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Akkaya A, Ensari Y, Ozseker EE, Batur OO, Buyuran G, Evran S. Recombinant Production and Biochemical Characterization of Thermostable Arabinofuranosidase from Acidothermophilic Alicyclobacillus Acidocaldarius. Protein J 2023:10.1007/s10930-023-10117-5. [PMID: 37119380 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The complete enzymatic degradation of lignocellulosic biomass requires the cooperative action of cellulosic, hemicellulosic, and lignolytic enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase, laccase, galactosidase, and arabinofuranosidase. Arabinofuranosidases (E.C 3.2.1.55), which belong to the glycoside hydrolase family of enzymes, hydrolyze the 1,3- and 1,5-α-arabinosyl bonds in L-arabinose- containing molecules. L-arabinoses are present in hemicellulosic part of lignocellulosic biomass. Arabinofuranosidases also play an important role in the complete hydrolysis of arabinoxylans. Analysis of the genome project and CAZY database revealed two putative arabinofuranosidase genes in the A. acidocaldarius genome. The aim of the study was cloning, heterologous expression, purification and biochemical characterization of the arabinofuranosidase enzyme encoded in A. acidocaldarius genome. For this purpose, the AbfA gene of the arabinofuranosidase protein was cloned into the pQE-40 vector, heterologously expressed in E. coli BL21 GOLD (DE3) and successfully purified using His-Tag. Biochemical characterization of the purified enzyme revealed that A. acidocaldarius arabinofuranosidase exhibited activity over a wide pH and temperature range with optimum activity at 45 ºC and pH 6.5 in phosphate buffer towards 4-nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside as the substrate. In addition, the enzyme is highly stable over wide range of temperature and maintaining 60% of its activity after 90 min of incubation at 80 ºC. Through the bioinformatics studies, the homology model of A. acidocaldarius arabinofuranosidase was generated and the substrate binding site and residues located in this site were identified. Further molecular docking analysis revealed that the substrate located in the catalytically active pose and, residues N174, E175, and E294 have direct interaction with 4-nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside. Moreover, based on phylogenetic analysis, A. acidocaldarius arabinofuranosidase exists in the sub-group of intracellular arabinofuranosidases, and G. stearothermophilus and B.subtilis arabinofuranosidases are close relatives of A. acidocaldarius arabinofuranosidase. This is the first study to report the gene cloning, recombinant expression and biochemical and bioinformatic characterization of an auxiliary GH51 arabinofuranosidase from an acidothermophilic bacterium A. acidocaldarius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Akkaya
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Yunus Ensari
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Bioengineering Department, Kafkas University, Kars, 36000, Turkey.
| | - Emine Erdogan Ozseker
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Ozge Ozsen Batur
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, 26480, Turkey
| | - Gozde Buyuran
- Vocational School of Health Services, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, 40100, Turkey
| | - Serap Evran
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
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Screening of a Novel Glycoside Hydrolase Family 51 α-L-Arabinofuranosidase from Paenibacillus polymyxa KF-1: Cloning, Expression, and Characterization. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus polymyxa exhibits remarkable hemicellulolytic activity. In the present study, 13 hemicellulose-degrading enzymes were identified from the secreted proteome of P. polymyxa KF-1 by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. α-L-arabinofuranosidase is an important member of hemicellulose-degrading enzymes. A novel α-L-arabinofuranosidase (PpAbf51b), belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 51, was identified from P. polymyxa. Recombinant PpAbf51b was produced in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and was found to be a tetramer using gel filtration chromatography. PpAbf51b hydrolyzed neutral arabinose-containing polysaccharides, including sugar beet arabinan, linear-1,5-α-L-arabinan, and wheat arabinoxylan, with L-arabinose as the main product. The products from hydrolysis indicate that PpAbf51b functions as an exo-α-L-arabinofuranosidase. Combining PpAbf51b and Trichoderma longibrachiatum endo-1,4-xylanase produced significant synergistic effects for the degradation of wheat arabinoxylan. The α-L-arabinofuranosidase identified from the secretome of P. polymyxa KF-1 is potentially suitable for application in biotechnological industries.
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Broeker J, Mechelke M, Baudrexl M, Mennerich D, Hornburg D, Mann M, Schwarz WH, Liebl W, Zverlov VV. The hemicellulose-degrading enzyme system of the thermophilic bacterium Clostridium stercorarium: comparative characterisation and addition of new hemicellulolytic glycoside hydrolases. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:229. [PMID: 30159029 PMCID: PMC6106730 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass in various industrial processes, such as the production of biofuels, requires the degradation of hemicellulose. Clostridium stercorarium is a thermophilic bacterium, well known for its outstanding hemicellulose-degrading capability. Its genome comprises about 50 genes for partially still uncharacterised thermostable hemicellulolytic enzymes. These are promising candidates for industrial applications. RESULTS To reveal the hemicellulose-degrading potential of 50 glycoside hydrolases, they were recombinantly produced and characterised. 46 of them were identified in the secretome of C. stercorarium cultivated on cellobiose. Xylanases Xyn11A, Xyn10B, Xyn10C, and cellulase Cel9Z were among the most abundant proteins. The secretome of C. stercorarium was active on xylan, β-glucan, xyloglucan, galactan, and glucomannan. In addition, the recombinant enzymes hydrolysed arabinan, mannan, and galactomannan. 20 enzymes are newly described, degrading xylan, galactan, arabinan, mannan, and aryl-glycosides of β-d-xylose, β-d-glucose, β-d-galactose, α-l-arabinofuranose, α-l-rhamnose, β-d-glucuronic acid, and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine. The activities of three enzymes with non-classified glycoside hydrolase (GH) family modules were determined. Xylanase Xyn105F and β-d-xylosidase Bxl31D showed activities not described so far for their GH families. 11 of the 13 polysaccharide-degrading enzymes were most active at pH 5.0 to pH 6.5 and at temperatures of 57-76 °C. Investigation of the substrate and product specificity of arabinoxylan-degrading enzymes revealed that only the GH10 xylanases were able to degrade arabinoxylooligosaccharides. While Xyn10C was inhibited by α-(1,2)-arabinosylations, Xyn10D showed a degradation pattern different to Xyn10B and Xyn10C. Xyn11A released longer degradation products than Xyn10B. Both tested arabinose-releasing enzymes, Arf51B and Axh43A, were able to hydrolyse single- as well as double-arabinosylated xylooligosaccharides. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results lead to a better understanding of the hemicellulose-degrading capacity of C. stercorarium and its involved enzyme systems. Despite similar average activities measured by depolymerisation tests, a closer look revealed distinctive differences in the activities and specificities within an enzyme class. This may lead to synergistic effects and influence the enzyme choice for biotechnological applications. The newly characterised glycoside hydrolases can now serve as components of an enzyme platform for industrial applications in order to reconstitute synthetic enzyme systems for complete and optimised degradation of defined polysaccharides and hemicellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Broeker
- Department of Microbiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Matthias Mechelke
- Department of Microbiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Melanie Baudrexl
- Department of Microbiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Denise Mennerich
- Department of Microbiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Daniel Hornburg
- Present Address: School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Schwarz
- Department of Microbiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Liebl
- Department of Microbiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Vladimir V. Zverlov
- Department of Microbiology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182 Russia
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Enzymatic Mechanism for Arabinan Degradation and Transport in the Thermophilic Bacterium Caldanaerobius polysaccharolyticus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00794-17. [PMID: 28710263 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00794-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant cell wall polysaccharide arabinan provides an important supply of arabinose, and unraveling arabinan-degrading strategies by microbes is important for understanding its use as a source of energy. Here, we explored the arabinan-degrading enzymes in the thermophilic bacterium Caldanaerobius polysaccharolyticus and identified a gene cluster encoding two glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 51 α-l-arabinofuranosidases (CpAbf51A, CpAbf51B), a GH43 endoarabinanase (CpAbn43A), a GH27 β-l-arabinopyranosidase (CpAbp27A), and two GH127 β-l-arabinofuranosidases (CpAbf127A, CpAbf127B). The genes were expressed as recombinant proteins, and the functions of the purified proteins were determined with para-nitrophenyl (pNP)-linked sugars and naturally occurring pectin structural elements as the substrates. The results demonstrated that CpAbn43A is an endoarabinanase while CpAbf51A and CpAbf51B are α-l-arabinofuranosidases that exhibit diverse substrate specificities, cleaving α-1,2, α-1,3, and α-1,5 linkages of purified arabinan-oligosaccharides. Furthermore, both CpAbf127A and CpAbf127B cleaved β-arabinofuranose residues in complex arabinan side chains, thus providing evidence of the function of this family of enzymes on such polysaccharides. The optimal temperatures of the enzymes ranged between 60°C and 75°C, and CpAbf43A and CpAbf51A worked synergistically to release arabinose from branched and debranched arabinan. Furthermore, the hydrolytic activity on branched arabinan oligosaccharides and degradation of pectic substrates by the endoarabinanase and l-arabinofuranosidases suggested a microbe equipped with diverse activities to degrade complex arabinan in the environment. Based on our functional analyses of the genes in the arabinan degradation cluster and the substrate-binding studies on a component of the cognate transporter system, we propose a model for arabinan degradation and transport by C. polysaccharolyticusIMPORTANCE Genomic DNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis allowed the identification of a gene cluster encoding several proteins predicted to function in arabinan degradation and transport in C. polysaccharolyticus The analysis of the recombinant proteins yielded detailed insights into the putative arabinan metabolism of this thermophilic bacterium. The use of various branched arabinan oligosaccharides provided a detailed understanding of the substrate specificities of the enzymes and allowed assignment of two new GH127 polypeptides as β-l-arabinofuranosidases able to degrade pectic substrates, thus expanding our knowledge of this rare group of glycoside hydrolases. In addition, the enzymes showed synergistic effects for the degradation of arabinans at elevated temperatures. The enzymes characterized from the gene cluster are, therefore, of utility for arabinose production in both the biofuel and food industries.
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Mechelke M, Koeck DE, Broeker J, Roessler B, Krabichler F, Schwarz WH, Zverlov VV, Liebl W. Characterization of the arabinoxylan-degrading machinery of the thermophilic bacterium Herbinix hemicellulosilytica-Six new xylanases, three arabinofuranosidases and one xylosidase. J Biotechnol 2017; 257:122-130. [PMID: 28450260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Herbinix hemicellulosilytica is a newly isolated, gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium with extensive hemicellulose-degrading capabilities obtained from a thermophilic biogas reactor. In order to exploit its potential as a source for new industrial arabinoxylan-degrading enzymes, six new thermophilic xylanases, four from glycoside hydrolase family 10 (GH10) and two from GH11, three arabinofuranosidases (1x GH43, 2x GH51) and one β-xylosidase (GH43) were selected. The recombinantly produced enzymes were purified and characterized. All enzymes were active on different xylan-based polysaccharides and most of them showed temperature-vs-activity profiles with maxima around 55-65°C. HPAEC-PAD analysis of the hydrolysates of wheat arabinoxylan and of various purified xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) was used to investigate their substrate and product specificities: among the GH10 xylanases, XynB showed a different product pattern when hydrolysing AXOS compared to XynA, XynC, and XynD. None of the GH11 xylanases was able to degrade any of the tested AXOS. All three arabinofuranosidases, ArfA, ArfB and ArfC, were classified as type AXH-m,d enzymes. None of the arabinofuranosidases was able to degrade the double-arabinosylated xylooligosaccharides XA2+3XX. β-Xylosidase XylA (GH43) was able to degrade unsubstituted XOS, but showed limited activity to degrade AXOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mechelke
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - D E Koeck
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - J Broeker
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - B Roessler
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - F Krabichler
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - W H Schwarz
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - V V Zverlov
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow Russia
| | - W Liebl
- Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
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Yang W, Bai Y, Yang P, Luo H, Huang H, Meng K, Shi P, Wang Y, Yao B. A novel bifunctional GH51 exo-α-l-arabinofuranosidase/endo-xylanase from Alicyclobacillus sp. A4 with significant biomass-degrading capacity. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:197. [PMID: 26628911 PMCID: PMC4666033 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the hydrolytic performance of xylanolytic enzymes on arabinoxylan is of importance in the ethanol fermentation industry. Supplementation of debranching (arabinofuranosidase) and depolymerizing (xylanase) enzymes is a way to address the problem. In the present study, we identified a bifunctional α-l-arabinofuranosidase/endo-xylanase (Ac-Abf51A) of glycoside hydrolase family 51 in Alicyclobacillus sp. strain A4. Its biochemical stability and great hydrolysis efficiency against complex biomass make it a potential candidate for the production of biofuels. RESULTS The gene encoding Ac-Abf51A was cloned. The comparison of its sequence with reference proteins having resolved 3D-structures revealed nine key residues involved in catalysis and substrate-binding interaction. Recombinant Ac-Abf51A produced in Escherichia coli showed optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 60 °C with 4-nitrophenyl-α-l-arabinofuranoside as the substrate. The enzyme exhibited an exo-type mode of action on polyarabinosides by catalyzing the cleavage of α-1,2- and α-1,3-linked arabinofuranose side chains in sugar beet arabinan and water-soluble wheat arabinoxylan and α-1,5-linked arabinofuranosidic bonds in debranched sugar beet arabinan. Surprisingly, it had capacity to release xylobiose and xylotriose from wheat arabinoxylan and was active on xylooligosaccharides (xylohexaose 1.2/mM/min, xylopentaose 6.9/mM/min, and xylotetraose 19.7/mM/min), however a lower level of activity. Moreover, Ac-Abf51A showed greater synergistic effect in combination with xylanase (2.92-fold) on wheat arabinoxylan degradation than other reported enzymes, for the amounts of arabinose, xylose, and xylobiose were all increased in comparison to that by the enzymes acting individually. CONCLUSIONS This study for the first time reports a GH51 enzyme with both exo-α-l-arabinofuranosidase and endo-xylanase activities. It was stable over a broad pH range and at high temperature, and showed greater synergistic effect with xylanase on the degradation of wheat arabinoxylan than other counterparts. The distinguished synergy might be ascribed to its bifunctional α-l-arabinofuranosidase/xylanase activity, which may represent a possible way to degrade biomass at lower enzyme loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peilong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiying Luo
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Meng
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Shi
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
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Dunne JC, Kelly WJ, Leahy SC, Li D, Bond JJ, Peng L, Attwood GT, Jordan TW. The Cytosolic Oligosaccharide-Degrading Proteome of Butyrivibrio Proteoclasticus. Proteomes 2015; 3:347-368. [PMID: 28248275 PMCID: PMC5217386 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes3040347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and productivity of ruminants depends on a complex microbial community found in their fore-stomach (rumen), which is able to breakdown plant polysaccharides and ferment the released sugars. Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus B316T is a Gram-positive polysaccharide-degrading, butyrate-producing bacterium that is present at high numbers in the rumen of animals consuming pasture or grass silage based diets. B316T is one of a small number of rumen fibrolytic microbes capable of efficiently degrading and utilizing xylan, as well as being capable of utilizing arabinose, xylose, pectin and starch. We have therefore carried out a proteomic analysis of B316T to identify intracellular enzymes that are implicated in the metabolism of internalized xylan. Three hundred and ninety four proteins were identified including enzymes that have potential to metabolize assimilated products of extracellular xylan digestion. Identified enzymes included arabinosidases, esterases, an endoxylanase, and β-xylosidase. The presence of intracellular debranching enzymes indicated that some hemicellulosic side-chains may not be removed until oligosaccharides liberated by extracellular digestion have been assimilated by the cells. The results support a model of extracellular digestion of hemicellulose to oligosaccharides that are then transported to the cytoplasm for further digestion by intracellular enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Dunne
- Rumen Microbiology, Animal Science Group, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
- AgResearch Limited/Victoria University of Wellington Proteomics Laboratory, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
| | - William J Kelly
- Rumen Microbiology, Animal Science Group, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Sinead C Leahy
- Rumen Microbiology, Animal Science Group, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Dong Li
- Rumen Microbiology, Animal Science Group, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Judy J Bond
- Rumen Microbiology, Animal Science Group, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
- AgResearch Limited/Victoria University of Wellington Proteomics Laboratory, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Lifeng Peng
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Graeme T Attwood
- Rumen Microbiology, Animal Science Group, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - T William Jordan
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
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Characterization and pH-dependent substrate specificity of alkalophilic xylanase from Bacillus alcalophilus. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:1465-75. [PMID: 22763748 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The gene of endo-beta-1-4 xylanase, xynT, was cloned from Bacillus alcalophilus AX2000 and expressed in Escherichia coli. This XynT, which belongs to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 10, was found to have a molecular weight of approximately 37 kDa and exhibit optimal activity at pH 7-9 and 50 °C. It exhibits a high activity towards birchwood xylan and has the ability to bind avicel. Under optimal conditions, XynT hydrolyzes all xylooligomers into xylobiose as an end product with a preference for cleavage sites at the second or third glycosidic bond from the reducing end. XynT has a different substrate affinity on xylooligomers at pH 5.0, which contributes to its low activity toward xylotriose and its derived intermediate products. This low activity may be due to an unstable interaction with the amino acids that constitute subsites of the active site. Interestingly, the addition of Co(2+) and Mn(2+) led to a significant increase in activity by up to 40 and 50 %, respectively. XynT possesses a high binding affinity and hydrolytic activity toward the insoluble xylan, for which it exhibits high activity at pH 7-9, giving rise to its efficient biobleaching effect on Pinus densiflora kraft pulp.
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Berezina OV, Sineoky SP, Velikodvorskaya GA, Schwarz W, Zverlov VV. Extracellular glycosyl hydrolase activity of the Clostridium strains producing acetone, butanol, and ethanol. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683808010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lim YR, Yoon RY, Seo ES, Kim YS, Park CS, Oh DK. Hydrolytic properties of a thermostable α-l-arabinofuranosidase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:1188-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gene Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of a Family 51 α-l-Arabinofuranosidase from Streptomyces sp. S9. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 162:707-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Guerfali M, Chaabouni M, Gargouri A, Belghith H. Improvement of α-l-arabinofuranosidase production by Talaromyces thermophilus and agro-industrial residues saccharification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:1361-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Carapito R, Carapito C, Jeltsch JM, Phalip V. Efficient hydrolysis of hemicellulose by a Fusarium graminearum xylanase blend produced at high levels in Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:845-850. [PMID: 18707875 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A Fusarium graminearum-based enzyme blend for the efficient hydrolysis of hemicellulose, a crucial step for competitive bioethanol production, is described. The heretofore-uncharacterized endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (XylD), 1,4-beta-xylosidase (XyloA), and bifunctional xylosidase/arabinofuranosidase (Xylo/ArabA) were produced at high levels in Escherichia coli (10-38 mg/l). They displayed compatible pH and temperature-dependences, allowing their utilization for simultaneous substrate digestions. Monosaccharide analysis indicated a strong positive synergism between the enzymes during the degradation of oat spelt xylan. Two units of each protein catalyzed the release of 61% and 15% of the total amount of available d-xylose and l-arabinose, respectively, in only 4 h. The detailed cooperative mechanism of the three hydrolases was elucidated by polysaccharide analysis using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and the enzymes were shown to be suitable for the partial hydrolysis of pretreated crude plant biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Carapito
- U.M.R. 7175, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Université Louis Pasteur-CNRS, Boulevard Sébastien Brandt, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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14
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Zverlov VV, Schwarz WH. Bacterial cellulose hydrolysis in anaerobic environmental subsystems--Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium stercorarium, thermophilic plant-fiber degraders. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1125:298-307. [PMID: 18378600 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1419.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose degradation is a rare trait in bacteria. However, the truly cellulolytic bacteria are extremely efficient hydrolyzers of plant cell wall polysaccharides, especially those in thermophilic anaerobic ecosystems. Clostridium stercorarium, a thermophilic ubiquitous soil dweller, has a simple cellulose hydrolyzing enzyme system of only two cellulases. However, it seems to be better suited for the hydrolysis of a wide range of hemicelluloses. Clostridium thermocellum, an ubiquitous thermophilic gram-type positive bacterium, is one of the most successful cellulose degraders known. Its extracellular enzyme complex, the cellulosome, was prepared from C. thermocellum cultures grown on cellulose, cellobiose, barley beta-1,3-1,4-glucan, or a mixture of xylan and cellulose. The single proteins were identified by peptide chromatography and MALDI-TOF-TOF. Eight cellulosomal proteins could be found in all eight preparations, 32 proteins occur in at least one preparation. A number of enzymatic components had not been identified previously. The proportion of components changes if C. thermocellum is grown on different substrates. Mutants of C. thermocellum, devoid of scaffoldin CipA, that now allow new types of experiments with in vitro cellulosome reassembly and a role in cellulose hydrolysis are described. The characteristics of these mutants provide strong evidence of the positive effect of complex (cellulosome) formation on hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Zverlov
- Department of Microbiology, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising, Germany
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15
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Fritz M, Ravanal MC, Braet C, eyzaguirre J. A family 51 α-l-arabinofuranosidase from Penicillium purpurogenum: purification, properties and amino acid sequence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 112:933-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Paës G, Skov LK, O’Donohue MJ, Rémond C, Kastrup JS, Gajhede M, Mirza O. The Structure of the Complex between a Branched Pentasaccharide and Thermobacillus xylanilyticus GH-51 Arabinofuranosidase Reveals Xylan-Binding Determinants and Induced Fit. Biochemistry 2008; 47:7441-51. [DOI: 10.1021/bi800424e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Paës
- INRA—UMR FARE 614, 8, rue Gabriel Voisin, BP 316, 51688 Reims cedex 2, France, Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars K. Skov
- INRA—UMR FARE 614, 8, rue Gabriel Voisin, BP 316, 51688 Reims cedex 2, France, Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J. O’Donohue
- INRA—UMR FARE 614, 8, rue Gabriel Voisin, BP 316, 51688 Reims cedex 2, France, Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Rémond
- INRA—UMR FARE 614, 8, rue Gabriel Voisin, BP 316, 51688 Reims cedex 2, France, Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette S. Kastrup
- INRA—UMR FARE 614, 8, rue Gabriel Voisin, BP 316, 51688 Reims cedex 2, France, Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Gajhede
- INRA—UMR FARE 614, 8, rue Gabriel Voisin, BP 316, 51688 Reims cedex 2, France, Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Osman Mirza
- INRA—UMR FARE 614, 8, rue Gabriel Voisin, BP 316, 51688 Reims cedex 2, France, Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Chungool W, Thongkam W, Raweesri P, Thamchaipenet A, Pinphanichakarn P. Production, purification, and characterization of acetyl esterase from Streptomyces sp. PC22 and its action in cooperation with xylanolytic enzymes on xylan degradation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Faulds CB, Mandalari G, Lo Curto RB, Bisignano G, Christakopoulos P, Waldron KW. Synergy between xylanases from glycoside hydrolase family 10 and family 11 and a feruloyl esterase in the release of phenolic acids from cereal arabinoxylan. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 71:622-9. [PMID: 16292533 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The bioconversion of waste residues (by-products) from cereal processing industries requires the cooperation of enzymes able to degrade xylanolytic and cellulosic material. The type A feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus niger, AnFaeA, works synergistically with (1-->4)-beta-D-xylopyranosidases (xylanases) to release monomeric and dimeric ferulic acid (FA) from cereal cell wall-derived material. The esterase was more effective with a family 11 xylanase from Trichoderma viride in releasing FA and with a family 10 xylanase from Thermoascus aurantiacus in releasing the 5,5' form of diferulic acid from arabinoxylan (AX) derived from brewers' spent grain. The converse was found for the release of the phenolic acids from wheat bran-derived AXs. This may be indicative of compositional differences in AXs in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Faulds
- Sustainability of the Food Chain Exploitation Platform, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK.
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19
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Matsumura K, Obata H, Hata Y, Kawato A, Abe Y, Akita O. Isolation and characterization of a novel gene encoding alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. J Biosci Bioeng 2005; 98:77-84. [PMID: 16233670 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(04)70246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2004] [Accepted: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We cloned and characterized a novel gene (abfA) encoding alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (alpha-L-AFase) from Aspergillus oryzae. One clone homologous to the alpha-L-AFase gene of Thermotoga maritima was found in an expressed sequence tag (EST) library of A. oryzae and a corresponding gene was isolated. Molecular analysis showed that the abfA gene carried six exons interrupted by five introns and had an open reading frame encoding 481 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence similarity at active sites to the alpha-L-AFases from other organisms indicated that the alpha-L-AFase encoded by abfA was classified as a family 51 glycoside hydrolase. When the abfA was overexpressed in the homologous hyperexpression system of A. oryzae, a large amount of alpha-L-AFase was produced as intracellular protein. The apparent molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 228,000 by gel filtration and that of its subunit as 55,000 by SDS-PAGE, suggesting that the enzyme is a tetramer. The enzyme hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside but not other p-nitrophenyl glycosides. These results demonstrated that the abfA gene encodes a functional alpha-L-AFase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Matsumura
- Research Institute, Gekkeikan Sake Co. Ltd., 300 Katahara-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8361, Japan.
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20
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Adelsberger H, Hertel C, Glawischnig E, Zverlov VV, Schwarz WH. Enzyme system of Clostridium stercorarium for hydrolysis of arabinoxylan: reconstitution of the in vivo system from recombinant enzymes. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2004; 150:2257-2266. [PMID: 15256568 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.27066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Four extracellular enzymes of the thermophilic bacterium Clostridium stercorarium are involved in the depolymerization of de-esterified arabinoxylan: Xyn11A, Xyn10C, Bxl3B, and Arf51B. They were identified in a collection of eight clones producing enzymes hydrolysing xylan (xynA, xynB, xynC), beta-xyloside (bxlA, bxlB, bglZ) and alpha-arabinofuranoside (arfA, arfB). The modular enzymes Xyn11A and Xyn10C represent the major xylanases in the culture supernatant of C. stercorarium. Both hydrolyse arabinoxylan in an endo-type mode, but differ in the pattern of the oligosaccharides produced. Of the glycosidases, Bxl3B degrades xylobiose and xylooligosaccharides to xylose, and Arf51B is able to release arabinose residues from de-esterified arabinoxylan and from the oligosaccharides generated. The other glycosidases either did not attack or only marginally attacked these oligosaccharides. Significantly more xylanase and xylosidase activity was produced during growth on xylose and xylan. This is believed to be the first time that, in a single thermophilic micro-organism, the complete set of enzymes (as well as the respective genes) to completely hydrolyse de-esterified arabinoxylan to its monomeric sugar constituents, xylose and arabinose, has been identified and the enzymes produced in vivo. The active enzyme system was reconstituted in vitro from recombinant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmuth Adelsberger
- Research Group Microbial Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Christian Hertel
- Research Group Microbial Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Erich Glawischnig
- Research Group Microbial Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Vladimir V Zverlov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Kurchatov Square, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Research Group Microbial Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Schwarz
- Research Group Microbial Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 4, D-85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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21
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Tuncer M, Ball AS. Co-operative actions and degradation analysis of purified xylan-degrading enzymes from Thermomonospora fusca BD25 on oat-spelt xylan. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 94:1030-5. [PMID: 12752811 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine and quantify the products from the degradation of xylan by a range of purified xylan-degrading enzymes, endoxylanase, beta-xylosidase and alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase produced extracellularly by Thermomonospora fusca BD25. METHODS AND RESULTS The amounts of reducing sugars released from oat-spelt xylan by the actions of endoxylanase, beta-xylosidase and alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase were equal to 28.1, 4.6 and 7% hydrolysis (as xylose equivalents) of the substrate used, respectively. However, addition of beta-xylosidase and alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase preparation to endoxylanase significantly enhanced (70 and 20% respectively) the action of endoxylanase on the substrate. The combination of purified endoxylanase, beta-xylosidase and alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase preparations produced a greater sugar yield (58.6% hydrolysis) and enhanced the total reducing sugar yield by around 50%. The main xylooligosaccharide products released using the action of endoxylanase alone on oat-spelt xylan were identified as xylobiose and xylopentose. alpha-l-Arabinofuranosidase was able to release arabinose and xylobiose from oat-spelt xylan. In the presence of all three purified enzymes the hydrolysis products of oat-spelt xylan were mainly xylose, arabinose and substituted xylotetrose with lesser amount of substituted xylotriose. CONCLUSIONS The addition of the beta-xylosidase and alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase enzymes to purified xylanases more than doubled the degradation of xylan from 28 to 58% of the total substrate with xylose and arabinose being the major sugars produced. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results highlight the role of xylan de-branching enzymes in the degradation of xylan and suggest that the use of enzyme cocktails may significantly improve the hydrolysis of xylan in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tuncer
- University of Essex, Department of Biological Sciences, John Tabor Laboratories, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
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22
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Tuncer M, Ball AS. Purification and partial characterization of alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase produced by Thermomonospora fusca. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2003; 48:168-72. [PMID: 12800498 DOI: 10.1007/bf02930950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thermomonospora fusca produced a relatively high level of alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase when growing on oat spelt xylan as the main carbon and energy source. The enzyme exhibited maximum relative activity (0.136 U/g protein) at pH 9.0 with 54 and 55% activity remaining at pH of 4.5 and 11.0, respectively. The apparent Km value for the crude alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase preparation was 180 mumol/L 4-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinofuranoside; the upsilon lim value was the release of 40 mumol/L 4-nitrophenol per min. Enzyme activity was eluted as a single peak (HPLC gel filtration chromatography) corresponding to molar mass of approximately 92 kDa. Native electrophoresis of crude cell lysate confirmed the presence of a single active intracellular alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase component. SDS-PAGE of this enzyme, developed as zymogram, did not demonstrate any activity; denaturing gel was stained and a protein band of relative molar mass of 46 kDa was revealed. Isoelectric focusing of a purified alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase yielded a single protein band for the corresponding activity zone with pI 7.9. The enzyme was purified approximately 21-fold the mean overall yield was about 16%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tuncer
- Biyoloji Bölümü, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Mersin Universitesi, 33342 Mersin, Turkey.
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Kosugi A, Murashima K, Doi RH. Characterization of two noncellulosomal subunits, ArfA and BgaA, from Clostridium cellulovorans that cooperate with the cellulosome in plant cell wall degradation. J Bacteriol 2002; 184:6859-65. [PMID: 12446636 PMCID: PMC135478 DOI: 10.1128/jb.184.24.6859-6865.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cell wall degradation by Clostridium cellulovorans requires the cooperative activity of its cellulases and hemicellulases. To characterize the alpha-L-arabinosidases that are involved in hemicellulose degradation, we screened the C. cellulovorans genomic library for clones with alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase or alpha-L-arabinopyranosidase activity, and two clones utilizing different substrates were isolated. The genes from the two clones, arfA and bgaA, encoded proteins of 493 and 659 amino acids with molecular weights of 55,731 and 76,414, respectively, and were located on neighboring loci. The amino acid sequences for ArfA and BgaA were related to alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase and beta-galactosidase, respectively, which are classified as family 51 and family 42 glycosyl hydrolases, respectively. Recombinant ArfA (rArfA) had high activity for p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinofuranoside, arabinoxylan, and arabinan but not for p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinopyranoside. On the other hand, recombinant BgaA (rBgaA) hydrolyzed not only p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinopyranoside but also p-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside. However, when the affinities of rBgaA for p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside were compared, the K(m) values were 1.51 and 6.06 mM, respectively, suggesting that BgaA possessed higher affinity for alpha-L-arabinopyranose residues than for beta-D-galactopyranoside residues and possessed a novel enzymatic property for a family 42 beta-galactosidase. Activity staining analyses revealed that ArfA and BgaA were located exclusively in the noncellulosomal fraction. When rArfA and rBgaA were incubated with beta-1,4-xylanase A (XynA), a cellulosomal enzyme from C. cellulovorans, on plant cell wall polymers, the plant cell wall-degrading activity was synergistically increased compared with that observed with XynA alone. These results indicate that, to obtain effective plant cell wall degradation, there is synergy between noncellulosomal and cellulosomal subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kosugi
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, 95616, USA
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24
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Shofiqur Rahman AK, Kawamura S, Hatsu M, Hoq MM, Takamizawa K. Physicochemical properties of a novel alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from Rhizomucor pusillus HHT-1. Can J Microbiol 2001; 47:767-72. [PMID: 11575504 DOI: 10.1139/w01-064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The zygomycete fungus Rhizomucor pusillus HHT-1, cultured on L(+)arabinose as a sole carbon source, produced extracellular alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase. The enzyme was purified by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography. The molecular mass of this monomeric enzyme was 88 kDa. The native enzyme had a pI of 4.2 and displayed a pH optimum and stability of 4.0 and 7.0-10.0, respectively. The temperature optimum was 65 degrees C, and it was stable up to 70 degrees C. The Km and Vmax for p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinofuranoside were 0.59 mM and 387 micromol x min(-1) x mg(-1) protein, respectively. Activity was not stimulated by metal cofactors. The N-terminal amino acid sequence did not show any similarity to other arabinofuranosidases. Higher hydrolytic activity was recorded with pnitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinofuranoside, arabinotriose, and sugar beet arabinan; lower hydrolytic activity was recorded with oat-spelt xylan and arabinogalactan, indicating specificity for the low molecular mass L(+)-arabinose containing oligosaccharides with furanoside configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Shofiqur Rahman
- Department of Bioprocessing, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, Yanagido, Japan
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25
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Abstract
Interest in the alpha-L-arabinofuranosidases has increased in recent years because of their application in the conversion of various hemicellulosic substrates to fermentable sugars for subsequent production of fuel alcohol. Xylanases, in conjunction with alpha-L-arabinofuranosidases and other accessory enzymes, act synergistically to degrade xylan to component sugars. The induction of alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase production, physico-chemical characteristics, substrate specificity, and molecular biology of the enzyme are described. The current state of research and development of the arabinofuranosidases and their role in biotechnology are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Saha
- Fermentation Biochemistry Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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26
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Debeche T, Cummings N, Connerton I, Debeire P, O'Donohue MJ. Genetic and biochemical characterization of a highly thermostable alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from Thermobacillus xylanilyticus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:1734-6. [PMID: 10742272 PMCID: PMC92053 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.4.1734-1736.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene encoding an alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from Thermobacillus xylanilyticus D3, AbfD3, was isolated. Characterization of the purified recombinant alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase produced in Escherichia coli revealed that it is highly stable with respect to both temperature (up to 90 degrees C) and pH (stable in the pH range 4 to 12). On the basis of amino acid sequence similarities, this 56, 071-Da enzyme could be assigned to family 51 of the glycosyl hydrolase classification system. However, substrate specificity analysis revealed that AbfD3, unlike the majority of F51 members, displays high activity in the presence of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Debeche
- INRA, Unité de Physicochimie et Biotechnologie des Polymères, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
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27
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Zverlov VV, Liebl W, Bachleitner M, Schwarz WH. Nucleotide sequence of arfB of Clostridium stercorarium, and prediction of catalytic residues of alpha-L-arabinofuranosidases based on local similarity with several families of glycosyl hydrolases. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1998; 164:337-43. [PMID: 9682483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of the alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase gene arfB from Clostridium stercorarium was determined. The deduced protein has a molecular mass of 56.2 kDa with an amino terminus identical to the N-terminal sequence of the purified mature enzyme from C. stercorarium. Its sequence is homologous to arabinofuranosidases of glycosyl hydrolase family 51. Sequence alignment and cluster analysis reveal three new members of glycosyl hydrolase family 51, allowing for the definition of highly conserved regions. Two of these regions are remarkably similar to the most conserved regions within several other families of glycosyl hydrolases, which have in common a (beta/alpha)8-barrel as the core super-secondary structure, and allow to predict the acid/base catalyst and the nucleophile of the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Zverlov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Vincent P, Shareck F, Dupont C, Morosoli R, Kluepfel D. New alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase produced by Streptomyces lividans: cloning and DNA sequence of the abfB gene and characterization of the enzyme. Biochem J 1997; 322 ( Pt 3):845-52. [PMID: 9148759 PMCID: PMC1218265 DOI: 10.1042/bj3220845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A fully secreted alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase was cloned from the homologous expression system of Streptomyces lividans. The gene, located upstream adjacent to the previously described xylanase A gene, was sequenced. It is divergently transcribed from the xlnA gene and the two genes are separated by an intercistronic region of 391nt which contains a palindromic AT-rich sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of the protein shows that the enzyme contains a distinct catalytic domain which is linked to a specific xylan-binding domain by a linker region. The purified enzyme has a specific arabinofuranose-debranching activity on xylan from Gramineae, acts synergistically with the S. lividans xylanases and binds specifically to xylan. From small arabinoxylo-oligosides, it liberates arabinose and, after prolonged incubation, the purified enzyme exhibits some xylanolytic activity as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vincent
- Centre de Recherche en Microbiologie Appliquée, Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Ville de Laval, Qué, H7N4Z3, Canada
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Beldman G, Schols H, Pitson S, Searle-van Leeuwen M, Voragen A. Arabinans and arabinan degrading enzymes. ADVANCES IN MACROMOLECULAR CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5261(97)80003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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