the latter (P = 0.002). The stromal-type localization of MY.1E12-MUC1 may be a phenotype serving as a unique biological feature associated with the tumor aggressiveness of advanced colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
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31
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Vlad AM, Kettel JC, Alajez NM, Carlos CA, Finn OJ. MUC1 immunobiology: from discovery to clinical applications. Adv Immunol 2004; 82:249-93. [PMID: 14975259 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(04)82006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anda M Vlad
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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Mohamed F, Gething S, Haiba M, Brun EA, Sugarbaker PH. Clinically aggressive pseudomyxoma peritonei: a variant of a histologically indolent process. J Surg Oncol 2004; 86:10-5. [PMID: 15048674 DOI: 10.1002/jso.20038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three distinct morphologic types of pseudomyxoma peritonei syndrome have been defined: disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis (DPAM), peritoneal mucinous carcinoma (PMCA), and a hybrid morphologic type. Prognosis is best in patients with DPAM; unfortunately, some patients with DPAM succumb to a rapidly progressive disease process. METHODS We identified a subset of 11 patients with a histopathology of DPAM but a clinical course showing an invasive disease process. As a comparison group, from a database of 501 patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei, we selected 22 age- and sex-matched controls with a DPAM histology who are alive with no evidence of disease. Clinical factors were identified for comparison of case and control groups. Expression of mucin antigens, mucin (MUC)1 and MUC2, were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The study group consisted of 11 patients (five men and six women), with a median survival of 52.2 months (SD 7.46) and a 31% 5-year survival. All 22 matched control cases (10 men and 12 women) are alive and disease-free. Clinical data on the study and control groups including co-morbidity were similar. No significant difference in the expression of MUC1 (P = 0.74, Fisher's exact test) or MUC2 (P = 0.34, Fisher's exact test) was demonstrated between groups. CONCLUSIONS Further investigation of pseudomyxoma peritonei at a molecular and genetic level may help to formulate a more comprehensive classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheez Mohamed
- The Washington Cancer Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
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Moore A, Medarova Z, Potthast A, Dai G. In Vivo Targeting of Underglycosylated MUC-1 Tumor Antigen Using a Multimodal Imaging Probe. Cancer Res 2004; 64:1821-7. [PMID: 14996745 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the most difficult challenges of oncology is to improve methods for early tumor detection, which is crucial for the success of cancer therapy and greatly improves the survival rate. Underglycosylated mucin-1 antigen (uMUC-1) is one of the early hallmarks of tumorigenesis and is overexpressed and underglycosylated on almost all human epithelial cell adenocarcinomas as well as in nonepithelial cancer cell lines, as well as in hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma, and some B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. In this study, we designed, synthesized, and tested a novel multimodal imaging probe specifically recognizing in vivo uMUC-1 antigen in an animal model of human cancer. Furthermore, in vivo magnetic resonance- and near-infrared-imaging experiments on tumor-bearing animals showed specific accumulation of the probe in uMUC-1-positive tumors and virtually no signal in control tumors. We expect that this probe has a potential to greatly aid in screening prospective patients for early cancer detection and in monitoring the efficacy of drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Moore
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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Sun AP, Ohtsuki Y, Fujita J, Ishida T, Yoshinouchi T, Kohno N. KL-6, a human MUC1 mucin, is expressed early in premature lung. Respir Med 2003; 97:964-9. [PMID: 12924525 DOI: 10.1016/s0954-6111(03)00124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
KL-6, one of the MUC1 antigens, is a mucin-like high-molecular-weight glycoprotein, which is strongly expressed on type II pneumocytes. Serum levels of KL-6 have been shown to correlate with activity of interstitial pneumonia (IP). During embryonic development, MUC1 expression coincides with the onset of epithelial sheet and glandular formation. To investigate the potential role of KL-6 in lung morphogenesis, we examined KL-6 expression by immunohistochemistry on autopsied lung tissue specimens of 35 neonates and infants with gestational age from 23 to 40 weeks. Hyaline membranes (HMs) were detected in 13 of 35 cases. Simultaneously, antibody against surfactant protein A (SP-A) was employed in the study which is a distinct marker for type II pneumocytes. In all cases studied with gestational age above 23 weeks, staining for KL-6 was strongly positive in alveolar epithelial cells and in HMs found in 13 cases, whereas immunoreaction for PE10 varied depending on gestational age and duration of postnatal survival. Our findings suggest that KL-6 is expressed earlier in premature lung and may act as an important factor contributing to morphogenesis and function of developing lung in early gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Sun
- Department of Pathology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
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Truant S, Bruyneel E, Gouyer V, De Wever O, Pruvot FR, Mareel M, Huet G. Requirement of both mucins and proteoglycans in cell-cell dissociation and invasiveness of colon carcinoma HT-29 cells. Int J Cancer 2003; 104:683-94. [PMID: 12640674 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human colon carcinomas are characterized by an aberrant expression of mucins, which in some case leads to an abundant presence of mucus such as in mucinous and signet ring cell carcinomas. Cellular cloning of the human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29 (HT-29 STD), which is mainly composed of undifferentiated cells, yielded a highly mucin-secreting variant (HT-29 5M21). The latter cloned cells cultured on plastic display a polarized organization with an apical secretion of MUC5AC mucin (Lesuffleur et al., Int J Cancer 1998;76:383-92.). Our aim was to study these 2 cell-types as for the invasive and adhesive properties with regard to the function of E-cadherin. HT-29 STD cells were noninvasive in collagen type I, whereas HT-29 5M21 cells were invasive, and the latter behavior was connected to a loss of function of E-cadherin. Likewise, HT-29 5M21 cells were characterized by a cell-cell adhesion independent of E-cadherin, in contrast to the E-cadherin dependent cell-cell adhesion of HT-29 STD cells. Immunofluorescence of HT-29 5M21 cells cultured on collagen type I showed the disappearance of the polarized organization, with a redistribution of apical mucins to the entire cell surface. Treatment of HT-29 5M21 cells by 1-benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (GalNAcalpha-O-bn) or by beta-D-xyloside revealed that both mucins and proteoglycans were involved in the loss of E-cadherin function. The use of specific antibodies allowed to show that MUC5AC, MUC1 and heparan sulfate proteoglycans cooperated in the formation of a biological inhibitory complex towards the function of E-cadherin in this invasive HT-29 clone.
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Grizzle WE, Manne U, Weiss HL, Jhala N, Talley L. Molecular staging of colorectal cancer in African-American and Caucasian patients using phenotypic expression of p53, Bcl-2, MUC-1 AND p27(kip-1). Int J Cancer 2002; 97:403-9. [PMID: 11802199 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The gold standard for clinical outcome of most cancers has been the clinical and pathologic staging of the tumors after surgery. For colorectal cancer (CRC), nodal involvement at the time the primary tumor is resected has been the most reliable indicator of clinical outcome; however, recently, combinations of molecular markers have been reported to be equivalent to pathologic or clinical staging in predicting clinical outcome. In addition, molecular markers can be used in conjunction with clinical or pathologic staging to provide a stronger indicator of clinical outcome than staging alone. We propose that "molecular staging" be added to pathologic staging to aid in predicting clinical outcome and making therapeutic decisions for colorectal cancers, especially stage II and III CRCs. We have reported that the clinical usefulness of most molecular markers varies with the ethnic group of the patients and the anatomic location of CRCs; this complicates the evaluation of prognostic biomarkers and requires much larger numbers of cases to be evaluated. Nevertheless, nuclear accumulation of p53 (p53(nac)) and phenotypic expression of Bcl-2, MUC-1 and p27(kip-1) may be molecular markers approaching acceptance for use in molecular staging of specific subgroups of colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233-0007, USA.
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Russo J, Lynch H, Russo IH. Mammary gland architecture as a determining factor in the susceptibility of the human breast to cancer. Breast J 2001; 7:278-91. [PMID: 11906437 DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-4741.2001.21033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The developmental pattern of the breast can be assessed by determining the composition of the breast in specific lobular structures, which are designated as lobules type 1 (Lob 1), lobules type 2 (Lob 2), and lobules type 3 (Lob 3), with Lob 1 being the less developed and Lob 3 being the most differentiated or with the highest number of ductules per lobular unit. In the present work, the patient population consisted of three groups of women who underwent surgical procedures: The first group included women who underwent reduction mammoplasty (RM) for cosmetic reasons. The second group included women who underwent prophylactic subcutaneous mastectomy after genetic counseling for either carrying the BRCA-1 gene or belonging to a pedigree with familial breast cancer (FAM), and the third group included women who underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM) for the diagnosis of invasive carcinoma. The RM group consisted of 33 women, of whom 9 were nulliparous and 24 were parous. The FAM group consisted of 17 women, of whom 8 were nulliparous and 9 were parous. The MRM group consisted of 43 women, of whom 7 were nulliparous and 36 were parous. The analysis of the lobular composition of all of the samples from the RM group, which is considered the control group, revealed that Lob 1 represented 22%, Lob 2 represented 37%, and Lob 3 represented 38%, whereas the tissue examined from the FAM and MRM groups contained a preponderance of Lob 1 at 48% and 74%, respectively, over Lob 3, which was 10% and 3%, respectively. When the results of the analysis of breast tissue were separated according to the pregnancy history of the donor, it was found that in the control group or RM, there was a significant difference in lobular composition. Nulliparous women of the RM group showed a preponderance of Lob 1 (46%) over parous women, which contained only 17%, whereas the percentage of Lob 3 in the nulliparous group was significantly lower (7%) than the parous group (48%). In the breast tissues obtained from FAM and MRM, no significant differences in lobular composition were observed, as all of the samples contained a higher concentration of Lob 1, independent of the pregnancy history. The breast tissue of FAM and MRM of parous women had a developmental pattern that was similar to that of nulliparous women of the same group and that was less developed than the breast of parous women of the control group. An important difference between the Lob 1 of the FAM group versus the control (RM) and the MRM group was that most of these lobules had thin ductules with an increase in hyalinization of the intralobular stroma manifested in the whole-mount preparation as an alteration in the branching pattern. The data suggest that the breast tissue of women with invasive cancer, as well as those from a background of familial breast cancer, have an architectural pattern different from the control or normal tissues and that the BRCA-1 or related genes may have a functional role in the branching pattern of the breast during lobular development, mainly in the epithelial stroma interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Russo
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
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Oh-e H, Tanaka S, Kitadai Y, Shimamoto F, Yoshihara M, Haruma K. Angiogenesis at the site of deepest penetration predicts lymph node metastasis of submucosal colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2001; 44:1129-36. [PMID: 11535852 DOI: 10.1007/bf02234633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intratumor microvessel count has been reported as a useful prognostic factor in patients with cancer of various organs. This study was undertaken to clarify the relation between microvessel count and lymph node metastasis in submucosal colorectal cancer. METHODS Microvessel count was estimated in 254 invasive tumors that had been resected from patients with submucosal colorectal cancer. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies against CD34 was performed on archival specimens, and microvessel counts were estimated based on the average count of three fields (original magnification, x400) in the most vascular area at the site of deepest submucosal penetration. RESULTS Microvessel count ranged from 10 to 98, with a median of 40. Lesions with high microvessel counts (> or =40) had a significantly higher incidence of lymph node metastasis than those with low microvessel counts (<40; 21.8 percent vs. 6.2 percent). None of the 79 lesions with low microvessel counts and submucosal invasion up to a depth of 1,500 microm had metastasized to the lymph nodes. In multivariate analysis, microvessel count was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis in submucosal colorectal cancer (P = 0.0026). CONCLUSION Microvessel count at the site of deepest submucosal penetration can be one of the most useful predictors for lymph node metastasis. Analysis that combines microvessel count and depth of submucosal invasion may predict the occurrence of lesions without lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Oh-e
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Masaki T, Mori T, Matsuoka H, Sugiyama M, Atomi Y. Colonoscopic Treatment of Colon Cancers. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1055-3207(18)30058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Plasmacytoma (Pm) is a plasma cell (PC) neoplasia consisting of PCs and some of them show progression to multiple myeloma. But there is no clear indicators predicting this progression. In this study, MUC1 expression was evaluated in Pm cases to determine the predictive value and was compared with histopathologic grade which is known to be a prognostic indicator in Pm. Nine of 31 cases with Pm showed MUC1 expression. Only two of the 18 cases with mature morphology showed MUC1 expression while seven of 13 cases with immature morphology showed MUC1 expression and this was statistically significant (P<0.006). Additionally, four of 11 cases with BM involvement showed MUC1 expression while five of 20 cases without BM involvement showed MUC1 expression. There was a trend MUC1 expression with BM involvement but there was not statistically significant association between MUC1 expression and BM involvement. We found that MUC1 expression is associated with immature morphology which is an important prognostic indicator in Pm and by analogy MUC1 expression may be an additional prognostic indicator in patients with Pm.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paydaş
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, 01330 Balcali, Adana, Turkey.
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Oh-e H, Tanaka S, Kitadai Y, Shimamoto F, Yoshihara M, Haruma K. Cathepsin D expression as a possible predictor of lymph node metastasis in submucosal colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2001; 37:180-8. [PMID: 11166144 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(00)00348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the usefulness of cathepsin D expression as a predictor of lymph node metastasis in submucosal colorectal cancer (CRC). Cathepsin D expression was examined immunohistochemically in cancer and stromal cells located at the deepest portion of 254 invasive tumours that had been resected from patients with submucosal CRC. In cancer cells, the expression was classified according to differences in intracellular localisation: polarity positive, apical type (PA); polarity positive, basal type (PB); polarity negative (PN); or no expression (NE). Lesions with PN or NE expression showed a significantly higher incidence of lymph node metastasis than those with PA or PB expression. Alternatively, lesions with positive expression in stromal cells showed a significantly higher incidence of lymph node metastasis than that of those with negative expression. None of the lesions with PA or PB expression and negative expression in stromal cells had metastasised to the lymph node. In conclusion, analysis combining cathepsin D expression in cancer and stromal cells may be a quite useful predictor for lymph node metastasis and may broaden the indications for curative endoscopic treatment of submucosal CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Oh-e
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, 734-8551, Hiroshima, Japan
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Kunihiro M, Tanaka S, Haruma K, Kitadai Y, Yoshihara M, Sumii K, Kajiyama G, Nishiyama M. Electrocautery snare resection stimulates cellular proliferation of residual colorectal tumor: an increasing gene expression related to tumor growth. Dis Colon Rectum 2000; 43:1107-15. [PMID: 10950009 DOI: 10.1007/bf02236558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, endoscopic mucosal resection has been performed commonly for colorectal tumors. However, incomplete endoscopic mucosal resection produces a residual tumor that grows rapidly. The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of the residual tumor using the nude mouse model. METHODS Human colon cancer cells (colo201 or colo320DM) were implanted subcutaneous into nude mice. We then removed more than one-half of the tumor with an electrocautery snare or a surgical knife, and compared the tumor growth rate with that of control tumors. Before and after resection, we examined the Ki-67 labeling index of the tumors with an immunohistochemical assay and mRNA expression for epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor alpha. RESULTS Residual tumors showed a higher growth rate in tumor volume than control tumors using both methods (electrocautery snare and surgical knife). Colo201 groups showed a higher total volume change per day than colo320DM groups after resection. Furthermore, these tumors also showed a higher Ki-7 labeling index, and a stronger epidermal growth factor receptor and transforming growth factor alpha mRNA expression than primary and control tumors in the colo201 implanted groups. There was no significant difference in vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression between groups implanted with colo201 or colo320DM. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that residual tumors caused by incomplete endoscopic mucosal resection may have a higher growth potential than the tumors before resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kunihiro
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan
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