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Orjuela AG, Parra-Arango JL, Sarmiento-Rubiano LA. Bovine leptospirosis: effects on reproduction and an approach to research in Colombia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:251. [PMID: 35943610 PMCID: PMC9360731 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis worldwide, causing severe effects on beef and dairy cattle farming and other livestock. Colombia geographical location in the tropical zone, high biodiversity, and climatic conditions promote Leptospira growth and prevalence. This review article presents state-of-the-art knowledge about the effects of leptospirosis on bovine reproduction and a critical analysis of the research carried out in Colombia. The analysis of the information allows us to infer a sustained increase in prevalence over the last decade in the densest livestock production areas and a high serovar diversity of circulating pathogenic Leptospira. Given the zoonotic nature of leptospirosis, an inter-institutional effort is required to implement prevention, control, and monitoring programs under one-health concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Góngora Orjuela
- Grupo de Investigación en Reproducción y Genética Animal (Reproduction and Animal Genetics Research Group, GIRGA), Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia.
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2
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Avila-Granados LM, Garcia-Gonzalez DG, Zambrano-Varon JL, Arenas-Gamboa AM. Brucellosis in Colombia: Current Status and Challenges in the Control of an Endemic Disease. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:321. [PMID: 31616678 PMCID: PMC6768962 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonosis of nearly worldwide distribution. The disease is considered to be endemic in most of the developing countries with a substantial impact on both human and animal health as well as on the economy. The aim of this scoping review is to provide an overview of the brucellosis status in Colombia and the factors associated with its persistence, to highlight the strengths and gaps of the adopted countermeasures and to supply evidence to policy-makers on the best approaches to mitigate the disease burden. Due to the presence of brucellosis in several susceptible production livestock systems scattered throughout the country, a plan for its control, prevention and eradication was established almost 20 years ago. However, despite extensive efforts, brucellosis prevalence has fluctuated over the years without any trend of decreasing. The restricted budget allocated for brucellosis control is a limiting factor for the success of the program. For instance, the absence of indemnities for farmers results in infected animals remaining on farms which potentially increases the risk of disease spread. Likewise, disease surveillance is restricted to Brucella abortus and excludes other Brucella species of importance, such as B. melitensis and B. suis. The countermeasures are mostly focused on cattle and only a few actions are in place for the management of brucellosis in other livestock species. In humans, cases of brucellosis are annually diagnosed, although the disease remains highly underreported. High impact educational and training programs are required to address the disease in a comprehensive manner, including vulnerable groups, such as traditional smallholders and low-productivity regions, as well as other stakeholders, such as healthcare and veterinary authorities. Important financial investments based on sustained cooperation between governmental institutions, industry, and farmers are important for developing affordable and effective strategies to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Avila-Granados
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Daniel G Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jorge L Zambrano-Varon
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Angela M Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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3
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Silveira CDS, Fraga M, Giannitti F, Macías-Rioseco M, Riet-Correa F. Diagnosis of Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis in South America. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:321. [PMID: 30619902 PMCID: PMC6302017 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a venereal infectious disease that affects reproduction. It is caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis (Cfv), which may include the biotype intermedius. The bull is a lifelong asymptomatic carrier and transmitter of the disease. In females Cfv may cause infertility and sporadic abortion. The objective of this study is to review and discuss methods for the diagnosis of BGC, its prevalence and economic impact in South America. BGC is a worldwide distributed disease and can cause a pregnancy rate decrease of 15-25%. The farm prevalence of BGC in different regions of South American countries shows a variation between 2.3 and 100%. Discrepancies may depend on the differences on sanitary, management, and reproductive practices between farms and regions, but also on the interpretation of different diagnostic tests. Currently known laboratory tests include bacterial culture, direct immunofluorescence, immunoenzymatic assays, vaginal mucus agglutination test, PCR-based methods, histology and immunohistochemistry, which are applied and interpreted in diagnostic laboratories at different scales. Epidemiologic data of BGC in South America should be interpreted with caution. High prevalence has been reported in some studies, although the low specificity of the diagnostic tests used could lead to an overestimation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline da Silva Silveira
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Martin Fraga
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Federico Giannitti
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Melissa Macías-Rioseco
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Plataforma de Salud Animal, Estación Experimental INIA La Estanzuela, Colonia, Uruguay
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Pacheco-Montealegre M, Patiño RE, Torres L, Jiménez S, Rodríguez JL, Caro-Quintero A. The draft genome of Brucella abortus strain Ba col-B012, isolated from a dairy farm in Nariño, Colombia, bring new insights into the epidemiology of biovar 4 strains. Stand Genomic Sci 2017; 12:89. [PMID: 29299109 PMCID: PMC5741917 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-017-0299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Pacheco-Montealegre
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica. Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera - Bogotá, Cundinamarca Colombia
| | - Rocío E Patiño
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica. Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera - Bogotá, Cundinamarca Colombia
| | - Ligia Torres
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica. Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera - Bogotá, Cundinamarca Colombia
| | - Sabrina Jiménez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica. Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera - Bogotá, Cundinamarca Colombia
| | - José Luis Rodríguez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica. Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera - Bogotá, Cundinamarca Colombia
| | - Alejandro Caro-Quintero
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica. Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera - Bogotá, Cundinamarca Colombia
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More S, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Candiani D, Beltrán-Beck B, Kohnle L, Bicout D. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): bovine genital campylobacteriosis. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04990. [PMID: 32625287 PMCID: PMC7010193 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine genital campylobacteriosis has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of bovine genital campylobacteriosis to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of bovine genital campylobacteriosis according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to bovine genital campylobacteriosis. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, bovine genital campylobacteriosis can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL. The disease would comply with the criteria as in sections 4 and 5 of Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (d) and (e) of Article 9(1). The assessment here performed on compliance with the criteria as in section 3 of Annex IV referred to in point (c) of Article 9(1) is inconclusive. The animal species to be listed for bovine genital campylobacteriosis according to Article 8(3) criteria is mainly cattle as susceptible and reservoir.
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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Brucella seropositivity in dairy and mixed cattle herds from Ecuador. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:197-203. [PMID: 28952067 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
An extensive cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence of and associated risk factors for Brucella infection was performed in dairy and mixed (dairy-beef) cattle herds in Ecuador. A total of 2666 serum samples from 386 farms were analyzed using Rose Bengal test and a blocking ELISA test. In addition, a questionnaire with 57 variables related to management, feeding, facilities, biosecurity, and animal health was filled in every cattle farm. A Generalized Estimating Equations model was used to determine the factors associated with Brucella seropositivity. The true prevalence of Brucella seropositivity in dairy and mixed cattle from Ecuador reached 17.0% (CI95% 15.6-18.4%). The herd prevalence was 45.1% (174/386) (CI95% 40.1-50.1%), and the within-herd prevalence ranged from 10 to 100% (mean 38.9%; Q1 14.3%, Q2 26.8%, Q3 52.5%). Seven factors were included in the GEE model for Brucella seropositivity: the nominal variables sex (OR 2.03; CI95% 1.32-3.13), herd type (dairy) (OR 1.79; CI95% 1.11-2.87), closed facilities in the farm (OR 1.80; CI95% 1.19-2.74), and ad libitum feeding (OR: 0.32; CI95%: 0.19-0.54), and the quantitative variables age (OR 1.005; CI95% 1.001-1.009), average slope in the farm (%) (OR 1.013; CI95% 1.002-1.024), and annual abortion rate (OR 1.016; CI95% 1.002-1.031). This study remarks the high spread of Brucella infection in cattle farms from Ecuador. In addition, it reports the risk factors associated to this infection in the predominant extensive system existent in this country.
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Michi AN, Favetto PH, Kastelic J, Cobo ER. A review of sexually transmitted bovine trichomoniasis and campylobacteriosis affecting cattle reproductive health. Theriogenology 2015; 85:781-791. [PMID: 26679515 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective is to discuss sexually transmitted diseases caused by Tritrichomonas foetus (T foetus) and Campylobacter fetus (C fetus) subsp. venerealis, with a focus on prevalence, pathogenesis, and diagnosis in cows and bulls. Diagnosis and control are problematic because these diseases cause severe reproductive losses in cows, but in bulls are clinically asymptomatic, which allows the disease to flourish, especially in the absence of legislated control programs. We review research regarding prophylactic systemic immunization of bulls and cows with antigens of T foetus and C fetus venerealis and their efficacy in preventing or clearing preexisting infections in the genital tract. Current diagnostic methods of C fetus venerealis and T foetus (microbial culture and PCR) should be improved. Review of the latest advances in bovine trichomoniasis and campylobacteriosis should promote knowledge and provide an impetus to pursue further efforts to control bovine sexually transmitted diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey N Michi
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pedro H Favetto
- Private Veterinarian (Dairy Veterinary Services), Escalon, California, USA
| | - John Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eduardo R Cobo
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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González-Carmona LC, Sánchez-Ladino MJ, Castañeda-Salazar R, Pulido-Villamarín ADP, Guáqueta-Munar H, Aranda-Silva M, Rueda-Varón MJ. Determination of presence of Tritrichomonas foetus in uterine lavages from cows with reproductive problems. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2012; 21:201-5. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612012000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Tritrichomonasfoetus in two dairy herds on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense. Twenty-one low-volume uterine lavages from cows with a history of reproductive problems in two dairy herds located in the municipality of Sibaté (Cundinamarca) and Ventaquemada (Boyacá) were evaluated. In the first herd, 10 cows were sampled and in the second, 11 cows, based on three inclusion criteria. The uterine lavages were obtained through infusion of physiological saline solution into the uterine body. The samples were centrifuged and seeded in Tritrichomonas basal medium for 10-15 days at 37 ºC. The protozoa were evaluated on the day of sampling and 10 and 15 days after incubation by means of direct viewing under a dark-field microscope. Positive samples were stained with Wright and Lugol to identify the morphological characteristics. This study showed that T. foetus was present in 61.8% of the animals sampled. The determination that T. foetus was present in 61.8% of the samples analyzed is a significant finding given that in the herds evaluated, this agent had not previously been diagnosed.
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McMillen L, Lew AE. Improved detection of Tritrichomonas foetus in bovine diagnostic specimens using a novel probe-based real time PCR assay. Vet Parasitol 2006; 141:204-15. [PMID: 16860481 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Revised: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A Tritrichomonas foetus-specific 5' Taq nuclease assay using a 3' minor groove binder-DNA probe (TaqMan MGB) targeting conserved regions of the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) was developed and compared to established diagnostic procedures. Specificity of the assay was evaluated using bovine venereal microflora and a range of related trichomonad species. Assay sensitivity was evaluated with log(10) dilutions of known numbers of cells, and compared to that for microscopy following culture (InPouch TF test kit) and the conventional TFR3-TFR4 PCR assay. The 5' Taq nuclease assay detected a single cell per assay from smegma or mucus which was 2500-fold or 250-fold more sensitive than microscopy following selective culture from smegma or mucus respectively, and 500-fold more sensitive than culture followed by conventional PCR assay. The sensitivity of the conventional PCR assay was comparable to the 5' Taq nuclease assay when testing purified DNA extracted from clinical specimens, whereas the 5' Taq nuclease assay sensitivity improved using crude cell lysates, which were not suitable as template for the conventional PCR assay. Urine was evaluated as a diagnostic specimen providing improved and equivalent levels of T. foetus detection in spiked urine by both microscopy following culture and direct 5' Taq nuclease detection, respectively, compared with smegma and mucus, however inconclusive results were obtained with urine samples from the field study. Diagnostic specimens (n=159) were collected from herds with culture positive animals and of the 14 animals positive by 5' Taq nuclease assay, 3 were confirmed by selective culture/microscopy detection (Fisher's exact test P<0.001). The 5' Taq nuclease assay described here demonstrated superior sensitivity to traditional culture/microscopy and offers advantages over the application of conventional PCR for the detection of T. foetus in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyle McMillen
- Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Locked Mail Bag No. 4, Moorooka, 4105 Qld, Australia
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