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Frenzel W, Markeviciute I. Membrane-based sample preparation for ion chromatography—Techniques, instrumental configurations and applications. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1479:1-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Torto N, Mmualefe LC, Mwatseteza JF, Nkoane B, Chimuka L, Nindi MM, Ogunfowokan AO. Sample preparation for chromatography: An African perspective. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1153:1-13. [PMID: 17459398 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Africa as a continent has its unique challenges for analytical chemists in sample preparation for chromatographic analyses. The areas of agriculture, environment, food and health provide formidable challenges when it comes to method development, for example, drought can result in inadequate supplies of good quality water. The testing of water quality necessitates the development of assay methods that can be employed to not only determine the quantities of pesticides associated with malaria and tsetse fly eradication programmes, but also to monitor mycotoxins or neurotoxins. Urbanisation has also meant that endocrine disruptors such as phthalate esters need to be monitored. This review will profile some of the activities by analytical chemists practising in the African continent, who seek to address some of the challenges in sample preparation for chromatographic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Torto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, P/Bag UB 00704, Gaborone, Botswana.
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Fast response filter module with plug flow of filtrate for on-line sampling from submerged cultures of filamentous fungi. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Buttler T, Gorton L, Jarskog H, Marko-Varga G, Hahn-HäGerdal B, Meinander N, Olsson L. Monitoring of ethanol during fermentation of a lignocellulose hydrolysate by on-line microdialysis sampling, column liquid chromatography, and an alcohol biosensor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 44:322-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260440309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Richardson S, Gorton L. Characterisation of the substituent distribution in starch and cellulose derivatives. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Thompson JE, Vickroy TW, Kennedy RT. Rapid determination of aspartate enantiomers in tissue samples by microdialysis coupled on-line with capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chem 1999; 71:2379-84. [PMID: 10405606 DOI: 10.1021/ac981115c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis was coupled on-line with derivatization by o-phthalaldehyde and beta-mercaptoethanol and optically gated capillary electrophoresis to determine D- and L-aspartate in tissue samples obtained from rats. The microdialysis probe was inserted into a homogenized tissue sample which allowed generation of a continuous sample stream that was filtered and deproteinated. With 7.5 mM beta-cyclodextrin (CD) in the electrophoresis buffer, the enantiomers of interest could be resolved in 3 s with an electric field of 2500 V/cm over a separation length of 15 mm. Values of D- and L-aspartate in different tissues agreed well with those obtained by an HPLC procedure that required protein precipitation, centrifugation, and extraction. The speed and compatibility with automation of the microdialysis/CE method may make it a general approach for a variety of applications involving high-throughput analysis or sensorlike operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-7200, USA
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Torto N, Laurell T, Gorton L, Marko-Varga G. Recent trends in the application of microdialysis in bioprocesses1This paper has previously been published in vol. 374/2-3 of Analytica Chimica Acta. PII of original manuscript: PII S0003-2670(98)00404-8.1. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Torto N, Laurell T, Gorton L, Marko-Varga G. Recent trends in the application of microdialysis in bioprocesses. Anal Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Simultaneous monitoring of glucose and l-lactic acid during a fermentation process in an aqueous two-phase system by on-line FIA with microdialysis sampling and dual biosensor detection. Anal Chim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mannino S, Brenna O, Buratti S, Cosio MS. Microdialysis-bioreactor for on-line monitoring of glucose in food samples. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140091707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zhi ZL, Rios A, Valcarcel M. Direct Processing and Analysis of Solid and Other Complex Samples with Automatic Flow Injection Systems. Crit Rev Anal Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/10408349608050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Evaluation of detection and sample clean-up techniques for on- and off-line fermentation monitoring systems. Anal Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(96)00024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mannino S, Cosio MS, Zimei P. Microdialysis sampling and high performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection for sugar analysis in milk products. ELECTROANAL 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140080410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Buttler T, Nilsson C, Gorton L, Marko-Varga G, Laurell T. Membrane characterisation and performance of microdialysis probes intended for use as bioprocess sampling units. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)01120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Torto N, Marko-Varga G, Gorton L, Stålbrand H, Tjerneld F. On-line quantitation of enzymatic mannan hydrolysates in small-volume bioreactors by microdialysis sampling and column liquid chromatography-integrated pulsed electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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van de Merbel N, Lingeman H, Brinkman U. Sampling and analytical strategies in on-line bioprocess monitoring and control. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(96)84622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Torto N, Buttler T, Gorton L, Marko-Varga G, Stålbrand H, Tjerneld F. Monitoring of enzymatic hydrolysis of ivory nut mannan using on-line microdialysis sampling and anion-exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed electrochemical detection. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(95)00071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Van De Merbel N, Zuur P, Frijlink M, Holthuis J, Lingeman H, Brinkman U. Automated monitoring of amino acids during fermentation processes using on-line ultrafiltration and column liquid chromatography: application to fermentation medium improvement. Anal Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)00512-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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van de Merbel NC, Ruijter GJG, Lingeman H, Brinkman UAT, Visser J. An automated monitoring system using on-line ultrafiltration and column liquid chromatography for Aspergillus niger fermentations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00167281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hansen KF, Lauritsen FR, Degn H. An on-line sampling system for fermentation monitoring Using membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS): Application to phenoxyacetic acid monitoring in penicillin fermentation. Biotechnol Bioeng 1994; 44:347-53. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260440312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Marko-Varga G, Johansson K, Gorton L. Enzyme-based biosensor as a selective detection unit in column liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1994; 660:153-67. [PMID: 8148989 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)85109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A reagentless enzyme electrode based on co-immobilized alcohol oxidase and horseradish peroxidase was used as the working electrode in an amperometric flow-through cell connected to a column liquid chromatographic (CLC) system for the selective detection of methanol and ethanol. The enzymes were covalently immobilized in carbon paste (graphite-phenylmethylsilicone oil) in the presence of polyethylenimine. Electrodes prepared from the enzyme-modified carbon paste were optimized with respect to their sensitivity and selectivity. Different membranes were cast or electropolymerized directly on the surface of the electrode to increase the long-term stability of the biosensor. The compatibility with the reversed-phase chromatographic system was established. A PLRP-S polymer-based separation column was used with phosphate buffer as the mobile phase. The selectivity of the enzyme electrode was also determined by injecting some easily oxidizable and possibly interfering species normally present in biological samples. The enzyme electrode was also used in an on-line system, consisting of a microdialysis probe as the sampling unit, the CLC system and the biosensor detection device, for the selective following of the ethanol produced when a paper pulp industrial waste water was fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marko-Varga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Lund, Sweden
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Buttler T, Gorton L, Marko-Varga G. Characterization of a sampling unit based on tangential flow filtration for on-line bioprocess monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0003-2670(93)85063-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mattiasson B, Håkanson H. Sampling and sample handling--crucial steps in process monitoring and control. Trends Biotechnol 1993; 11:136-42. [PMID: 7763646 DOI: 10.1016/0167-7799(93)90088-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sampling and sample handling are important considerations in the design of monitoring and control systems for bioreactors. Many factors must be considered in developing strategies for obtaining representative samples, thus ensuring that the status of the bioprocess can be evaluated rapidly, in a reproducible and reliable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mattiasson
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Sweden
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Marko-Varga GA. Chapter 7 Liquid Chromatographic Determination Of Phenols And Substituted Derivatives In Water Samples. TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(08)70127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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