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Upender I, Yoshida O, Schrecengost A, Ranson H, Wu Q, Rowley DC, Kishore S, Cywes C, Miller EL, Whalen KE. A marine-derived fatty acid targets the cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0031023. [PMID: 37905811 PMCID: PMC10662121 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00310-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE With the lack of new antibiotics in the drug discovery pipeline, coupled with accelerated evolution of antibiotic resistance, new sources of antibiotics that target pathogens of clinical importance are paramount. Here, we use bacterial cytological profiling to identify the mechanism of action of the monounsaturated fatty acid (Z)-13-methyltetra-4-decenoic acid isolated from the marine bacterium Olleya marilimosa with antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria. The fatty acid antibiotic was found to rapidly destabilize the cell membrane by pore formation and membrane aggregation in Bacillus subtilis, suggesting that this fatty acid may be a promising adjuvant used in combination to enhance antibiotic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Upender
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Olivia Yoshida
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Schrecengost
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hilary Ranson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Qihao Wu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - David C. Rowley
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Shreya Kishore
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claire Cywes
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric L. Miller
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristen E. Whalen
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Horká P, Vrkoslav V, Kindl J, Schwarzová-Pecková K, Cvačka J. Structural Characterization of Unusual Fatty Acid Methyl Esters with Double and Triple Bonds Using HPLC/APCI-MS 2 with Acetonitrile In-Source Derivatization. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216468. [PMID: 34770878 PMCID: PMC8588306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Double and triple bonds have significant effects on the biological activities of lipids. Determining multiple bond positions in their molecules by mass spectrometry usually requires chemical derivatization. This work presents an HPLC/MS method for pinpointing the double and triple bonds in fatty acids. Fatty acid methyl esters were separated by reversed-phase HPLC with an acetonitrile mobile phase. In the APCI source, acetonitrile formed reactive species, which added to double and triple bonds to form [M + C3H5N]+• ions. Their collisional activation in an ion trap provided fragments helpful in localizing the multiple bond positions. This approach was applied to fatty acids with isolated, cumulated, and conjugated double bonds and triple bonds. The fatty acids were isolated from the fat body of early-nesting bumblebee Bombus pratorum and seeds or seed oils of Punicum granatum, Marrubium vulgare, and Santalum album. Using the method, the presence of the known fatty acids was confirmed, and new ones were discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Horká
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 166 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (V.V.); (J.K.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 166 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (V.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Jiří Kindl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 166 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (V.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Karolina Schwarzová-Pecková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 166 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (V.V.); (J.K.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-220-183-303
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3
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Ereskovsky A, Kovtun OA, Pronin KK, Apostolov A, Erpenbeck D, Ivanenko V. Sponge community of the western Black Sea shallow water caves: diversity and spatial distribution. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4596. [PMID: 29761036 PMCID: PMC5947102 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine caves possess unique biocoenotic and ecological characteristics. Sessile benthic species such as sponges associated with cave habitats typically show a marked zonation from the cave entrance towards the end of the cave. We describe three semi-submerged karstic caves of 50 to 83 m length and 936 to 2,291 m3 volume from the poorly explored cavernicolous fauna of North-East Bulgaria. We surveyed sponge diversity and spatial variability. Eight demosponge species were identified based on morphological and molecular data, of which six are known from the adjacent open sea waters of the Black Sea. Two species, Protosuberites denhartogi van Soest & de Kluijver, 2003 and Halichondria bowerbanki Burton, 1930, are reported from the Black Sea for the first time. The spatial sponge distribution inside the caves is in general similar, but shows some differences in species composition and distribution depending on cave relief and hydrodynamics. The species composition of sponges of Bulgarian caves is found to be different from Crimean caves. An updated checklist of the Black Sea sponges is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ereskovsky
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Marseille, France.,Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg A Kovtun
- Hydrobiology and General Ecology Department, Marine Research Station, Odessa National I. I. Mechnikov University, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Konstantin K Pronin
- Physical and Marine Geology Department, Odessa National I. I. Mechnikov University, Odessa, Ukraine
| | | | - Dirk Erpenbeck
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences & GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Viatcheslav Ivanenko
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Santalova EA, Denisenko VA. Fatty Acids from a Glass Sponge Aulosaccus sp. Occurrence of New Cyclopropane-Containing and Methyl-Branched Acids. Lipids 2016; 52:73-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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The (5Z)-5-Pentacosenoic and 5-Pentacosynoic Acids Inhibit the HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase. Lipids 2015; 50:1043-50. [PMID: 26345647 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The natural fatty acids (5Z)-5-pentacosenoic and (9Z)-9-pentacosenoic acids were synthesized for the first time in eight steps starting from either 4-bromo-1-butanol or 8-bromo-1-butanol and in 20-58% overall yields, while the novel fatty acids 5-pentacosynoic and 9-pentacosynoic acids were also synthesized in six steps and in 34-43% overall yields. The ∆(5) acids displayed the best IC50's (24-38 µM) against the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme, comparable to nervonic acid (IC50 = 12 µM). The ∆(9) acids were not as effective towards HIV-RT with the (9Z)-9-pentacosenoic acid displaying an IC50 = 54 µM and the 9-pentacosynoic acid not inhibiting the enzyme at all. Fatty acid chain length and position of the unsaturation was important for the observed inhibition. None of the synthesized fatty acids were toxic (IC50 > 500 µM) towards peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Molecular modeling studies indicated the structural determinants underlying the biological activity of the most potent compounds. These results provide new insights into the structural requirements that must be present in fatty acids so as to enhance their inhibitory potential towards HIV-RT.
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6
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Koopmans M, van Rijswijk P, Boschker HTS, Marco H, Martens D, Wijffels RH. Seasonal variation of Fatty acids and stable carbon isotopes in sponges as indicators for nutrition: biomarkers in sponges identified. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 17:43-54. [PMID: 25107690 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-014-9594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To get a better understanding of sponge feeding biology and efficiencies, the fatty acid (FA) composition and (13)C natural abundance of sponges and of suspended particulate matter (SPM) from surrounding seawater was studied in different seasons at three locations. Haliclona oculata and Haliclona xena from the Oosterschelde, the Netherlands, Halichondria panicea and H. xena from Lake Veere, the Netherlands, and Aplysina aerophoba and Dysidea avara from the Mediterranean, Spain, were studied. Several FA biomarkers for different algal groups, bacteria and sponge biomass were identified in all sponges. The FA concentration variation in sponges was related to changes in fatty acid concentration in SPM. Stable carbon isotopic ratios (δ(13)C) in sponge specific FAs showed very limited seasonal variation at all sites. Algal FAs in sponges were mainly acquired from the SPM through active filtration in all seasons. At the two sites in the Netherlands only in May (spring), the sponge specific FAs had similar δ(13)C ratios as algal FAs, suggesting that sponges were mainly growing during spring and probably summer. During autumn and winter, they were still actively filtering, but the food collected during this period had little effect on sponge δ(13)C values suggesting limited incorporation of filtered material into the sponge body. The sponge A. aerophoba relied mostly on the symbiotic bacteria. In conclusion, fatty acid composition in combination with stable carbon isotope analysis can be used to analyze the food source of sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Koopmans
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering Group, Wageningen University, P.O. 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
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7
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Watson JR, Brennan TCR, Degnan BM, Degnan SM, Krömer JO. Analysis of the biomass composition of the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica on Heron Island Reef, Australia. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3733-53. [PMID: 24960461 PMCID: PMC4071599 DOI: 10.3390/md12063733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are a potential source of important pharmaceutical drugs, the commercialisation of which is restricted by the difficulties of obtaining a sufficient and regular supply of biomass. One way to optimize commercial cell lines for production is the in-depth characterization and target identification through genome scale metabolic modeling and flux analysis. By applying these tools to a sponge, we hope to gain insights into how biomass is formed. We chose Amphimedon queenslandica as it has an assembled and annotated genome, a prerequisite for genome scale modeling. The first stepping stone on the way to metabolic flux analysis in a sponge holobiont, is the characterization of its biomass composition. In this study we quantified the macromolecular composition and investigated the variation between and within sponges of a single population. We found lipids and protein to be the most abundant macromolecules, while carbohydrates were the most variable. We also analysed the composition and abundance of the fatty acids and amino acids, the important building blocks required to synthesise the abundant macromolecule types, lipids, and protein. These data complement the extensive genomic information available for A. queenslandica and lay the basis for genome scale modelling and flux analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabin R Watson
- School of Biological Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Timothy C R Brennan
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Group, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Bernard M Degnan
- School of Biological Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Sandie M Degnan
- School of Biological Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Jens O Krömer
- Centre for Microbial Electrosynthesis (CEMES), Advanced Water Management Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Abstract
The well-known fatty acids with a Δ5,9 unsaturation system were designated for a long period as demospongic acids, taking into account that they originally occurred in marine Demospongia sponges. However, such acids have also been observed in various marine sources with a large range of chain-lengths (C16–C32) and from some terrestrial plants with short acyl chains (C18–C19). Finally, the Δ5,9 fatty acids appear to be a particular type of non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids (NMA FAs). This article reviews the occurrence of these particular fatty acids in marine and terrestrial organisms and shows the biosynthetic connections between Δ5,9 fatty acids and other NMI FAs.
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9
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Koopmans M, van Rijswijk P, Martens D, Egorova-Zachernyuk TA, Middelburg JJ, Wijffels RH. Carbon conversion and metabolic rate in two marine sponges. MARINE BIOLOGY 2010; 158:9-20. [PMID: 24489407 PMCID: PMC3906708 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-010-1538-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The carbon metabolism of two marine sponges, Haliclona oculata and Dysidea avara, has been studied using a 13C isotope pulse-chase approach. The sponges were fed 13C-labeled diatoms (Skeletonema costatum) for 8 h and they took up between 75 and 85%. At different times, sponges were sampled for total 13C enrichment, and fatty acid (FA) composition and 13C enrichment. Algal biomarkers present in the sponges were highly labeled after feeding but their labeling levels decreased until none was left 10 days after enrichment. The sponge-specific FAs incorporated 13C label already during the first day and the amount of 13C label inside these FAs kept increasing until 3 weeks after labeling. The algal-derived carbon captured by the sponges during the 8-h feeding period was thus partly respired and partly metabolized during the weeks following. Apparently, sponges are able to capture enough food during short periods to sustain longer-term metabolism. The change of carbon metabolic rate of fatty acid synthesis due to mechanical damage of sponge tissue was studied by feeding sponges with 13C isotope-labeled diatom (Pheaodactylum tricornutum) either after or before damaging and tracing back the 13C content in the damaged and healthy tissue. The filtration and respiration in both sponges responded quickly to damage. The rate of respiration in H. oculata reduced immediately after damage, but returned to its initial level after 6 h. The 13C data revealed that H. oculata has a higher metabolic rate in the tips where growth occurs compared to the rest of the tissue and that the metabolic rate is increased after damage of the tissue. For D. avara, no differences were found between damaged and non-damaged tissue. However, the filtration rate decreased directly after damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Koopmans
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering group, Wageningen University, P.O. 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P. van Rijswijk
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - D. Martens
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering group, Wageningen University, P.O. 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T. A. Egorova-Zachernyuk
- Protein Labelling Innovation (PLI), BioScience Park, Archimedesweg 27, 2333 CM Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. J. Middelburg
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. H. Wijffels
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Bioprocess Engineering group, Wageningen University, P.O. 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Rodríguez W, Osorno O, Ramos FA, Duque C, Zea S. New fatty acids from Colombian Caribbean Sea sponges. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Dagorn F, Dumay J, Wielgosz-Collin G, Rabesaotra V, Viau M, Monniot C, Biard JF, Barnathan G. Phospholipid Distribution and Phospholipid Fatty Acids of the Tropical Tunicates Eudistoma sp. and Leptoclinides uniorbis. Lipids 2010; 45:253-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Řezanka T, Sigler K. Odd-numbered very-long-chain fatty acids from the microbial, animal and plant kingdoms. Prog Lipid Res 2009; 48:206-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Barnathan G. Non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids from marine invertebrates: Occurrence, characterization and biological properties. Biochimie 2009; 91:671-8. [PMID: 19376188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms, in particular invertebrates, have proved to be a major source of unique fatty acid (FA) structures originating from unusual biosynthetic pathways. Among them, non-methylene-interrupted (NMI) FA occur in various molluscs in the wide ranges of concentrations (up to 20%), such as the most often encountered 20:2 Delta5,11, 20:2 Delta5,13, 22:2 Delta7,13 or 22:2 Delta7,15. Such NMI FA have also been reported from algae, echinoderms, sponges, tropical rays, and many other invertebrates. The most intriguing marine invertebrates seem to be sponges that commonly contain very long-chain Delta5,9 FA. A third double bond can occur in the NMI FA as reported in some marine organisms, such as 20:3 Delta7,13,16 or 30:3 Delta5,9,23. Lipids of invertebrates from deep-sea hydrothermal and cold-seep vents gave rise to an intense research activity including reports on unprecedented NMI polyunsaturated FA. The bivalve molluscs are able to synthesize de novo the NMI FA but their precise biological interest is presently not well-known, although structural and functional roles in biological membranes have been suggested, in particular a higher resistance to oxidative processes and microbial lipases. Biosynthetic pathways of Delta5,9 FA in sponges were demonstrated up to C(26) FA structures and include particular elongation and desaturation steps. Recently, intense research effort has been conducted to investigate the biomedical potential of these unusual FA. Thus, Delta5,9 FA displayed interesting antiplasmodial activity. The most promising FA topoisomerase I inhibitors to date seem to be the long-chain Delta5,9 FA. This inhibitory activity is probably partially responsible for the toxicity displayed by some of the Delta5,9 FA towards cancer cell lines.
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Hagemann A, Voigt O, Wörheide G, Thiel V. The sterols of calcareous sponges (Calcarea, Porifera). Chem Phys Lipids 2008; 156:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Unusual Fatty Acid Isomers of Triacylglycerols and Polar Lipids in Female Limpet Gonads of Cellana grata. Lipids 2008; 43:559-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Cvačka J, Kofroňová E, Vašíčková S, Stránský K, Jiroš P, Hovorka O, Kindl J, Valterová I. Unusual Fatty Acids in the Fat Body of the Early Nesting Bumblebee, Bombus pratorum. Lipids 2008; 43:441-50. [PMID: 18365265 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Kebir MVOE, Barnathan G, Gaydou EM, Siau Y, Miralles J. Fatty Acids in Liver, Muscle and Gonad of three Tropical Rays including Non-Methylene-Interrupted Dienoic Fatty Acids. Lipids 2007; 42:525-35. [PMID: 17404769 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-007-3040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Scientific investigation of lipids in Elasmobranchs has been conducted mainly on shark species. Because rays seem to be neglected, this study was performed to examine the complete fatty acid (FA) composition with a particular interest for long-chain polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) content in different tissues of three ray species including parts usually discarded. The total FA and PUFA profiles of total lipids were determined in muscle, liver, and gonad of Rhinobatos cemiculus, Rhinoptera marginata, and Dasyatis marmorata, the most often caught ray species from the East Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Fifty FA were characterized as methyl esters and N-acyl pyrrolidides by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, showing significant levels of 20:5n-3 (EPA) (up to 5.3%) and 22:5n-3 (DPA) (up to 7.3%), high levels of 20:4n-6 arachidonic (ARA) (4.8-8.6% of total FA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) (up to 20.0%). The results show that muscle, liver and gonad of rays can provide high amounts of essential PUFA, specially DHA, for direct human nutrition or the food processing industry. High proportions of DHA were particularly found in all samples of R. cemiculus (11.6-20.0%), and in muscle and liver of D. marmorata (11.1-16.1%). Regarding the high amounts of (n-3) PUFA, this study shows that these rays deserve a better up-grading, including the normally discarded parts, and describes the occurrence of unusual NMID FA in all tissues studied. Five non-methylene-interrupted dienoic fatty acids (NMID FA) (0-3.4%) were reported, including previously known isomers, namely 20:2 Delta7,13, 20:2 Delta7,15, 22:2 Delta7,13, 22:2 Delta7,15, and new 22:2 Delta6,14. These acids are quite unusual in fish and unprecedented in rays. The 22:2 Delta6,14 acid occurred in gonads of male specimens of R. cemiculus at 2.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Vall Ould El Kebir
- Laboratoire de Phytochimie de Marseille, UMR CNRS 6171, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Saint-Jérôme, Université Paul Cézanne, Case 531, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niémen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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18
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Schreiber A, Wörheide G, Thiel V. The fatty acids of calcareous sponges (Calcarea, Porifera). Chem Phys Lipids 2006; 143:29-37. [PMID: 16842768 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-nine specimens of calcareous sponges (Class Calcarea, Phylum Porifera), covering thirteen representative species of the families Soleneiscidae, Leucaltidae, Levinellidae, Leucettidae, Clathrinidae, Sycettidae, Grantiidae, Jenkinidae, and Heteropiidae were analysed for their fatty acids. The fatty acids of Calcarea generally comprise saturated and monounsaturated linear (n-), and terminally methylated (iso-, anteiso-) C(14)-C(20) homologues. Furthermore, polyunsaturated C(22) fatty acids and the isoprenoic 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoic acid were found. The most prominent compounds are n-C(16), iso-C(17), iso-C(18), n-C(18), n-C(20). In addition, a high abundance of the exotic 16-methyloctadecanoic acid (anteiso-C(19)) appears to be a characteristic trait of Calcarea. Long-chain 'demospongic acids', typically found in Demospongiae and Hexactinellida, are absent in Calcarea. The completely different strategy of calcarean fatty acid synthesis supports their phylogenetic distinctiveness from a common Demospongiae/Hexactinellida taxon. Both intraspecific and intraclass patterns of Calcarea showed great similarity, suggesting a conserved fatty acid composition that already existed in the last common ancestor of Calcinea and Calcaronea, i.e. before subclasses diverged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schreiber
- Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum der Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstrasse 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Kawashima H. Unusual minor nonmethylene-interrupted di-, tri-, and tetraenoic fatty acids in limpet gonads. Lipids 2005; 40:627-30. [PMID: 16149742 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-005-1424-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Unusual minor nonmethylene-interrupted (NMI) FA have been identified in the lipids of gonads from the limpets Cellana grata and Collisella dorsuosa by using GC-MS of the combination of their 4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivatives and picolinyl esters. Among 23 NMI unsaturated FA from C18 to C22 and C24 identified in this study, 5,11-nonadecadienoic (5,11-19:2), 7,1 6-heneicosadienoic (7,16-21:2), 9,15-tetracosadienoic (9,15-24:2), 5,9,15-docosatrienoic (5,9,15-22:3), and 5,9,15-tetracosatrienoic (5,9,15-24:3) acids may not have been reported previously from living organisms. The presence of 5,11,14,17-eicosatetraenonoic (5,11,14,17-20:4) and 7,13,16,19-docosatetraenenoic (7,13,16,19-22:4) acids as FA components in marine mollusks may be reported here for the first time. In this study, the male and female gonads of both species showed distinct differences in both their composition and proportions of NMI FA. Most NMI FA identified were mainly present in the female gonads of both species, especially in TAG that contained 21 NMI FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kawashima
- Bioscience Laboratory, Miyako College Division, Iwate Prefectural University, Iwate 027-0039, Japan.
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20
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Nechev J, Christie WW, Robaina R, de Diego F, Popov S, Stefanov K. Lipid composition of the spongeVerongia aerophoba from the Canary Islands. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-9312(200212)104:12<800::aid-ejlt800>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Carballeira NM, Alicea J. The first naturally occurring alpha-methoxylated branched-chain fatty acids from the phospholipids of Amphimedon complanata. Lipids 2001; 36:83-7. [PMID: 11214735 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-001-0672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipid fatty acid composition of the sponge Amphimedon complanata was reinvestigated, and the 2-methoxy-13-methyltetradecanoic acid, 2-methoxy-14-methylpentadecanoic acid, and 2-methoxy-13-methylpentadecanoic acid were identified for the first time in nature. Structure characterization was accomplished by means of gas chromatographic retention times and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These acids could have originated from bacteria in symbiosis with the sponge.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Carballeira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras 00931.
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22
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Carballeira NM, Guzmán A, Nechev JT, Lahtchev K, Ivanova A, Stefanov K. Unusual lipid composition of a Bacillus sp. isolated from Lake Pomorie in Bulgaria. Lipids 2000; 35:1371-5. [PMID: 11201999 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-000-0654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The lipid composition of a Bacillus sp., isolated from Lake Pomorie in Bulgaria, was unusual and consisted of 26 different fatty acids between C12 and C26, with anteiso C15-C17 saturated fatty acids predominating. The furan fatty acid, 10,13-epoxy-11-methyloctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid, was also identified, a new finding for this genus. The hydrocarbons consisted of 30 different monounsaturated hydrocarbons, between C25 and C30, with the iso-iso, iso-anteiso, anteiso-anteiso, iso-normal, and anteiso-normal methyl branching for odd-numbered chains, and the iso-iso, iso-anteiso, iso-normal, and anteiso-normal methyl branching for even-numbered chains. The double bond positions in these hydrocarbons were determined by dimethyl disulfide derivatization followed by GC-MS, and the double-bond cis configuration was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Some previously unknown hydrocarbons in bacteria, such as (Z)-3,21-dimethyl-9-tricosene, (Z)-3,21-dimethyl-10-tricosene, (Z)-2,24-dimethyl-11-pentacosene, and (Z)-2,25-dimethyl-13-hexacosene were identified. Sterols were detected and were based on the sitosterol nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Carballeira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00931, USA.
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23
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Carballeira NM, Pagán M, Shalabi F, Nechev JT, Lahtchev K, Ivanova A, Stefanov K. Two novel iso-branched octadecenoic acids from a Micrococcus species. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2000; 63:1573-1575. [PMID: 11087614 DOI: 10.1021/np000305r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The novel fatty acids 16-methyl-6(Z)-heptadecenoic acid and 16-methyl-8(Z)-heptadecenoic acid were identified for the first time in nature in a species of the bacterium Micrococcus isolated from Lake Pomorie in Bulgaria. The principal fatty acids in this bacterium were a series of iso-anteiso fatty acids with chain lengths between C(14) and C(24), while the most interesting series of monounsaturated fatty acids was a family of Delta(6) fatty acids with chain lengths between C(14) and C(17). The novel compounds were characterized using a combination of GC-MS and chemical transformations, such as dimethyl disulfide derivatization and catalytic hydrogenation. The results established for the first time a bacterial origin for some of these Delta(6) fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Carballeira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23346, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA.
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24
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De Rosa S, De Giulio A, Tommonaro G, Popov S, Kujumgiev A. A beta-amino acid containing tripeptide from a Pseudomonas-alteromonas bacterium associated with a black sea sponge. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2000; 63:1454-1455. [PMID: 11076579 DOI: 10.1021/np0002132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel tripeptide, 1, was isolated from the extracellular extract of a Pseudomonas-Alteromonas bacterium that was associated with the Black Sea sponge Dysidea fragilis. Compound 1 contains the novel beta-aminopimelic acid described for the first time from a natural product. The structure of 1 is suggested on the basis of the analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S De Rosa
- Istituto per la Chimica di Molecole di Interesse Biologico, CNR, Via Toiano 6, 80072 Arco Felice, Napoli, Italy.
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25
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De Rosa S, Milone A, Kujumgiev A, Stefanov K, Nechev I, Popov S. Metabolites from a marine bacterium Pseudomonas/Alteromonas, associated with the sponge Dysidea fragilis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 126:391-6. [PMID: 11007181 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The lipophylic extract from a Black Sea bacterium, associated with the sponge Dysidea fragilis, was investigated. Saturated hydrocarbons and fatty acids of the lipids were identified. The concentrations of the polycyclic compounds appeared to be negligible. The main components appeared to be phosphatidyl ethanolamine, followed by phosphatidyl serine. The first was investigated by FAB mass spectrometry and a series of molecular species partially identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S De Rosa
- Istituto per la Chimica di Molecole di Interesse Biologico, CNR, Arco Felice, Naples, Italy.
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26
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Abstract
Procedures for structural analysis of fatty acids are reviewed. The emphasis is on methods that involve gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and, in particular, the use of picolinyl ester and dimethyloxazoline derivatives. These should be considered as complementing each other, not simply as alternatives. However, additional derivatization procedures can be of value, including hydrogenation and deuteration, and preparation of dimethyl disulfide and 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione adducts. Sometimes complex mixtures must be separated into simpler fractions prior to analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Silver ion and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography are then of special value. In particular, a novel application of the latter technique, involving a base-deactivated stationary phase and acetonitrile as mobile phase, is described that is suited to the separation of fatty acids in the form of picolinyl ester and dimethyloxazoline derivatives, as well as methyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Christie
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland.
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27
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Carballeira NM, Sostre A, Stefanov K, Popov S, Kujumgiev A, Dimitrova-Konaklieva S, Tosteson CG, Tosteson TR. The fatty acid composition of a Vibrio alginolyticus associated with the alga Cladophora coelothrix. Identification of the novel 9-methyl-10-hexadecenoic acid. Lipids 1997; 32:1271-5. [PMID: 9438237 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-0163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of a new strain of Vibrio alginolyticus, found in the alga Cladophora coelothrix, was studied. Among 38 different fatty acids, a new fatty acid, 9-methyl-10-hexadecenoic acid and the unusual 11-methyl-12-octadecenoic acid, were identified. Linear alkylbenzene fatty acids, such as 10-phenyldecanoic acid, 12-phenyldodecanoic acid and 14-phenyltetradecanoic acid, were also found in V. alginolyticus. The alga contained 43% saturated fatty acids, and 28% C16-C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 and n-6 families.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Carballeira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA.
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28
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Elfman-Börjesson I, van den Hark S, Härröd M. Gradients of n
-heptane and acetonitrile in silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography analyses of cis
and trans
bonds in lipids. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-997-0043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inger Elfman-Börjesson
- ; Department of Food Science; Chalmers University of Technology, c/o SIK; P.O. Box 5401 Göteborg S-402 29 Sweden
| | - Sander van den Hark
- ; Department of Food Science; Chalmers University of Technology, c/o SIK; P.O. Box 5401 Göteborg S-402 29 Sweden
| | - Magnus Härröd
- ; Department of Food Science; Chalmers University of Technology, c/o SIK; P.O. Box 5401 Göteborg S-402 29 Sweden
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29
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Joh YG, Elenkov IJ, Stefanov KL, Popov SS, Dobson G, Christie WW. Novel di-, tri-, and tetraenoic fatty acids with bis-methylene-interrupted double-bond systems from the sponge Haliclona cinerea. Lipids 1997; 32:13-7. [PMID: 9075188 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-997-0003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Unusual fatty acids, with up to 34 carbon atoms and containing one or two bis-methylene-interrupted double-bond systems, have been identified in the sponge Haliclona cinerea from the Black Sea. These include the dienes-5,9-16:2, 7,11-18:2, 9,13-20:2, 13,17-24:2, 15,19-26:2, 17,21-28:2, 19,23-30:2 and 21,25-32:2; trienes-5,9,23-30:3, 5,9,24-31:3, 5,9,25-32:3, and 5,9,27-34:3; and the tetraenes-5,9,19,23-30:4, 5,9,21,25-32:4, and 5,9,23,27-34:4. In addition, 5,9,13-eicosatrienoic acid was present. Many of these do not appear to have been described before, and only 5,9-16:2 and 5,9,23-30:3 are found often in sponges. They were identified by using silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography to simplify the complex mixture of fatty acids for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as picolinyl ester derivatives. Deuteration with Wilkinson's catalyst in homogeneous solution confirmed the structures. We speculate that the di- and tetraenoic fatty acids arise by chain elongation of 5,9-hexadecadienoic acid, also a major component of the lipids, followed by further insertion of double bonds in the 5 and 9 positions. The trienes may be formed from 9-hexadecenoic acid by similar mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y G Joh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Pusan, Korea
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30
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Dembitsky VM, Rezanka T. Unusually high levels of eicosatetraenoic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic fatty acids in Palestinian freshwater sponges. Lipids 1996; 31:647-50. [PMID: 8784746 DOI: 10.1007/bf02523836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid compositioin of three freshwater sponges-Ephydatia syriaca, Nudospongilla sp., and Cortispongilla barroisi-were studied. Twenty principal fatty acids, and unusually high levels of eicosatetraenoic (5,8,11,14-20:4 up to 10.1% of the total acid mixture), eicosapentaenoic (5,8,11,14,17-20:5 up to 11.6%), and docosahexaenoic acids (4,7,10,13,16,19-22:6 up to 11.8%) were detected. The only demospongic acid found was 5,9,17-hexacosatrienoic acid (1.8-3.7%).
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Dembitsky
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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31
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Structural analysis of fatty acids by mass spectrometry of picolinyl esters and dimethyloxazoline derivatives. Trends Analyt Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-9936(95)00111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Barnathan G, Kornprobst JM, Doumenq P, Miralles J. New unsaturated long-chain fatty acids in the phospholipids from the Axinellida sponges Trikentrion loeve and Pseudaxinella cf. lunaecharta. Lipids 1996; 31:193-200. [PMID: 8835408 DOI: 10.1007/bf02522620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify new structures and especially those involved as biosynthetic intermediates, the fatty acid composition of whole phospholipids from two Senegalese marine sponges from the order Axinellida, Trikentrion loeve and Pseudaxinella cf. lunaecharta, has been investigated by analytical gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Several new fatty acids were identified as methyl esters and N-acyl pyrrolidides, namely 16-eicosenoic, 11-tetracosenoic, 5-pentacosenoic, 11-hexacosenoic, 11-octacosenoic, 23-triacontenoic, 17,21-hexacosadienoic, 19,23-octacosadienoic, 9,23-triacontadienoic, 5,9,21-hexacosatrienoic, and 5,9,25-triacontatrienoic. Trikentrion loeve and P. cf. lunaecharta contain fifteen (25.7% of the total acid mixture) and thirteen (30.4%) delta 5,9 fatty acids, respectively. Based on gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared experiments, the double bonds were assigned the (Z) configuration. Biosynthesis of dienoic and trienoic demospongic acids possessing an n-5 or an n-7 terminal double bond is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Barnathan
- Institut des Sciences et Organismes de la Mer (ISOMer), Groupe SMAB, Université de Nantes
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33
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Dobson G, Christie WW, Nikolova-Damyanova B. Silver ion chromatography of lipids and fatty acids. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 671:197-222. [PMID: 8520692 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00157-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Silver ion chromatography as applied to the analysis of lipids is reviewed. Thin-layer, column, high-performance liquid and supercritical fluid chromatography in the silver ion mode are included. The lipid types covered are fatty acids, triacylglycerols and complex lipids. Separations are divided into those according to number, geometry and position of double bonds, as well as acyl positional isomers for triacylglycerols. The mechanism of silver ion chromatography is discussed in relation to recent studies using silver ion high-performance liquid chromatographic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dobson
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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34
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Carballeira NM, Shalabi F, Stefanov K, Dimitrov K, Popov S, Kujumgiev A, Andreev S. Comparison of the fatty acids of the tunicate Botryllus schlosseri from the Black Sea with two associated bacterial strains. Lipids 1995; 30:677-9. [PMID: 7564924 DOI: 10.1007/bf02537006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid composition of the tunicate Botryllus schlosseri and of two bacterial strains found within the tunicate, namely Vibrio parahaemolyticus and of an associated but previously unreported gram positive cocci were studied. The polyunsaturated fatty acids 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid, 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid, and 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid were particularly abundant in B. schlosseri and were not detected in the two bacterial strains found in the tunicate. The iso/anteiso pair, 13-methyltetradecanoic acid and 12-methyltetradecanoic acid, were the principal fatty acids in the gram positive cocci, and the 9- and 11-hexadecenoic acids were particularly abundant in V. parahaemolyticus. The diunsaturated fatty acid 9,12-octadecadienoic acid was also shown to be present in V. parahaemolyticus. The fatty acid composition of a third bacterial strain, characterized as either a Pseudomonas or an Alteromonas species, and shown to be present only in the sea water from the Black Sea and not in B. schlosseri, is also reported. This is the first investigation on fatty acids from Black Sea bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Carballeira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00931-3346
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35
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Joh YG, Brechany EY, Christie WW. Characterization of wax esters in the roe oil of amber fish,Seriola aureovittata. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02635660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Goe Joh
- ; Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Dong-A University; Pusan 604-174 Korea
| | | | - William W. Christie
- ; The Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie; Dundee DD2 5DA Scotland, United Kingdom
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36
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Christie WW, Brechany EY, Marekov IN, Stefanov KL, Andreev SN. The fatty acids of the sponge Hymeniacidon sanguinea from the Black Sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(94)90008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Barnathan G, Doumenq P, Njinkoué JM, Mirallès J, Debitus C, Lévi C, Komprobst JM. Sponge fatty acids. 3. Occurrence of series of n−7 monoenoic andiso-5,9 dienoic long-chain fatty acids in the phospholipids of the marine spongeCinachyrella aff.schulzei keller. Lipids 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02536335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Christie
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, U.K
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39
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Barnathan G, Miralles J, Kornprobst JM. Sponge Fatty Acids-4. Co-occurrence of Two Isoprenoid Fatty Acids (4,8,12-Trimethyltridecanoic and 5,9,13-Trimethyltetradecanoic) in Phospholipids of Marine Sponges from the GenusCinachrella. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/10575639308043847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Stefanov KL, Christie WW, Brechany EY, Popov SS, Andreev SN. Lipid composition of the red and green forms of Actina equinia from the black sea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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