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Sheikh TA, Rahman MM, Asiri AM, Marwani HM. Sensitive 3-chlorophenol sensor development based on facile Er2O3/CuO nanomaterials for environmental safety. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00098k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low-dimensional Er2O3/CuO nanomaterials were synthesized by wet-chemical process and totally characterized with various conventional methods. The electrochemical approach could be a pioneer development in selective 3-CP sensor development using doped nano-structural materials by an electrochemical method for the various phenolic sensor applications for environmental safety in broad scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ali Sheikh
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Rahman
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi M. Marwani
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
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2
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He H, Zhuang Y, Peng Y, Gao Z, Yang S, Sun C. Solid-phase microextraction based on polyaniline doped with perfluorooctanesulfonic acid coupled to HPLC for the quantitative determination of chlorophenols in water samples. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:427-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of the Environment; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of the Environment; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of the Environment; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Zhanqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of the Environment; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of the Environment; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse; School of the Environment; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
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3
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Michel M, Chimuka L, Kowalkowski T, Cukrowska EM, Buszewski B. Prediction of extraction efficiency in supported liquid membrane with a stagnant acceptor phase by means of artificial neural network. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:986-91. [PMID: 23378188 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An artificial neural network model of supported liquid membrane extraction process with a stagnant acceptor phase is proposed. Triazine herbicides and phenolic compounds were used as model compounds. The model is able to predict the compound extraction efficiency within the same family based on the octanol-water partition coefficient, water solubility, molecular mass and ionisation constant of the compound. The network uses the back-propagation algorithm for evaluating the connection strengths representing the correlations between inputs (octanol-water partition coefficients logP, acid dissociation constant pK(a), water solubility and molecular weight) and outputs (extraction efficiency in dihexyl ether and undecane as organic solvents). The model predicted results in good agreement with the experimental data and the average deviations for all the cases are found to be smaller than ±3%. Moreover, standard statistical methods were applied for exploration of relationships between studied parameters.
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4
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On-line coupling of a clean-up device with supported liquid membrane to capillary electrophoresis for direct injection and analysis of serum and plasma samples. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1234:2-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Determination of phenols in waters by stir membrane liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2176-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Feng YD, Tan ZQ, Liu JF. Development of a static and exhaustive extraction procedure for field passive preconcentration of chlorophenols in environmental waters with hollow fiber-supported liquid membrane. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:965-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Chimuka L, Msagati TA, Cukrowska E, Tutu H. Critical parameters in a supported liquid membrane extraction technique for ionizable organic compounds with a stagnant acceptor phase. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2318-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Shi YA, Chen MZ, Muniraj S, Jen JF. Microwave-assisted headspace controlled temperature liquid-phase microextraction of chlorophenols from aqueous samples for gas chromatography-electron capture detection. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1207:130-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Mixed hemimicelles solid-phase extraction based on cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-coated nano-magnets Fe3O4 for the determination of chlorophenols in environmental water samples coupled with liquid chromatography/spectrophotometry detection. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1180:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Chimuka L, Nemutandani T, Cukrowska E, Tutu H. Performance optimization of a membrane assisted passive sampler for monitoring of ionizable organic compounds in water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:129-35. [DOI: 10.1039/b713072d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Hyötyläinen T. Principles, developments and applications of on-line coupling of extraction with chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1153:14-28. [PMID: 17196971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2006] [Revised: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
On-line coupling of extraction and chromatographic separation allows the whole analysis to be performed in a closed system. On-line systems are particularly useful when the analytes are labile, the amount of sample is limited, or very high sensitivity is required. Many on-line systems have been developed both for liquid and for solid samples. This review discusses the different instruments that have been constructed and the factors that need to be considered in the coupling. Selected illustrative applications are described to illustrate the potential of the on-line systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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12
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Peng JF, Liu JF, Hu XL, Jiang GB. Direct determination of chlorophenols in environmental water samples by hollow fiber supported ionic liquid membrane extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1139:165-70. [PMID: 17113589 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8MIM][PF6]) ionic liquid was immobilized in the pores of a polypropylene hollow fiber for hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction. Analytes including 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 3-chorophenol (3-CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) were extracted into this ionic liquid membrane, and back extracted into 10microL sodium hydroxide acceptor solution in the lumen of the hollow fiber. Then, the acceptor solution was withdrawn into the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) microsyringe connected to the hollow fiber, and directly injected into the HPLC system for analysis. Some parameters that might affect the extraction efficiency were optimized, and low detection limits (0.5microgL(-1) for 4-CP, 3-CP, DCP and 1.0microgL(-1) for TCP) were obtained. Good repeatability was achieved because of the stability of the hollow fiber-supported ionic liquid membrane. The proposed procedure was applied for direct determination of the four chlorophenols in some real water samples including groundwater, river water, wastewater and tap water. All of the four chlorophenols in these water samples were under the limits of determination, and the recoveries were in the range of 70.0-95.7% at 5microgL(-1) spiked level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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13
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Jin M, Zhu Y. Ion chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of trace chlorophenols in clam tissues. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1118:111-7. [PMID: 16600257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel analytical method has been developed for the determination of 14 trace chlorophenols in clam tissues by ion chromatography (IC) coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) in the negative mode. The method comprised a fast ultrasound-assisted extraction using a mixture of methanol/water (4:1v/v) containing 5% triethylamine (TEA) as extraction solvent, solid-phase extraction with an Oasis HLB cartridge and gradient separation using KOH/acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min on an IonPac AG11 guard column (50 mm x 4.0 mm I.D.) and an IonPac AS11 analytical column (250 mm x 4.0 mm I.D.). The molecular ions m/z [M-H](-) 127, 129; 161, 163; 195, 197 and 263, 265, 267 were selected for quantification in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode for monochlorophenols (MCPs), dichlorophenols (DCPs), trichlorophenols (TCPs) and pentachlorophenol (PCP), respectively. The average recoveries of the objective compounds spiked in clam tissues were between 80.2% and 98.2%. Within-day and day-to-day relative standard deviations were less than 12.6% and 13.2%, respectively. The optimum IC-APCI-MS conditions were successfully applied to the analyses of 14 trace chlorophenols in clam tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
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14
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Simultaneous determination of nine trace mono- and di-chlorophenols in water by ion chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Thörneby L, Mathiasson L, Mårtensson L, Hogland W. The performance of a natural treatment system for landfill leachate with special emphasis on the fate of organic pollutants. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2006; 24:183-94. [PMID: 16634233 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x06063348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A natural treatment system for the treatment of leachate was studied at Moskogen landfill in southern Sweden. This facility consists of three consecutive ponds and a soil-plant (SP)-system. A test area, receiving water from the third pond with the same hydraulic load as the SP-system, was used for estimation of the latter system. Quality parameters including biochemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, ammonium, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total suspended solids along the treatment line were determined as well as soluble metals (Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr, Ni, and Pb). In addition a thorough investigation along the treatment line has also been performed concerning volatile organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds. Non-polar organic compounds were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Quantification was based on the assumption of equal response for the compounds found in comparison with the chosen marker substances. For polar, water-soluble compounds the measurements were restricted to phenolic compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography. Several different types of organic compounds were found in the raw leachate including aromatics, benzene-sulfonamides, biphenyls, naphthalene, organic phosphates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phenols and phthalates. The treatment system efficiently reduced organic pollutants, heavy metals, and nitrogen/phosphorous compounds. Most metals and organic compounds in the leachate were already significantly reduced to a low level in the treatment ponds and ammonium-N was efficiently transformed to nitrate-N in the SP-system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Thörneby
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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16
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Tudorache M, Emnéus J. A micro-immuno supported liquid membrane assay (μ-ISLMA). Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 21:1513-20. [PMID: 16102960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2005.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Revised: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A chemiluminescent (CL) based micro-immuno supported liquid membrane assay (mu-ISLMA) has been developed that enables clean up, enrichment and detection of simazine in a single miniaturised cartridge system. The mu-ISLM cartridge contains a supported liquid membrane (SLM) sandwiched between a donor and an acceptor plate (channel volumes 1.65 microL), the latter being covered by a thin layer of gold on to which anti-simazine antibodies were covalently immobilised via a self assembled monolayer (SAM) of either dithiobis(11-aminoundecane, hydrochloride) (DTAU) or beta-mercaptoethylamine (beta-MEA). The mu-ISLMA based on DTAU was characterised by both a high apparent extraction efficiency (E(app) = 136%) and high apparent enrichment factor (E(e)(app) = 544), which resulted in a very high sensitivity for simazine (LOD = 0.1 ng L(-1)). The paper discusses the influence of the different SAMs and three different anti-simazine-antibody preparations (polyclonal, affinity purified polyclonal and monoclonal) on the extraction parameters and assay sensitivity. The influence of the sample matrix (e.g. mineral water, orange juice and milk) on the simazine mu-ISLMA was also investigated.
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17
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Khrolenko MV, Wieczorek PP. Determination of glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid in fruit juices using supported-liquid membrane preconcentration method with high-performance liquid chromatography and UV detection after derivatization with p-toluenesulphonyl chloride. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1093:111-7. [PMID: 16233876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2005] [Revised: 07/14/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The application of supported-liquid membrane (SLM) technique for effective extraction of N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate) and its primary metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) from juices (orange, grapefruit, apple and blackcurrant) in combination with HPLC-UV detection after derivatization with p-toluenesulphonyl chloride (TsCl) is presented. The influence of various parameters such as the composition of acceptor phase, flow-rate, concentration of analytes, on the performance of extraction procedure, was studied. It was shown that by appropriate manipulation of SLM parameters the level of detection could be significantly improved. The influence of SLM conditions on extraction efficiency of studied compounds was also discussed. Selection of the optimal conditions enable detection of glyphosate and AMPA in juices at concentrations as low as 0.025 mg/l. The calculated recoveries for glyphosate were-71.1, 72.1, 93.6, and 102.7% and for AMPA-64.1, 64.6, 81.7, and 89.2%, for orange, grapefruit, apple and blackcurrant juices, respectively. The results suggest that the application of SLM extraction as a method for glyphosate and AMPA enrichment from complicated liquid matrices may be useful mean of routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V Khrolenko
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, PL-45-052 Opole, Poland
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Schellin M, Popp P. Membrane-assisted solvent extraction of seven phenols combined with large volume injection-gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1072:37-43. [PMID: 15881457 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-assisted solvent extraction (MASE) was applied for the determination of seven phenols (phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chloro-3-methylphenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) with log Kow (octanol-water-partition-coefficient) between 1.46 (phenol) and 5.12 (pentachlorophenol) in water. The extraction solvents cyclohexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform were tested and ethyl acetate proved to be the best choice. The optimisation of extraction conditions showed the necessity of adding 5 g of sodium chloride to each aqueous sample to give a saturated solution (333 g/L). The pH-value of the sample was adjusted to 2 in order to convert all compounds into their neutral form. An extraction time of 60 min was found to be optimal. Under these conditions the recovery of phenol, the most polar compound, was 11%. The recoveries of the other analytes ranged between 42% (2-chlorophenol) and 98% (2,4-dichlorophenol). Calibration was performed using large volume injection (100 microL injection volume). At optimised conditions the limits of detection were between 0.01 and 0.6 microg/L and the relative standard deviation (n = 3) was on average about 10%. After the method optimisation with reagent water membrane-assisted solvent extraction was applied to two contaminated ground water samples from the region of Bitterfeld in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The results demonstrate the good applicability of membrane-assisted solvent extraction for polar analytes like phenols, without the necessity of derivatisation or a difficult and time-consuming sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Schellin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UFZ-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Liu JF, Jönsson JA, Mayer P. Equilibrium Sampling through Membranes of Freely Dissolved Chlorophenols in Water Samples with Hollow Fiber Supported Liquid Membrane. Anal Chem 2005; 77:4800-9. [PMID: 16053291 DOI: 10.1021/ac0503512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The freely dissolved concentration (C(free)) of pollutants is generally believed to be bioavailable and thus responsible for toxic effects. The C(free) of organic weak acids and bases consists of a dissociated and a nondissociated fraction. By using chlorophenols as model compounds, a negligible-depletion extraction technique, equilibrium sampling through membranes (ESTM), was developed for the measurement of the nondissociated part of the C(free). Polypropylene hollow fiber membranes (280-microm i.d., 50-microm wall thickness, 0.1-microm pore size, 15-cm length) were impregnated with undecane in the pores in the fiber wall as liquid membrane and filled with buffer solution in the lumen as acceptor. Then, the hollow fiber membranes were placed into the sample (donor) for an equilibrium extraction after sealing the two ends. The chlorophenol concentrations in the acceptor were then determined by direct injection into a HPLC system. Finally, the C(free) of the nondissociated and the dissociated species of a chlorophenol were calculated based on its measured concentration in the acceptor, its pK(a) value, and the measured pH in sample and acceptor. Theoretically calculated distribution coefficients (D = 8-970) agree well with the experimental enrichment factors (E(e(max)) = 6-1124), and the equilibration time was observed to increase with increasing distribution coefficients (hours to days). The freely dissolved concentration of five chlorophenols, with a wide range of pK(a) (4.9-9.2) and log K(ow) (2.35-5.24), were successfully determined in model solutions of humic acids and at low-ppb levels in river and leachate water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-fu Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Zhou Q, Liu J, Jiang G, Liu G, Cai Y. Sensitivity enhancement of chlorinated phenols by continuous flow liquid membrane extraction followed by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2004; 27:576-80. [PMID: 15335043 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200301632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a new analytical system, based on the combination of continuous flow liquid membrane extraction (CFLME) enrichment and capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation, for analysis of chlorinated phenols in water samples. Five chlorinated phenols including 3-chlorophenol (3CP), 4-chlorophenol (4CP) 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) were separated by CE with Tris/sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution containing methanol 1% (v/v) as the run buffer. CFLME related parameters were investigated and optimal enrichment was obtained by using 0.3 mol L(-1) Tris as acceptor and with a sample pH 5.0, a sample flow rate of 4.0 mL min(-1), and an enrichment sample volume of 150 mL. The detection limit (S/N= 3) was 6.9, 1.0, and 1.7 ng mL(-1) for DCP, PCP, and TCP, respectively. The reproducibility (RSD%, n = 6) was 5.7 for DCP, 2.5 for PCP, and 2.8% for TCP (n = 6). The proposed method was applied to the determination of chlorinated phenols in spiked water samples with relatively satisfactory recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
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Liu JF, Liang X, Chi YG, Jiang GB, Cai YQ, Zhou QX, Liu GG. High performance liquid chromatography determination of chlorophenols in water samples after preconcentration by continuous flow liquid membrane extraction on-line coupled with a precolumn. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chimuka L, Cukrowska E, Soko L, Naicker K. Supported-liquid membrane extraction as a selective sample preparation technique for monitoring uranium in complex matrix samples. J Sep Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200390082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jung V, Chimuka L, Jönsson JÅ, Niedack N, Bowens P, Alsanius B. Supported liquid membrane extraction for identification of phenolic compounds in the nutrient solution of closed hydroponic growing systems for tomato. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sandahl M, Mathiasson L, Jönsson JA. On-line automated sample preparation for liquid chromatography using parallel supported liquid membrane extraction and microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction. J Chromatogr A 2002; 975:211-7. [PMID: 12458761 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An automated system was developed for analysis of non-polar and polar ionisable compounds at trace levels in natural water. Sample work-up was performed in a flow system using two parallel membrane extraction units. This system was connected on-line to a reversed-phase HPLC system for final determination. One of the membrane units was used for supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction, which is suitable for ionisable or permanently charged compounds. The other unit was used for microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (MMLLE) suitable for uncharged compounds. The fungicide thiophanate methyl and its polar metabolites carbendazim and 2-aminobenzimidazole were used as model compounds. The whole system was controlled by means of four syringe pumps. While extracting one part of the sample using the SLM technique. the extract from the MMLLE extraction was analysed and vice versa. This gave a total analysis time of 63 min for each sample resulting in a sample throughput of 22 samples per 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Sandahl
- TH School of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 882, S-251 08 Helsingborg, Sweden
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Chao JB, Liu JF, Wen MJ, Liu JM, Cai YQ, Jiang GB. Determination of sulfonylurea herbicides by continuous-flow liquid membrane extraction on-line coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 955:183-9. [PMID: 12075921 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
On-line coupling continuous-flow liquid membrane extraction (CFLME) with HPLC, a novel automatic system was developed for the determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in water. After an automatic trace-enrichment process by CFLME, which is the combination of continuous flow liquid-liquid extraction and support liquid membrane (SLM) extraction, the target analytes were concentrated in 50 microl of 0.2 M Na2CO3-NaHCO3 (pH 10.0) buffer. The concentrated sample solutions were injected directly onto a C18 analytical column with a valve, and detected at 240 nm with a diode array detector. Metsulfuron methyl (MSM), and DPX-A 7881 were baseline separated with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 67 mM KH2PO4-Na2HPO4 (pH 5.91) buffer (45+55, v+v) at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml min(-1). With an enrichment time of 10 min and enrichment sample volume of 20 ml, the enrichment factors and detection limits are 100 and 0.05 microg l(-1) for MSM, and 96 and 0.1 microg l(-1) for DPX-A 7881, respectively. The linear range and precision (RSD) are 0.1-50 microg l(-1) and 7.0% for MSM, and 0.2-50 microg l(-1) and 9.2% for DPX-A 7881, respectively. This proposed method was applied to determine MSM and DPX-A 7881 in seawater, tap water, and bottled mineral water with spiked recoveries in the range of 83-95% for MSM and 88-100% for DPX-A 7881, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Chao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
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Liu JF, Chao JB, Jiang GB. Continuous flow liquid membrane extraction: a novel automatic trace-enrichment technique based on continuous flow liquid–liquid extraction combined with supported liquid membrane. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chapter 15 Liquid membrane techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(02)80052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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29
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Parthasarathy N, Pelletier M, Tercier-Waeber ML, Buffle J. On-Line Coupling of Flow Through Voltammetric Microcell to Hollow Fiber Permeation Liquid Membrane Device for Subnanomolar Trace Metal Speciation Measurements. ELECTROANAL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200111)13:16<1305::aid-elan1305>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fernández Laespada ME, Calvo Seronero L, Pérez Pavón JL, García Pinto C, Moreno Cordero B. Comparative study of silicone and microporous membranes for the separation of some phenols prior to high performance liquid chromatography analysis. J Sep Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20010801)24:7<526::aid-jssc526>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cordero BM, Pérez Pavón JL, García Pinto C, Fernández Laespada ME, Carabias Martínez R, Rodriguez Gonzalo E. Analytical applications of membrane extraction in chromatography and electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2000; 902:195-204. [PMID: 11192155 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00835-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An overview of the analytical applications of membrane-based systems for sample enrichment in chromatography and capillary electrophoresis is presented. A brief introduction to the different types of membranes and the main forces related to the transport through them is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Cordero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain.
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Abstract
Sample preparation techniques based on non-porous membrane extraction generally offer a high degree of selectivity and enrichment power, together with convenient possibilities for direct and automated connections to chromatographic and other analytical instruments. In this review principles and applications for techniques as supported liquid membrane extraction, microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction, polymeric membrane extraction and membrane extraction with a sorbent interface are described and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Jönsson
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden.
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Abstract
The possible application of the supported liquid membrane (SLM) technique for the extraction of glyphosate is presented. For the extraction of this compound the SLM system has been applied with utilisation of Aliquat 336 as a cationic carrier incorporated into the membrane phase. The extraction efficiency of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] is dependent on the donor phase pH, carrier concentration in the organic phase and NaCl concentration in the acceptor phase. The optimal extraction conditions are: donor phase pH>11, acceptor phase of 2 M NaCl solution and the organic phase composed of 20% (w/w) Aliquot 336 solution in di-hexyl ether. Counter-coupled transport of chloride anions from the acceptor phase to the donor phase is a driving force of the mass transfer in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dzygiel
- University of Opole, Institute of Chemistry, Poland
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36
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Chimuka L, Mathiasson L, Jönsson JÅ. Role of octanol–water partition coefficients in extraction of ionisable organic compounds in a supported liquid membrane with a stagnant acceptor. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)00853-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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37
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van de Merbel NC. Membrane-based sample preparation coupled on-line to chromatography or electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1999; 856:55-82. [PMID: 10526784 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A review on the use of membranes for on-line sample preparation prior to chromatographic and electrophoretic analysis is provided. The current state-of-the-art of four membrane-based techniques (dialysis, electrodialysis, filtration and membrane extraction) is described by reviewing their principles and applications. Possible future developments are discussed.
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Megersa N, Solomon T, Jönsson JÅ. Supported liquid membrane extraction for sample work-up and preconcentration of methoxy-s-triazine herbicides in a flow system. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Norberg J, Zander Å, Jönsson JÅ. Fully automated on-line supported liquid membrane-liquid chromatographic determination of aniline derivates in environmental waters. Chromatographia 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02496365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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42
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Sample Handling Techniques (Extraction and Clean-up of Samples). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(97)80005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Knutsson M, Nilvé G, Mathiasson L, Jönsson JÅ. Supported liquid membranes for sampling and sample preparation of pesticides in water. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Knutsson M, Lundh J, Mathiasson L, Jönsson JÅ, Sundin P. Supported Liquid Membranes for the Extraction of Phenolic Acids from Circulating Nutrient Solutions. ANAL LETT 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719608001509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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