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Lin JT, McKeon TA. SEPARATION OF INTACT PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE MOLECULAR SPECIES BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. T. Lin
- a United States Department of Agriculture , Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California, 94710, U.S.A
| | - T. A. McKeon
- a United States Department of Agriculture , Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service , 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California, 94710, U.S.A
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Pavan L, Hermouet A, Tsatsaris V, Thérond P, Sawamura T, Evain-Brion D, Fournier T. Lipids from oxidized low-density lipoprotein modulate human trophoblast invasion: involvement of nuclear liver X receptors. Endocrinology 2004; 145:4583-91. [PMID: 15242983 DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic implantation involves major invasion of the uterine wall and remodeling of the uterine arteries by extravillous cytotrophoblast cells (EVCT). Abnormalities in these early steps of placental development lead to poor placentation and fetal growth defects and are frequently associated with preeclampsia, a major complication of human pregnancy. We recently showed that oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) are present in situ in EVCT and inhibit cell invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. The aim of the present study was to better understand the mechanisms by which oxLDL modulate trophoblast invasion. We therefore investigated the presence of oxLDL receptors in our cell culture model of human invasive primary EVCT. We found using immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting that the lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 was the scavenger receptor mainly expressed in EVCT and was probably involved in oxLDL uptake. We next examined the effect of low-density lipoprotein oxidative state on trophoblast invasion in vitro using EVCT cultured on Matrigel-coated Transwell. We demonstrated that only oxLDL containing a high proportion of oxysterols and phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide derivatives that provide ligands for liver X receptor (LXR) and peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), respectively, reduced trophoblast invasion. We next investigated the presence and the role of these nuclear receptors and found that in addition to PPARgamma, human invasive trophoblasts express LXRbeta, and activation of these nuclear receptors by specific synthetic or natural ligands inhibited trophoblast invasion. Finally, using a PPARgamma antagonist, we suggest that LXRbeta, rather than PPARgamma, is involved in oxLDL-mediated inhibition of human trophoblast invasion in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Pavan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 427, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université René Descartes , 75006 Paris, France
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Vitrac H, Courrègelongue M, Couturier M, Collin F, Thérond P, Rémita S, Peretti P, Jore D, Gardès-Albert M. Radiation-induced peroxidation of small unilamellar vesicles of phosphatidylcholine generated by sonication. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2004; 82:153-60. [PMID: 15052297 DOI: 10.1139/y04-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at determining the peroxidation of model membranes constituted of liposomes of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PLPC) submitted to hydroxyl free radicals (generated by γ-radiolysis) attack. Liposomes of PLPC were prepared using the sonication technique, and dynamic light-scattering (DLS) measurements allowed characterization of the liposomal dispersions. Irradiation damages in sonication-generated liposomes were assessed by monitoring several oxidation products, such as conjugated dienes (by means of UV–visible spectrophotometry) and hydroperoxides (using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) associated with chemiluminescence detection). It has been shown that three different families of hydroperoxides are formed: the first one (at low radiation doses) results from HO· attack on the linoleyl chain of PLPC, giving phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides possessing a conjugated dienic structure; the two others (at high radiation doses) are obtained by the secondary HO· attack on the primary hydroperoxide family. The quantification of these products associated with the comparison of their radiation-dose-dependent formation has provided valuable information concerning the mechanisms of their formation. Analysis by HPLC – mass spectrometry has confirmed the presence of hydroperoxides and underlined various other products, like chain-shortened fragments and oxygenated derivatives of polyunsaturated sn-2 fatty acyl chain residues. Structural assignment proposals of some oxidation products have been proposed.Key words: radiolysis, phospholipids, peroxidation, hydroperoxides, liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vitrac
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8601 -- CNRS, Université Paris 5, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris CEDEX 06, France.
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Zarev S, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Jedidi I, Cosson C, Couturier M, Legrand A, Beaudeux JL, Thérond P. Extent of copper LDL oxidation depends on oxidation time and copper/LDL ratio: chemical characterization. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003; 420:68-78. [PMID: 14622976 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2003.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine, as a function of [Cu(2+)]/[LDL] ratios (0.5 and 0.05) and of oxidation phases, the extent of LDL oxidation by assessing the lipid and apo B oxidation products. The main results showed that: (i) kinetics of conjugated diene formation presented four phases for Cu(2+)/LDL ratio of 0.5 and two phases for [Cu(2+)]/[LDL] ratio of 0.05; (ii) oxidation product formation (cholesteryl ester and phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides, apo B carbonyl groups) occurred early in the presence of endogenous antioxidants, under both copper oxidation conditions; (iii) apo B carbonylated fragments appeared when antioxidants were totally consumed at [Cu(2+)]/[LDL] ratio of 0.5; and (iv) antioxidant concentrations were stable, oxysterol formation was negligible, and no carbonylated fragment was detected at [Cu(2+)]/[LDL] ratio of 0.05. Depending on the copper/LDL ratio, oxidized LDL differ greatly in the nature of lipid peroxidation product and the degree of apo B fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Zarev
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique et Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
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Hornero-Méndez D, Pérez-Gálvez A, Mínguez-Mosquera MI. A rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of peroxide value in food lipids with high carotenoid content. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-001-0404-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dámaso Hornero-Méndez
- ; Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de la Grasa; CSIC; Av. Padre García Tejero, 4 41012 Sevilla Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Gálvez
- ; Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de la Grasa; CSIC; Av. Padre García Tejero, 4 41012 Sevilla Spain
| | - Ma Isabel Mínguez-Mosquera
- ; Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de la Grasa; CSIC; Av. Padre García Tejero, 4 41012 Sevilla Spain
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Manuel y Keenoy B, Shen H, Engelen W, Vertommen J, Van Dessel G, Lagrou A, De Leeuw I. Long-term pharmacologic doses of vitamin E only moderately affect the erythrocytes of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Nutr 2001; 131:1723-30. [PMID: 11385059 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.6.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In erythrocytes from diabetic patients, increased membrane lipid peroxidation might lead to abnormalities in composition and function. To study this relationship, we investigated the effects of a moderate pharmacologic dose of vitamin E for 1 y on erythrocyte membrane peroxidation in vitro and on its fatty acid composition, antioxidant capacity and rheological function. In a random and double-blind manner, type 1 diabetic patients (n = 44) were assigned to the following two groups: Group S received 250 IU (168 mg) d-alpha tocopherol 3 times daily for 1 y. Group P received placebo for 6 mo followed by d-alpha-tocopherol for an additional 6 mo. Variables were monitored every 3 mo. After 3 mo of supplementation, serum vitamin E doubled (P < 0.0005), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in erythrocyte membranes incubated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide decreased by 25% (P = 0.006) and the lagtime of fluorescence increased from 28 +/- 16 to 41 +/- 28 min (P = 0.028). Patients who did not respond to supplementation (13 of 44) had lower serum lipids (P = 0.017) and body mass index (P = 0.024). We did not detect any significant effects of vitamin E supplementation on membrane lipid composition, antioxidant capacity or blood viscosity. Continuing supplementation for up to 1 y did not further affect serum vitamin E or membrane peroxidation. Stopping supplementation was followed by a return to inclusion values. These results show that the decrease in erythrocyte membrane peroxidation after vitamin E supplementation is moderate, saturable, reversible, restricted to some individuals and has no detectable effect on erythrocyte composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Manuel y Keenoy
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium.
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Davit-Spraul A, Cosson C, Couturier M, Hadchouel M, Legrand A, Lemonnier F, Therond P. Standard treatment of alpha-tocopherol in Alagille patients with severe cholestasis is insufficient. Pediatr Res 2001; 49:232-6. [PMID: 11158519 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-200102000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) is the most effective lipid-soluble antioxidant present in cells. We investigated the efficacy of alpha-T supplements for preventing lipid peroxidation in patients with Alagille syndrome, according to the severity of cholestasis. Patients were assigned to two groups on the basis of plasma bilirubin concentration (group I, bilirubin <100 microM; group II, bilirubin >100 microM). alpha-T concentrations were determined in plasma, in isolated lipoproteins, and in red blood cell membranes. In both groups of patients, alpha-T concentrations in plasma were similar to those in control subjects, but the distribution of alpha-T in lipoproteins was affected by the abnormal lipoprotein pattern in these patients. The efficacy of alpha-T was estimated by determining the amount of hydroperoxide produced from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) molecular species owing to oxidative stress induced by lipoxygenase treatment. The concentrations of phosphatidylcholine molecular species and its corresponding hydroperoxides were significantly higher in both groups of patients. In group I, alpha-T and PE molecular species concentrations were similar to those in control subjects, but PE hydroperoxide concentrations were higher than those in the control subjects. In group II, alpha-T concentration was significantly lower and the concentrations of some PE molecular species and all PE hydroperoxides were lower than those in the control subjects. In conclusion, erythrocyte membrane alpha-T concentration was significantly lower only in patients with severe jaundice, despite alpha-T supplementation, raising the question as to whether the usual treatment was appropriate in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Davit-Spraul
- INSERM U347, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
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Lin JT, Lew KM, Chen JM, McKeon TA. Separation of the molecular species of intact phosphatidylethanolamines and their N-monomethyl and N,N-dimethyl derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography on a C8 column. J Chromatogr A 2000; 891:349-53. [PMID: 11043795 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a gradient reversed-phase C8 high-performance liquid chromatography method for the separation of molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) and their N-monomethyl and N,N-dimethyl derivatives. This method uses a 40-min linear gradient of 88-100% methanol, containing ammonium hydroxide as silanol suppressing agent, and is suitable for metabolic studies using both UV detection at 205 nm and radioactivity flow detection. The elution order of a given PE is inversely related to the polarity of its fatty acid constituents. Lipid classes studied here containing the same fatty acyl chains elute in the order: PE-N,N-dimethyl<PE<PE-N-monomethyl<phosphatidylcholine, indicating that elution order is not simply a function of the numbers of methyl groups on the nitrogen atom of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Lin
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
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Therond P, Abella A, Laurent D, Couturier M, Chalas J, Legrand A, Lindenbaum A. In vitro study of the cytotoxicity of isolated oxidized lipid low-density lipoproteins fractions in human endothelial cells: relationship with the glutathione status and cell morphology. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 28:585-96. [PMID: 10719240 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Toxic effects of oxidized lipid compounds contained in oxidized LDL to endothelial cells are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in the redox status of the cell and in the protective effect against oxidant injuries. However, little is known about the respective effect of these different oxidized lipid compounds toward cytotoxicity and GSH status of the cell. In this report, we isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography oxidized lipid compounds from low-density lipoproteins (LDL) oxidized by copper and we examined their effects on cultured endothelial cells. Cytotoxicity and GSH status were determined after incubation of endothelial cells with crude LDL or isolated lipid fractions derived from cholesterol, phospholipids, or cholesteryl esters. Their effects on cell morphology were also assessed. Oxidized lipids coming from cholesteryl esters (hydroperoxides or short-chain polar derivatives) induced a slight but significant GSH depletion without inducing cytotoxicity. The same species coming from phospholipids induced a more pronounced GSH depletion and a cytotoxic effect which is only present for the more polar compounds (short-chain polar derivatives) and corresponding to a total GSH depletion. In contrast, fractions containing oxysterols had a larger cytotoxic effect than their effect on GSH depletion suggesting that their cytotoxic effects are mediated by a GSH-independent pathway. All together, these data suggest that LDL-associated oxidized lipids present in copper-oxidized LDL exert cytotoxicity by an additional or synergistic effect on GSH depletion, but also by another mechanism independent of the redox status of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Therond
- Inserm U347, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Davit-Spraul A, Thérond P, Leroy A, Palmade-Rieunier F, Rousset C, Moatti N, Legrand A. Inhibition of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase by phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides. FEBS Lett 1999; 447:106-10. [PMID: 10218592 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To gain insight into the nature of the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitory factor(s), we separated and collected the oxidation products from oxidized lipoproteins after lipoxygenase treatment. Isolated fractions identified by chemiluminescence, as hydroperoxides of phosphatidylcholine, were found to produce a significant reduction of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity. The reaction kinetics of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase with reconstitued high density lipoproteins were studied in the presence of 0.6 and 1.2 microM hydroperoxides of phosphatidylcholine. No significant changes in the apparent Vmax were observed but a concentration-dependent increase in slope of the reciprocal plots and in the apparent Km values was observed with increasing hydroperoxide concentrations. These results show that the active site of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase is not affected by the presence of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides. Nevertheless, hydroperoxides of phosphatidylcholine altered the reactivity of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase for reconstitued high density lipoproteins suggesting either an alteration of the binding of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase to the reconstitued high density lipoproteins or a competitive inhibition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Davit-Spraul
- Biochimie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
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Mawatari S, Murakami K. Analysis of membrane phospholipid peroxidation by isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Anal Biochem 1998; 264:118-23. [PMID: 9784195 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1998.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for separation of phospholipid classes with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 210 nm was applied to study of peroxidation of the human erythrocyte membranes induced by soybean lipoxygenase. Phospholipid hydroperoxide production of each phospholipid was monitored at the same time by UV at 234 nm. Each phospholipid class was collected directly from the HPLC of phospholipids and was subjected to fatty acid analysis. All phospholipid classes except sphingomyelin were significantly decreased by lipoxygenase. Production of each phospholipid hydroperoxide was according to the decrease of its corresponding phospholipid class. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of each phospholipid were preferentially decreased with lipoxygenase, and degrees of the changes of the phospholipid classes corresponded to the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids of each phospholipid. alpha-Tocopherol suppressed the decrease of the membrane phospholipids by peroxidation and suppressed also the production of malondialdehyde. However, production of phospholipid hydroperoxides appeared to be not suppressed by alpha-tocopherol. The present HPLC method proved to be sensitive to peroxidation of phospholipids and could detect the changes of each phospholipid class including phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol at a single chromatographic elution. Production of hydroperoxide of each phospholipid could be detected simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mawatari
- Faculty of Human Environmental Science, Fukuoka Women's University, 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Fukuoka, Higashi-ku, 813, Japan
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Separation of synthetic phosphatidylcholine molecular species by high-performance liquid chromatography on a C8 column. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bao Y, Williamson G. alpha-Tocopherol enhances the peroxidase activity of hemoglobin on phospholipid hydroperoxide. Redox Rep 1997; 3:325-30. [PMID: 9754332 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.1997.11747130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used direct separation of phospholipid hydroperoxide and phospholipid hydroxide by high performance liquid chromatography to examine the phospholipid hydroperoxide peroxidase activity of hemoglobin (Hb) in the presence of hydrogen donors. Hb exhibits phospholipid hydroperoxide peroxidase activity and rapidly breaks down phospholipid hydroperoxide to thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. However, in the presence of alpha-tocopherol, some phospholipid hydroperoxide is converted to phospholipid hydroxide, which is more stable than the hydroperoxide and is much less reactive with thiobarbituric acid. Other electron donors such as glutathione and ascorbate are less effective than alpha-tocopherol. Free cysteine also shows some ability to reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides to corresponding hydroxides, but cys-93 beta of Hb did not participate in the reaction, as shown by N-ethylmaleimide modification. Hemin alone catalysed the reaction, in the absence of protein. The results therefore show that Hb catalyses an apparent phospholipid hydroperoxide alpha-tocopherol peroxidase reaction due to bound hemin, and that the reduction depends on the ability of hydrogen donors to react with the intermediate phospholipid alkoxyl radical and does not involve reduction by deprotonated sulfhydryl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bao
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Food Research, Colney, Norwich, UK
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