1
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Zhang S, Zhang S, Li S, Ma R, Wang A, Liu Z, Yan K. CaO assisted mechanochemical remediation of lindane-contaminated soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174154. [PMID: 38942310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the planetary ball milling with CaO addition was used to remediate lindane-contaminated soil. Based on Hertzian theory, a mathematical model was proposed to simulate the trajectory of grinding ball and the local energy transfer during a planetary operation at the disk rotation velocities of 150-250 rpm. Besides, the influence of different parameters on lindane removal in soil was investigated, whose results showed that disk rotation velocity and reagent-to-soil ratio had a positive effect, while soil moisture, initial concentration of lindane, and mass of polluted soil demonstrated a negative influence. The mechanochemical method exhibited a higher degradation performance at 3 wt% CaO addition, and a disk rotation velocity of 250 rpm. Active species generated by ball collisions in the presence of CaO, especially superoxide (·O2-) demonstrated a significant role in participating in the lindane conversion. In combination with GCMS and XPS analysis, the proposed model provides insight into mechanochemical remediation process from physical and chemical perspectives, which mainly includes four main steps: mixing, inducing, chemical reaction, and structure destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shuran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rongwei Ma
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Anyu Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Keping Yan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030002, China
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2
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Arfelis S, Martín-Perales AI, Nguyen R, Pérez A, Cherubin I, Len C, Malpartida I, Bala A, Fullana-I-Palmer P. Linking mechanochemistry with the green chemistry principles: Review article. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34655. [PMID: 39148985 PMCID: PMC11325060 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The need to explore contemporary alternatives for industrial production has driven the development of innovative techniques that address critical limitations linked to traditional batch mechanochemistry. One particularly promising strategy involves the integration of flow processes with mechanochemistry. Three noteworthy technologies in this domain are single-screw extrusion (SSE) and twin-screw extrusion (TSE) and Impact (Induction) in Continuous-flow Heated Mechanochemistry (ICHeM). These technologies go beyond the industrial production of polymers, extending to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients, the fabrication of (nano)materials, and the extraction of high-added value products through the valorisation of biomass and waste materials. In accordance with the principles of green chemistry, ball milling processes are generally considered greener compared to conventional solvothermal processes. In fact, ball milling processes require less solvent, enhance reaction rates and reaction conversion by increasing surface area and substituting thermal energy with mechanochemical energy, among others. Special attention will be given to the types of products, reactants, size of the milling balls and reaction conditions, selecting 60 articles after applying a screening methodology during the period 2020-2022. This paper aims to compile and analyze the cutting edge of research in utilizing mechanochemistry for green chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Arfelis
- UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pg. Pujades 1, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana I Martín-Perales
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie C3, Universidad de Córdoba, Crta. Nnal IV-A, km 396, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Remy Nguyen
- Chimie ParisTech, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CNRS, PSL Research University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | | | - Igor Cherubin
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- Polytechnique Montreal, Département de Génie Chimique, 2500, chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christophe Len
- Chimie ParisTech, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CNRS, PSL Research University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
- Université de Technologie de Compiegne, CS 60319, Compiegne Cedex, 60203, France
| | - Irene Malpartida
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Av. de Cervantes 2, 29016, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alba Bala
- UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pg. Pujades 1, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Fullana-I-Palmer
- UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pg. Pujades 1, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Chang Y, Blanton SJ, Andraos R, Nguyen VS, Liotta CL, Schork FJ, Sievers C. Kinetic Phenomena in Mechanochemical Depolymerization of Poly(styrene). ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:178-191. [PMID: 38213546 PMCID: PMC10777454 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c05296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic polyolefinic plastics comprise one of the largest shares of global plastic waste, which is being targeted for chemical recycling by depolymerization to monomers and small molecules. One promising method of chemical recycling is solid-state depolymerization under ambient conditions in a ball-mill reactor. In this paper, we elucidate kinetic phenomena in the mechanochemical depolymerization of poly(styrene). Styrene is produced in this process at a constant rate and selectivity alongside minor products, including oxygenates like benzaldehyde, via mechanisms analogous to those involved in thermal and oxidative pyrolysis. Continuous monomer removal during reactor operation is critical for avoiding repolymerization, and promoting effects are exhibited by iron surfaces and molecular oxygen. Kinetic independence between depolymerization and molecular weight reduction was observed, despite both processes originating from the same driving force of mechanochemical collisions. Phenomena across multiple length scales are shown to be responsible for differences in reactivity due to differences in grinding parameters and reactant composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Chang
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Sylvie J. Blanton
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ralph Andraos
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Van Son Nguyen
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Charles L. Liotta
- School
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - F. Joseph Schork
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Carsten Sievers
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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4
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Jicsinszky L, Bucciol F, Chaji S, Cravotto G. Mechanochemical Degradation of Biopolymers. Molecules 2023; 28:8031. [PMID: 38138521 PMCID: PMC10745761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemical treatment of various organic molecules is an emerging technology of green processes in biofuel, fine chemicals, or food production. Many biopolymers are involved in isolating, derivating, or modifying molecules of natural origin. Mechanochemistry provides a powerful tool to achieve these goals, but the unintentional modification of biopolymers by mechanochemical manipulation is not always obvious or even detectable. Although modeling molecular changes caused by mechanical stresses in cavitation and grinding processes is feasible in small model compounds, simulation of extrusion processes primarily relies on phenomenological approaches that allow only tool- and material-specific conclusions. The development of analytical and computational techniques allows for the inline and real-time control of parameters in various mechanochemical processes. Using artificial intelligence to analyze process parameters and product characteristics can significantly improve production optimization. We aim to review the processes and consequences of possible chemical, physicochemical, and structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Jicsinszky
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.)
| | | | | | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.)
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5
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Nowik K, Zybała R, Oksiuta Z. Formation and Microstructural Evolution of Ferritic ODS Steel Powders during Mechanical Alloying. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16020765. [PMID: 36676503 PMCID: PMC9861015 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferritic ODS steel elemental powder compositions with various Zr content (0.3-1.0 wt.%), ground in a Pulverisette 6 planetary ball mill, were extensively studied by X-ray diffraction line profile analysis, microscopic observations, microhardness testing and particle size measurements. A characteristic three-stage process of flattening the soft powders, formation of convoluted lamellae and, finally, formation of nanocrystalline grains was observed. In order to quantify the microstructural properties, expressed mainly in terms of crystallite size and dislocation density, a methodology for detailed and accurate microstructure analysis of nanosized and severely deformed materials was proposed by the Whole Powder Pattern Modelling (WPPM) approach. In the case of the proposed ODS alloy composition, the overlapping of Fe and Cr Bragg reflections makes the microstructure analysis certainly more complicated. The results showed that the microstructure of powders evolved towards the nanocrystalline state consisting of fine (diameter of ~15 nm) and narrowly dispersed domains, with extensive dislocation density exceeding 1016 m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Nowik
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
| | - Rafał Zybała
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Oksiuta
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
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6
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Ahmadian H, Sadoun A, Fathy A, Zhou T. Utilizing a unified conceptual dynamic model for prediction of particle size of duel-matrix nanocomposites during mechanical alloying. POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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7
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Wang B, Wei S, Wang Y, Huang W, Liang Y, Guo L, Xue J, Lu F, Liu Z, Xu B. High energy ball-milled nano-Ti polymer: Kinetic analysis and synergetic effect. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Grassi M, Colombo I, Manca D, Biasin A, Grassi L, Grassi G, Abrami M. Multiscale mathematical modelling of drug activation by co-grinding. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Amorín H, Venet M, Chinarro E, Ramos P, Algueró M, Castro A. Lead-free Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 ferroelectric ceramics with refined microstructure and high strain under electric field by mechanosynthesis. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Polo A, Carta M, Delogu F, Rustici M, Budroni MA. Controlling Nonlinear Dynamics of Milling Bodies in Mechanochemical Devices Driven by Pendular Forcing. Front Chem 2022; 10:915217. [PMID: 35991610 PMCID: PMC9388739 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.915217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of milling bodies is key to optimize the mixing and the transfer of mechanical energy in mechanochemical processing. In this work, we present a comparative study of mechanochemical reactors driven by harmonic pendular forcing and characterized by different geometries of the lateral borders. We show that the shape of the reactor bases, either flat or curved, along with the size of the milling body and the elasticity of the collisions, represents relevant parameters that govern the dynamical regimes within the system and can control the transition from periodic to chaotic behaviors. We single out possible criteria to preserve target dynamical scenarios when the size of the milling body is changed, by adapting the relative extent of the spatial domain. This allows us to modulate the average energy of the collisions while maintaining the same dynamics and paves the way for a unifying framework to control the dynamical response in different experimental conditions. We finally explore the dynamical and energetic impact of an increasingly asymmetric mechanical force.
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11
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Li Q, Yang S, Wu S, Fan D. Mechanochemically synthesized Al-Fe (oxide) composite with superior reductive performance: Solid-state kinetic processes during ball milling. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134280. [PMID: 35283156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, mechanical ball milling (BM), a simple and green powder processing method, has been successfully applied to improve the performance of zero-valent metals (ZVMs) for efficient water treatment. However, until now BM is still regarded as a "black box" in which the processes of the solid-state reaction during activation remain unclear. In this paper, firstly, FeSO4·7H2O crystal was used to activate and modify inert microscale zero-valent aluminum (mZVAl) by BM to synthesize Al-Fe (oxide)bm composite that showed superior reactivity in reductive removal of various contaminants and excellent reusability, which may be mainly ascribed to the newly formed iron oxide layer on mZVAl by mechanochemical reaction. At the same time, the formation of iron oxides on mZVAl was closely related to BM parameters. Further kinematic analysis revealed that the occurrence of mechanochemical reaction depended on the impact energy and input energy, which BM speed and BM time were two main factors determining reaction extent on the premise that the precursors were full dose. Moreover, kinetic fitting uncovered the solid-state reaction mechanism between mZVAl and FeSO4·7H2O conformed to three-dimensional diffusion and phase boundary reaction models. This study ponders deeply upon the mechanochemical process and solid reaction mechanism during the preparation of Al-Fe (oxide)bm composite, which deepens comprehensions of material synthesis procedures by BM and promotes applications of ZVM-based composite in polluted water or wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shiying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering (MEGE), Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Sui Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Danyang Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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12
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Conversion Study on the Formation of Mechanochemically Synthesized BaTiO3. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry is a method that can cover the energy demand of reaction pathways between solid materials. This requires enough energy to maintain the reactions between the starting materials. This is called “high-energy milling”. In our case, a planetary ball mill provided the required energy. Using the Burgio-equation, the required energy is determinable; the energy released during a single impact of a milling ball (Eb), as well as during the whole milling process (Ecum). The aim of this work was the one-step production of BaTiO3 from BaO and TiO2 starting materials. Whereas during mechanochemical reactions it is possible to produce nanoparticles of up to 10 nm, the essence of this study is to develop the preparation of BaTiO3 with a perovskite structure even without subsequent heat treatment, since sintering at high temperatures is associated with a rapid increase in the size of the particles. By describing the synthesis parameters and their energy values (Eb and Ecum), it is possible to transpose experimental conditions, so that in the case of other types of planetary ball mills or grinding vessel made of other materials, the results can be used. In this study, the mechanical treatment was carried out with a Fritsch Pulverisette-6 planetary ball mill and the transformation of the starting materials was investigated by X-ray diffractometric, Raman and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic, and transmission electron microscopic measurements.
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13
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Characterization of Stressing Conditions in a High Energy Ball Mill by Discrete Element Simulations. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of sulfide solid electrolytes in ball mills by mechanochemical routes not only is efficient but also can enable the upscaling of material synthesis as required for the commercialization of solid-state battery materials. On a laboratory scale, the Emax high energy ball mill accounts for high stresses and power densities, as well as for temperature control, to prevent damage to the material and equipment even for long process times. To overcome the merely phenomenological treatment, we characterized the milling process in an Emax by DEM simulations, using the sulfide solid electrolyte LPS as a model material for the calibration of input parameters to the DEM, and compared it to a planetary ball mill for a selected parameter set. We derived mechanistic model equations for the stressing conditions depending on the operation parameters of rotational speed, media size and filling ratio. The stressing conditions are of importance as they determine the outcome of the mechanochemical milling process, thus forming the basis for evaluating and interpreting experiments and for establishing scaling rules for the process transfer to larger mills.
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14
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Kessler M, Rinaldi R. Kinetic Energy Dose as a Unified Metric for Comparing Ball Mills in the Mechanocatalytic Depolymerization of Lignocellulose. Front Chem 2022; 9:816553. [PMID: 35047484 PMCID: PMC8762196 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.816553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry utilizes mechanical forces to activate chemical bonds. It offers environmentally benign routes for both (bio) organic and inorganic syntheses. However, direct comparison of mechanochemistry results is often very challenging. In mechanochemical synthetic protocols, ball mill setup (mechanical design and grinding vessel geometry) in addition to experimental parameters (milling frequency, duration, ball count and size) vary broadly. This fact poses a severe issue to further progress in this exciting research area because ball mill setup and experimental parameters govern how much kinetic energy is transferred to a chemical reaction. In this work, we address the challenge of comparing mechanochemical reaction results by taking the energy dose provided by ball mills as a unified metric into account. In this quest, we applied kinematic modeling to two ball mills functioning under distinct working principles to express the energy dose as a mathematical function of the experimental parameters. By examining the effect of energy dose on the extent of the mechanocatalytic depolymerization (MCD) of lignocellulosic biomass (beechwood), we found linear correlations between yield of water-soluble products (WSP) and energy dose for both ball mills. Interestingly, when a substrate layer is formed on the grinding jar wall and/or grinding medium, a weak non-linear correlation between water-soluble products yield and energy dose is identified. We demonstrate that the chemical reaction’s best utilization of kinetic energy is achieved in the linear regime, which presents improved WSP yields for given energy doses. In the broader context, the current analysis outlines the usefulness of the energy dose as a unified metric in mechanochemistry to further the understanding of reaction results obtained from different ball mills operating under varied experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kessler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Microstructural Design of Ba 0.5La 0.5Co 0.5Fe 0.5O 3 Perovskite Ceramics. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164656. [PMID: 34443180 PMCID: PMC8398124 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Ba0.5La0.5Co0.5Fe0.5O3−δ was synthesized in the solid-state reaction route. The influence of ball milling parameters (such as milling media size, angular velocity, and time), pelletizing pressure, and annealing parameters on the microstructure was studied. The grain size distribution and density or specific surface area changes were investigated in each approach while the individual parameters were changed. The evaluation of BLCF synthesis parameters enables tailoring the microstructure to various applications. It was observed that with lowering the size of milling balls and increasing the angular velocity the material will be porous and thus more appropriate as electrode material in proton ceramic fuel cell or electrolyzer. An increase of time, balls diameter, and/or angular velocity of milling enables one to densify the material in case of membrane application in, e.g., as a gas sensor. The significant influence on densification has also annealing temperature increase. Applying 1200 °C during annealing leads to dense material, while at 1100 °C shows visible porosity of the product. In this work, we present the results of the BLCF synthesis parameters change allowing the selection of appropriate parameter values depending on the further application as PCCs.
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16
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Gil-González E, Pérez-Maqueda LA, Sánchez-Jiménez PE, Perejón A. Paving the Way to Establish Protocols: Modeling and Predicting Mechanochemical Reactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5540-5546. [PMID: 34105353 PMCID: PMC8280717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Parametrization of mechanochemical reactions, or relating the evolution of the reaction progress to the supplied input power, is required both to establish protocols and to gain insight into mechanochemical reactions. Thus, results could be compared, replicated, or scaled up even under different milling conditions, enlarging the domains of application of mechanochemistry. Here, we propose a procedure that allows the parametrization of mechanochemical reactions as a function of the supplied input power from the direct analysis of the milling experiments in a model-free approach, where neither the kinetic model function nor the rate constant equation are previously assumed. This procedure has been successfully tested with the mechanochemical reaction of CH3NH3PbCl3, enabling the possibility to make predictions regardless of the milling device as well as gaining insight into the reaction dynamic. This methodology can work for any other mechanical reaction and definitely paves the way to establish mechanochemistry as a standard synthetic procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gil-González
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas−Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Química, Universidad
de Sevilla, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Calle Virgen de África, 7, Sevilla 41011, Spain
| | - Luis A. Pérez-Maqueda
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas−Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Pedro E. Sánchez-Jiménez
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas−Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Antonio Perejón
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas−Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
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17
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Controlled modification of sodium montmorillonite clay by a planetary ball-mill as a versatile tool to tune its properties. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Hou H, Zhou J, Ji M, Yue Y, Qian G, Zhang J. Mechanochemical activation of titanium slag for effective selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140733. [PMID: 32673916 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ti-bearing blast furnace slag was usually recycled by acid leaching. For the first time, a catalyst was synthesized from the slag by wet ball-milling. During this process, no waste was produced. When the activated slag was used in selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide (NO), 80.5 ± 1.2% of NO (990 ppm) was removed at 350 °C. The catalyst steadily removed 91.0 ± 1.3% of NO for 900 min at 400 °C. On the contrary, the slag without activation showed almost no catalytic activity at these temperatures. The enhanced activity was mainly attributed to the following characterizations. After wet ball-milling, specific surface area of the slag was increased from 2.595 to 26.497 m2/g; surface acid sites were amplified by 15 times; Fe/Ti ratio on surface was enhanced from 0.20 to 1.10. At the same time, surface Fe2+/Fe3+ was regulated from 0.43 to 0.53. The above enhanced properties were attributed to the mechanochemical activation, which dissolved and re-deposited active species on particle surface as well as reinforced the effect between Fe and Ti species. The main result of this work put forward a green method for the direct utilization of industrial waste without generating by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hou
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road., Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jizhi Zhou
- School of Economics, Shanghai University, No. 333 Nanchen Road., Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Meiting Ji
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road., Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yang Yue
- MGI of Shanghai University, Xiapu Town, Xiangdong District, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi 337022, PR China
| | - Guangren Qian
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road., Shanghai 200444, PR China; MGI of Shanghai University, Xiapu Town, Xiangdong District, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi 337022, PR China,.
| | - Jia Zhang
- SHU Center of Green Urban Mining & Industry Ecology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 381 Nanchen Road., Shanghai 200444, PR China; MGI of Shanghai University, Xiapu Town, Xiangdong District, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi 337022, PR China,.
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Juarez-Arellano EA, Urzua-Valenzuela M, Peña-Rico MA, Aparicio-Saguilan A, Valera-Zaragoza M, Huerta-Heredia AA, Navarro-Mtz AK. Planetary ball-mill as a versatile tool to controlled potato starch modification to broaden its industrial applications. Food Res Int 2020; 140:109870. [PMID: 33648188 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pure potato starch has been modified by high-energy-ball-milling as a function of energy supplied, aiming to obtain products for different possibilities of industrial application. Burgios's equation has been used to calculate the energy supplied. The effect of the milling has been followed by a characterization of the starch morphology, crystallinity, solubility, swelling, retrogradation, viscosity, apparent viscosity, functional groups, and reducing sugar concentration. The high-energy-ball-milling not only changes the physical properties but also induces the mechanolysis of potato starch, breaking the glycosidic linkages of the starch molecules. A representation of the possible mechanism of starch mechanolysis is proposed. Three stages of the transformation of potato starch through high-energy ball-milling can be identified. Each of these stages generates starch with properties that can be used in different industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Juarez-Arellano
- Instituto de Química Aplicada, Universidad del Papaloapan, Circuito Central 200, Parque Industrial, 68301 Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - M Urzua-Valenzuela
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Maestría en Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del Papaloapan, Circuito Central 200, Parque Industrial, 68301 Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - M A Peña-Rico
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad del Papaloapan, Circuito Central 200, Parque Industrial, 68301 Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - A Aparicio-Saguilan
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad del Papaloapan, Circuito Central 200, Parque Industrial, 68301 Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - M Valera-Zaragoza
- Instituto de Química Aplicada, Universidad del Papaloapan, Circuito Central 200, Parque Industrial, 68301 Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - A A Huerta-Heredia
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad del Papaloapan, Circuito Central 200, Parque Industrial, 68301 Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - A K Navarro-Mtz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad del Papaloapan, Circuito Central 200, Parque Industrial, 68301 Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.
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20
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Hu YL, Wen QL, Pu ZF, Liu AY, Wang J, Ling J, Xie XG, Cao QE. Rapid synthesis of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals by l-lysine assisted solid-phase reaction at room temperature. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34215-34224. [PMID: 35519020 PMCID: PMC9056784 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07589b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there are many ways to obtain cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals. In addition to the synthesis methods carried out in solution, the solid-phase synthesis was reported involving grinding and milling. In this paper, we synthesized luminescent CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) by three solid-phase synthesis methods (grinding, knocking, stirring) using l-lysine as a ligand. This is the first attempt to use an amino acid for assisting the solid phase synthesis of perovskite and to study the difference in the products obtained by the three solid phase synthesis methods. The results show that the productivity of the solid-phase synthesis methods can be greatly improved by adding l-lysine and the perovskites obtained by the methods are more resistant to water due to the addition of l-lysine. The simplicity of the synthesis process expanded the use of solid-phase synthesis to obtain more perovskites and provided potential applications of perovskite in analytical detection and sensing in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Hu
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China +86-871-65033679 +86-871-65033719
| | - Qiu-Lin Wen
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China +86-871-65033679 +86-871-65033719
| | - Zheng-Fen Pu
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China +86-871-65033679 +86-871-65033719
| | - An-Yong Liu
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China +86-871-65033679 +86-871-65033719
| | - Jun Wang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China +86-871-65033679 +86-871-65033719
| | - Jian Ling
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China +86-871-65033679 +86-871-65033719
| | - Xiao-Guang Xie
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China +86-871-65033679 +86-871-65033719
| | - Qiu-E Cao
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Education, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China +86-871-65033679 +86-871-65033719
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21
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Beltrami R, Mercadelli E, Baldisserri C, Galassi C, Braghin F, Lecis N. Synthesis of KNN powders: Scaling effect of the milling step. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Numerical and experimental investigations on new jar designs for high efficiency planetary ball milling. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Kato K, Xin Y, Hong J, Katsumata KI, Shirai T. Synthesis of core/shell Ti/TiOx photocatalyst via single-mode magnetic microwave assisted direct oxidation of TiH2. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Havasi V, Tátrai D, Szabó G, Varga E, Erdőhelyi A, Sipos G, Kónya Z, Kukovecz Á. On the effects of milling and thermal regeneration on the luminescence properties of Eu2+ and Dy3+ doped strontium aluminate phosphors. JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2019.116917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Influence of Milling Time on the Homogeneity and Magnetism of a Fe 70Zr 30 Partially Amorphous Alloy: Distribution of Curie Temperatures. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020490. [PMID: 31968600 PMCID: PMC7014023 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the mechanically alloyed Fe70Zr30 (at. %) composition has been used to study the influence of milling time on its homogeneity and magnetic properties. The microstructure and Fe environment results show the formation of an almost fully amorphous alloy after 50 h of milling in a mixture of pure 70 at. % Fe and 30 at. % Zr. The soft magnetic behavior of the samples enhances with the increase of the milling time, which is ascribed to the averaging out of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy as the crystal size decreases and the amorphous fraction increases. The formation of a non-perfectly homogenous system leads to a certain compositional heterogeneity, motivating the existence of a distribution of Curie temperatures. The parameters of the distribution (the average Curie temperature, TC¯, and the broadening of the distribution, ∆TC) have been obtained using a recently reported procedure, based on the analysis of the approach towards the saturation curves and the magnetocaloric effect. The decrease of ∆TC
and the increase of TC¯ with the milling time are in agreement with the microstructural results. As the remaining α-Fe phase decreases, the amorphous matrix is enriched in Fe atoms, enhancing its magnetic response.
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26
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Ochirkhuyag A, Sápi A, Szamosvölgyi Á, Kozma G, Kukovecz Á, Kónya Z. One-pot mechanochemical ball milling synthesis of the MnO x nanostructures as efficient catalysts for CO 2 hydrogenation reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13999-14012. [PMID: 32555892 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01855d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on a one-pot mechanochemical ball milling synthesis of manganese oxide nanostructures synthesized at different milling speeds. The as-synthesized pure oxides and metal (Pt and Cu) doped oxides were tested in the hydrogenation of CO2 in the gas phase. Our study demonstrates the successful synthesis of the manganese oxide nanoparticles via mechano-chemical synthesis. We discovered that the milling speed could tune the crystal structure and the oxidation state of the manganese, which plays an essential role in the CO2 hydrogenation evidenced by ex situ XRD and XPS studies. The pure MnOx milled at 600 rpm showed high catalytic activity (∼20 000 nmol g-1 s-1) at 823 K, which can be attributed to the presence of Mn(ii) besides Mn(iii) and Mn(iv) on the surface under the reaction conditions. This study illustrates that the milling method is a cost-effective, simple way for the production of both pure, Pt-doped and Cu-loaded manganese nanocatalysts for heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Thus, we studied the Pt incorporation effect for the catalytic activity of MnOx using different Pt loading methods such as one-pot milling, wet impregnation and size-controlled 5 nm Pt loading via an ultrasonication-assisted method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altantuya Ochirkhuyag
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, H-6720, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - András Sápi
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, H-6720, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged, Hungary. and Institute of Environmental and Technological Sciences, University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ákos Szamosvölgyi
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, H-6720, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Kozma
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, H-6720, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ákos Kukovecz
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, H-6720, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged, Hungary. and MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, H-6720, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged, Hungary. and MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged, Hungary
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27
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Siderite Formation by Mechanochemical and High Pressure–High Temperature Processes for CO2 Capture Using Iron Ore as the Initial Sorbent. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron ore was studied as a CO2 absorbent. Carbonation was carried out by mechanochemical and high temperature–high pressure (HTHP) reactions. Kinetics of the carbonation reactions was studied for the two methods. In the mechanochemical process, it was analyzed as a function of the CO2 pressure and the rotation speed of the planetary ball mill, while in the HTHP process, the kinetics was studied as a function of pressure and temperature. The highest CO2 capture capacities achieved were 3.7341 mmol of CO2/g of sorbent in ball milling (30 bar of CO2 pressure, 400 rpm, 20 h) and 5.4392 mmol of CO2/g of absorbent in HTHP (50 bar of CO2 pressure, 100 °C and 4 h). To overcome the kinetics limitations, water was introduced to all carbonation experiments. The calcination reactions were studied in Argon atmosphere using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Siderite can be decomposed at the same temperature range (100 °C to 420 °C) for the samples produced by both methods. This range reaches higher temperatures compared with pure iron oxides due to decomposition temperature increase with decreasing purity. Calcination reactions yield magnetite and carbon. A comparison of recyclability (use of the same material in several cycles of carbonation–calcination), kinetics, spent energy, and the amounts of initial material needed to capture 1 ton of CO2, revealed the advantages of the mechanochemical process compared with HTHP.
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28
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Efficient Synthesis of Alkali Borohydrides from Mechanochemical Reduction of Borates Using Magnesium–Aluminum-Based Waste. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lithium borohydride (LiBH4) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4) were synthesized via mechanical milling of LiBO2, and NaBO2 with Mg–Al-based waste under controlled gaseous atmosphere conditions. Following this approach, the results herein presented indicate that LiBH4 and NaBH4 can be formed with a high conversion yield starting from the anhydrous borates under 70 bar H2. Interestingly, NaBH4 can also be obtained with a high conversion yield by milling NaBO2·4H2O and Mg–Al-based waste under an argon atmosphere. Under optimized molar ratios of the starting materials and milling parameters, NaBH4 and LiBH4 were obtained with conversion ratios higher than 99.5%. Based on the collected experimental results, the influence of the milling energy and the correlation with the final yields were also discussed.
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Mechanochemistry of Metal Hydrides: Recent Advances. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12172778. [PMID: 31470536 PMCID: PMC6747837 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper is a collection of selected contributions of the 1st International Workshop on Mechanochemistry of Metal Hydrides that was held in Oslo in May 2018. In this paper, the recent developments in the use of mechanochemistry to synthesize and modify metal hydrides are reviewed. A special emphasis is made on new techniques beside the traditional way of ball milling. High energy milling, ball milling under hydrogen reactive gas, cryomilling and severe plastic deformation techniques such as High-Pressure Torsion (HPT), Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) and cold rolling are discussed. The new characterization method of in-situ X-ray diffraction during milling is described.
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30
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Effect of the Process Parameters on the Energy Transfer during the Synthesis of the 2LiBH4-MgH2 Reactive Hydride Composite for Hydrogen Storage. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several different milling parameters (additive content, rotation velocity, ball-to-powder ratio, degree of filling, and time) affect the hydrogen absorption and desorption properties of a reactive hydride composite (RHC). In this paper, these effects were thoroughly tested and analyzed. The milling process investigated in such detail was performed on the 2LiH-MgB2 system doped with TiCl3. Applying an upgraded empirical model, the transfer of energy to the material during the milling process was determined. In this way, it is possible to compare the obtained experimental results with those from processes at different scales. In addition, the different milling parameters were evaluated independently according to their individual effect on the transferred energy. Their influence on the reaction kinetics and hydrogen capacity was discussed and the results were correlated to characteristics like particle and crystallite size, specific surface area, presence of nucleation sites and contaminants. Finally, an optimal value for the transferred energy was determined, above which the powder characteristics do not change and therefore the RHC system properties do not further improve.
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Ferro AC, Guedes M. Mechanochemical synthesis of hydroxyapatite using cuttlefish bone and chicken eggshell as calcium precursors. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 97:124-140. [PMID: 30678898 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This work explores the possibility of synthesising hydroxyapatite via mechanochemical route using biogenic calcium carbonate sources, namely calcite in chicken eggshell and aragonite in cuttlebone. The calcium source and orthophosphoric acid in ratio complying with Ca/P = 1.67 were submitted to high-energy ball milling with transferred energy values in the 1.6 to 123.0 kWh/g range, in the presence of 6.4 wt% water. Results show that increasing transferred energy results in CaCO3 → DCPD → HA reaction sequence when the used calcium source is cuttlebone, and in CaCO3 → DCPD → DCPA → HA when eggshell is used. The produced calcium orthophosphates exist in delimited energy transfer ranges; HA forms monophasic regions at the highest transferred energy ranges tested. 52.5 kWh/g is the minimum energy value for hydroxyapatite formation starting from eggshell, while only 6.2 kWh/g is required starting from cuttlebone. Calcium orthophosphate dimensionality depends on the supplied energy and on the starting CaCO3 polymorph, and includes nanospheres and nanoplates, and more complex flower-like geometries built from individual nanoparticles. Milling maps were built to systematise the effect of initial CaCO3 polymorph and transferred milling energy on the conditions for hydroxyapatite mechanochemical formation. Obtained results demonstrate the potential of chicken eggshell and cuttlefish bone as natural precursors to produce hydroxyapatite, and the ability of high-energy milling as the corresponding processing route. This indicates an opportunity window for the development of reliable, scalable, fast and cost-effective HA production method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto C Ferro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, ULisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Guedes
- DP2T and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Setúbal School of Technology, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; CeFEMA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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32
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McDonald KA, McDonald MR, Bailey MN, Schweitzer GK. Parametric study on the production of the GAGG:Ce and LSO:Ce multicomponent oxide scintillator materials through use of a planetary ball mill. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13190-13203. [PMID: 30178804 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00637g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The material presented herein focuses on the exploration of the production of gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet and lutetium oxyorthosilicate doped with cerium (GAGG:Ce and LSO:Ce, respectively) through mechanochemical means. Multiple parameters are explored including mass of starting material, ball size, rotational speed of the mill, number of balls employed, and material used for the milling container. Theoretical calculations were conducted using a pre-established equation and showed that, when all other parameters were held constant, in scenarios where (1) a smaller mass of sample, (2) faster revolutions per minute, (3) greater numbers of balls, or (4) a greater density of the material used for the vials and balls were employed, there should be higher energies imparted to the system. Actual results executed appeared to exhibit somewhat congruent results, but showed limitations due to experimental (non-idealized) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn A McDonald
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Colacino E, Carta M, Pia G, Porcheddu A, Ricci PC, Delogu F. Processing and Investigation Methods in Mechanochemical Kinetics. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9196-9209. [PMID: 31459054 PMCID: PMC6644374 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the challenges that emerge in connection with the kinetics of mechanically activated transformations. This is an important topics to comprehend to enable the full exploitation of mechanical processing in a broad spectrum of areas related to chemistry and materials science and engineering. Emerging challenges involve a number of facets regarding materials and material properties, working principles of ball mills and milling conditions, and local changes occurring in series in processed materials. Within this context, it is highly desirable to relate the nature and rate of observed mechanochemical transformations to individual collisions and then to the processes induced by mechanical stresses on the molecular scale. Hence, it is necessary to characterize the milling regimes that can establish in ball mills regarding frequency and energy of collisions, map the relationship between milling dynamics and transformation kinetics, and obtain mechanistic information through proper time-resolved investigations in situ. A few specific hints are provided in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Colacino
- Institut
des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université
de Montpellier, UMR5247 UM-CNRS-ENSCM, Place E. Bataillon, Campus Triolet cc1703, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Maria Carta
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica, e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pia
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica, e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università
degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Pier Carlo Ricci
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università degli Studi
di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesco Delogu
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica, e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
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Kessler M, Woodward RT, Wong N, Rinaldi R. Kinematic Modeling of Mechanocatalytic Depolymerization of α-Cellulose and Beechwood. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:552-561. [PMID: 29205915 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201702060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mechanocatalytic depolymerization of lignocellulose presents a promising method for the solid-state transformation of acidified raw biomass into water-soluble products (WSPs). However, the mechanisms underlining the utilization of mechanical forces in the depolymerization are poorly understood. A kinematic model of the milling process is applied to assess the energy dose transferred to cellulose during its mechanocatalytic depolymerization under varied conditions (rotational speed, milling time, ball size, and substrate loading). The data set is compared to the apparent energy dose calculated from the kinematic model and reveals key features of the mechanocatalytic process. At low energy doses, a rapid rise in the WSP yield associated with the apparent energy dose is observed. However, at a higher energy dose obtained by extended milling duration or high milling speeds, the formation of a substrate cake layer on the mill vials appear to buffer the mechanical forces, preventing full cellulose conversion into WSPs. By contrast, for beechwood, there exists a good linear dependence between the WSP yield and the energy dose provided to the substrate over the entire range of WSP yields. As the formation of a substrate cake in depolymerization of beechwood is less severe than that for the cellulose experiments, the current results verify the hypothesis regarding the negative effect of a substrate layer formed on the mill vials upon the depolymerization process. Overall, the current findings provide valuable insight into relationships between the energy dose and the extent of cellulose depolymerization effected by the mechanocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kessler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Robert T Woodward
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Narumi Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Roberto Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
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Chicardi E, Gotor F, Alcalá M, Córdoba J. Influence of milling parameters on the solid-gas synthesis of TiCxN1−x by mechanically induced self-sustaining reaction. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rapid and direct synthesis of complex perovskite oxides through a highly energetic planetary milling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46241. [PMID: 28387324 PMCID: PMC5384223 DOI: 10.1038/srep46241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for a new and facile synthetic route that is simple, economical and environmentally safe is one of the most challenging issues related to the synthesis of functional complex oxides. Herein, we report the expeditious synthesis of single-phase perovskite oxides by a high-rate mechanochemical reaction, which is generally difficult through conventional milling methods. With the help of a highly energetic planetary ball mill, lead-free piezoelectric perovskite oxides of (Bi, Na)TiO3, (K, Na)NbO3 and their modified complex compositions were directly synthesized with low contamination. The reaction time necessary to fully convert the micron-sized reactant powder mixture into a single-phase perovskite structure was markedly short at only 30-40 min regardless of the chemical composition. The cumulative kinetic energy required to overtake the activation period necessary for predominant formation of perovskite products was ca. 387 kJ/g for (Bi, Na)TiO3 and ca. 580 kJ/g for (K, Na)NbO3. The mechanochemically derived powders, when sintered, showed piezoelectric performance capabilities comparable to those of powders obtained by conventional solid-state reaction processes. The observed mechanochemical synthetic route may lead to the realization of a rapid, one-step preparation method by which to create other promising functional oxides without time-consuming homogenization and high-temperature calcination powder procedures.
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Yembadi R, Panigrahi BB. Thermodynamic Assessments and mechanically activated synthesis of ultrafine Cr 2 AlC MAX phase powders. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Buzaglo M, Bar IP, Varenik M, Shunak L, Pevzner S, Regev O. Graphite-to-Graphene: Total Conversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603528. [PMID: 27991687 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The rush to develop graphene applications mandates mass production of graphene sheets. However, the currently available complex and expensive production technologies are limiting the graphene commercialization. The addition of a protective diluent to graphite during ball-milling is demonstrated to result in a game-changer yield (>90%) of defect-free graphene, whose size is controlled by the milling energy and the diluent type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matat Buzaglo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ilan Pri Bar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Maxim Varenik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Liran Shunak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Svetlana Pevzner
- Department of Chemistry, Nuclear Research Center Negev, 84190, Israel
| | - Oren Regev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Kozma G, Puskás R, Papp I, Bélteky P, Kónya Z, Kukovecz Á. Experimental validation of the Burgio–Rojac model of planetary ball milling by the length control of multiwall carbon nanotubes. CARBON 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Salazar-Tamayo H, Márquez M, Barrero C. Effect of machine variables in the mechanosynthesis of NiFe2O4: A microstructural and kinematical study. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Koner JS, Rajabi-Siahboomi A, Bowen J, Perrie Y, Kirby D, Mohammed AR. A Holistic Multi Evidence Approach to Study the Fragmentation Behaviour of Crystalline Mannitol. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16352. [PMID: 26553127 PMCID: PMC4639810 DOI: 10.1038/srep16352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannitol is an essential excipient employed in orally disintegrating tablets due to its high palatability. However its fundamental disadvantage is its fragmentation during direct compression, producing mechanically weak tablets. The primary aim of this study was to assess the fracture behaviour of crystalline mannitol in relation to the energy input during direct compression, utilising ball milling as the method of energy input, whilst assessing tablet characteristics of post-milled powders. Results indicated that crystalline mannitol fractured at the hydrophilic (011) plane, as observed through SEM, alongside a reduction in dispersive surface energy. Disintegration times of post-milled tablets were reduced due to the exposure of the hydrophilic plane, whilst more robust tablets were produced. This was shown through higher tablet hardness and increased plastic deformation profiles of the post-milled powders, as observed with a lower yield pressure through an out-of-die Heckel analysis. Evaluation of crystal state using x-ray diffraction/differential scanning calorimetry showed that mannitol predominantly retained the β-polymorph; however x-ray diffraction provided a novel method to calculate energy input into the powders during ball milling. It can be concluded that particle size reduction is a pragmatic strategy to overcome the current limitation of mannitol fragmentation and provide improvements in tablet properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasdip S Koner
- Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | | | - James Bowen
- Department of Engineering and Innovation, Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Yvonne Perrie
- Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Daniel Kirby
- Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
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Razavi-Tousi S, Szpunar J. Effect of ball size on steady state of aluminum powder and efficiency of impacts during milling. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Oliveira PFM, Baron M, Chamayou A, André-Barrès C, Guidetti B, Baltas M. Solvent-free mechanochemical route for green synthesis of pharmaceutically attractive phenol-hydrazones. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10489g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Shi F, Shi J, Li Y. Mechanochemical phosphorylation and solubilisation of β-D-glucan from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its biological activities. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103494. [PMID: 25075740 PMCID: PMC4116193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain a water-soluble β-D-glucan derivative cleanly and conveniently, a highly efficient mechanochemical method, planetary ball milling, was used to phosphorylate β-D-glucan isolated from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in solid state. Soluble β-D-glucan phosphate (GP) with a high degree of substitution (0.77-2.09) and an apparent PEAK molecular weight of 6.6-10.0 kDa was produced when β-D-glucan was co-milled with sodium hexametaphosphate at 139.5-186.0 rad/s for 12-20 min. The energy transferred was 3.03-11.98 KJ/g. The phosphorylation of GPs was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 13C and 31P Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Three GP products with different degree of substitution (DS) and degree of polymerisation (DP) were able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, among which GP-2 with a DS of 1.24 and DP of 30.5 exerted the highest immunostimulating activity. Our results indicate that mechanochemical processing is an efficient method for preparing water-soluble and biologically active GP with high DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jikui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Ragab M, Salem HG. Effect of milling energy on the structural evolution and stability of nanostructured Al-5.7wt.% Ni mechanically alloyed eutectic alloy. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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49
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Coceani N, Magarotto L, Ceschia D, Colombo I, Grassi M. Theoretical and experimental analysis of drug release from an ensemble of polymeric particles containing amorphous and nano-crystalline drug. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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50
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A multitechnique approach to assess the effect of ball milling on cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:265-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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