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Upender I, Yoshida O, Schrecengost A, Ranson H, Wu Q, Rowley DC, Kishore S, Cywes C, Miller EL, Whalen KE. A marine-derived fatty acid targets the cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0031023. [PMID: 37905811 PMCID: PMC10662121 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00310-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE With the lack of new antibiotics in the drug discovery pipeline, coupled with accelerated evolution of antibiotic resistance, new sources of antibiotics that target pathogens of clinical importance are paramount. Here, we use bacterial cytological profiling to identify the mechanism of action of the monounsaturated fatty acid (Z)-13-methyltetra-4-decenoic acid isolated from the marine bacterium Olleya marilimosa with antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria. The fatty acid antibiotic was found to rapidly destabilize the cell membrane by pore formation and membrane aggregation in Bacillus subtilis, suggesting that this fatty acid may be a promising adjuvant used in combination to enhance antibiotic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Upender
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Olivia Yoshida
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Schrecengost
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hilary Ranson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Qihao Wu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - David C. Rowley
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Shreya Kishore
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claire Cywes
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric L. Miller
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristen E. Whalen
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
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Terai K, Ishigaki K, Sakamoto Y, Sakurai N, Heishima T, Yoshida O, Sakai M, Asano K. Congenital portopulmonary shunt in a cat. J Small Anim Pract 2022; 63:843-847. [PMID: 36058894 PMCID: PMC9826224 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A 9-year-old spayed female crossbreed cat with chief complaints of anorexia and hypersalivation had high serum concentrations of ammonia and fasting and postprandial total bile acid. Therefore, she was referred to our hospital. On the first evaluation, haematology, serum chemistry, radiography and ultrasonography findings suggested that she had a congenital portosystemic shunt. CT revealed a shunt vessel from the left gastric vein to the left pulmonary vein. During median celiotomy and sternotomy, gross findings and mesenteric portography revealed abnormal vessel shunting from the left gastric vein to the left pulmonary vein. Complete ligation of the shunt vessel was achieved. She recovered without any complications. Postoperative serum chemistry revealed that ammonia and total bile acid levels decreased to within the reference intervals. This report is the first to describe the clinical features and surgical outcome of a cat with a congenital portopulmonary shunt.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Terai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaKanagawaJapan
| | - K. Ishigaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaKanagawaJapan
| | - Y. Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaKanagawaJapan
| | - N. Sakurai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaKanagawaJapan
| | - T. Heishima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaKanagawaJapan
| | - O. Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaKanagawaJapan
| | - M. Sakai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaKanagawaJapan
| | - K. Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource SciencesNihon UniversityFujisawaKanagawaJapan
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Kimata A, Ishigaki K, Tamura K, Iizuka K, Sakurai N, Terai K, Heishima T, Yoshida O, Asano K. Transarterial chemoembolisation for palliative treatment of renal cell carcinoma in two dogs with pulmonary metastasis. J Small Anim Pract 2022; 63:904-910. [PMID: 36226325 PMCID: PMC10092729 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two dogs with anorexia and rapid weight loss were referred to our hospital due to a right renal mass and several pulmonary nodules. Both dogs underwent needle core biopsy of the mass, followed by transarterial chemoembolisation of the renal mass. A catheter was inserted from the femoral artery and advanced into the right renal artery. A suspension of carboplatin (100 mg/m2 ) and equivalent lipiodol was administered via the inserted multipurpose catheter. Immediately after, under fluoroscopic guidance, pulse injections of small amounts of gelatin particles (diameter 1 mm) dissolved in iohexol were administered until complete embolisation of the renal artery. Histopathologic diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma in both dogs. Clinical signs improved for 134 and 358 days after transarterial chemoembolisation. In addition, postoperative radiographs demonstrated a decrease in the tumour size. The dogs died 215 and 525 days after the initial evaluation, respectively. As a palliative treatment, transarterial chemoembolisation might help reduce the tumour volume and improve the quality of life in dogs with renal cell carcinoma and distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kimata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - K Ishigaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - K Tamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - K Iizuka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - N Sakurai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - K Terai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - T Heishima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - O Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - K Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
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Abstract
Heparin has generally been used as an anticoagulant during plasmapheresis. In this study plasma heparin levels were studied in nine patients before double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP), 30, 60 and 120 minutes after the start of DFPP and at the end of DFPP. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), bleeding time (BT), plasma fibrinogen levels, FDP and general blood cell examination (CBC) were measured pre and post DFPP. Heparin levels in plasma were lower than 1 (IU/ml) under the dosage of heparin nearly 40 IU/kg/h of heparin administered during DFPP. APTT before DFPP (36.5 ± 8.2 sec) was nearly double the post-DFPP value (61.4 ± 12.2 sec). In two patients who were given 30 IU/kg/h of heparin during DFPP, clotting occurred in the DFPP circuit. In conclusion, the optimized dosage of heparin was 40 IU per kg of body weight per hour during DFPP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - O. Yoshida
- Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto - Japan
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O. Yoshida
- Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto - Japan
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O. Yoshida
- Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto - Japan
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Harada M, Amano Y, Matsuzaki K, Hayashi Y, Nishitani H, Yoshizumi M, Yoshida O, Katoh I. Quantitative Evaluation of Intraarterial Lymphocyte Injection Therapy for Lymph Edema Using MR Imaging. Acta Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/028418519403500501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Five patients with unilateral leg lymph edema had intraarterial injections of lymphocytes in the affected leg with consequent improvement in 3. To assess the degree of lymph edema, T2 and intensity ratio between the 2 legs in STIR images were used. Mean and SD of T2 values in the subcutaneous tissue were measured using a triple echo sequence and found larger on the edematous side than in the opposite extremity. The mean T2 shortening obtained after the lymphocyte therapy correlated well with the reduction of limb circumference. Mean T2 reflects the fluid content, and SD of T2 the fluid distribution in the subcutaneous tissue. The degree of lymph edema and the effect of therapy can be evaluated quantitatively by measuring the value of the T2 relaxation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Harada
- From the Departments of Radiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Y. Amano
- From the Departments of Radiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - K. Matsuzaki
- From the Departments of Radiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Y. Hayashi
- From the Departments of Radiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - H. Nishitani
- From the Departments of Radiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - M. Yoshizumi
- From the Departments of Radiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - O. Yoshida
- From the Departments of Radiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - I. Katoh
- From the Departments of Radiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Hosokawa S, Oyamaguchi A, Yoshida O. Relationship between erythropoietin and trace elements. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 93:261-3. [PMID: 1802594 DOI: 10.1159/000420233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Uchida N, Nakamura K, Fujiwara Y, Matsusue E, Kanemitsu T, Yoshida O, Asakura K, Kimura K. EP-1148 Custom-designed oral prostheses improve accuracy of daily treatment setup for head and neck cancer radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Iida G, Asano K, Seki M, Ishigaki K, Teshima K, Yoshida O, Edamura K, Kagawa Y. Intraoperative identification of canine hepatocellular carcinoma with indocyanine green fluorescent imaging. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 54:594-600. [PMID: 24580016 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility of high-sensitivity near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green for intraoperative identification of hepatocellular carcinoma in dogs. METHODS Twelve hepatic nodules were surgically resected from six dogs. In each dog, 0 · 5 mg/kg indocyanine green was intravenously injected for 12 to 18 hours preoperatively. The hepatic nodules were investigated under laparotomy using a near-infrared fluorescence imaging light camera system prior to resection. Resected nodules were histopathologically diagnosed and their fluorescence images were evaluated. RESULTS Of the 12 hepatic nodules, 6 were diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma and 6 as nodular hyperplasia. Indocyanine green-fluorescence was observed in four large hepatocellular carcinoma nodules and one case of nodular hyperplasia, whereas it was absent in the remaining nodules. The sensitivity and positive predictive values of indocyanine green fluorescent imaging for hepatocellular carcinoma was 71 · 4 and 80 · 0%, respectively. Complete resection of the hepatic masses was achieved in all dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Near-infrared fluorescence imaging may be feasible for intraoperative mapping of hepatocellular carcinomas in hepatic lobes and may help increase the chance of complete resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Iida
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan
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Yoshida O, Kimura S, Dou L, Matta B, Yokota S, Stolz D, Geller D, Thomson AW. DAP12 deficiency in liver allografts results in enhanced donor DC migration, augmented effector T cell responses and abrogation of transplant tolerance. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1791-805. [PMID: 24935196 PMCID: PMC4107008 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Liver interstitial dendritic cells (DC) have been implicated in immune regulation and tolerance induction. We found that the transmembrane immuno-adaptor DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) negatively regulated conventional liver myeloid (m) DC maturation and their in vivo migratory and T cell allostimulatory ability. Livers were transplanted from C57BL/6(H2(b) ) (B6) WT or DAP12(-/-) mice into WT C3H (H2(k) ) recipients. Donor mDC (H2-K(b+) CD11c(+) ) were quantified in spleens by flow cytometry. Anti-donor T cell reactivity was evaluated by ex vivo carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-mixed leukocyte reaction and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, while T effector and regulatory T cells were determined by flow analysis. A threefold to fourfold increase in donor-derived DC was detected in spleens of DAP12(-/-) liver recipients compared with those given WT grafts. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in the graft, interferon gamma (IFNγ) production by graft-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells and systemic levels of IFNγ were all elevated significantly in DAP12(-/-) liver recipients. DAP12(-/-) grafts also exhibited reduced incidences of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) cells and enhanced CD8(+) T cell IFNγ secretion in response to donor antigen challenge. Unlike WT grafts, DAP12(-/-) livers failed to induce tolerance and were rejected acutely. Thus, DAP12 expression in liver grafts regulates donor mDC migration to host lymphoid tissue, alloreactive T cell responses and transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Yoshida
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S. Kimura
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - L. Dou
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - B.M. Matta
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S. Yokota
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D.B. Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D.A. Geller
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - A. W. Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA,Corresponding author: Angus W. Thomson PhD DSc Starzl Transplantation Institute University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine 200 Lothrop Street, W1540 BST Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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Abstract
Although intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) or adriamycin (ADR) is an established and effective therapy for superficial bladder cancer, the current major problems are BCG-resistant and ADR-resistant bladder cancer and recurrence after the instillation therapy. Combination therapy with BCG and ADR might overcome the drug-resistance of bladder cancer. However, before combined used of BCG and ADR, it should be clarified whether ADR has bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects on BCG or not, since only alive BCG has a potential antitumor effect. In the current study, the in vitro antibacterial activity of ADR was assessed on BCG by the standard serial two-fold dilution method. When BCG was treated with ADR at 0.13-125 mu g/ml for two hours, ADR had no effect on the viability and the growth of BCG. However, ADR at 250-1,000 mu g/ml had a bactericidal effect on BCG. Epirubicin (EPI) at 0.13-15.6 mu g/ml did not affect the viability and the growth of BCG, however, EPI at 31.3-1,000 mu g/ml had a bactericidal activity. Pirarubicin (THP) at 125-1,000 mu g/ml also had a bactericidal activity. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of ADR, EPI and THP were 250, 250 and 125 mu g/ml, respectively. This study demonstrates that ADR at high concentrations had bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects on BCG. These findings suggest that combination treatment with BCG and low dose ADR could be used and overcome the resistance of bladder cancer to BCG and ADR. The possible clinical implications of the combined use of BCG and ADR are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mizutani
- JAPAN BCG LAB,TOKYO 112,JAPAN. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH MED,DEPT IMMUNOL & MICROBIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024
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Yamamoto S, Yamane M, Yoshida O, Okazaki M, Waki N, Toyooka S, Oto T, Miyoshi S. Activations of mitogen-activated protein kinases and regulation of their downstream molecules after rat lung transplantation from donors after cardiac death. Transplant Proc 2012; 43:3628-33. [PMID: 22172817 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2011.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accepting organs donated after cardiac death (DCD) is an effective approach to the donor shortage. However, lung transplantations from DCD donors show severe rapid pulmonary graft dysfunction (PGD) followed by warm ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). This study sought to clarify the molecular mediators in warm IRI, including activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the downstream cascades. METHODS We performed single left lung transplantation using organs from male Sprague-Dawley rats after 0 (CIT group), 30 (30WIT group), or 180 (180WIT group) minutes of warm ischemia time. Pulmonary graft functions were estimated by blood gas analysis. At 1 hour after reperfusion, the phosphorylation status of MAPKs (ERK, p38, and JNK) and the gene expression levels of transcription factors (Egr-1 and ATF-3) and immune mediators (MCP-1, MIP-2, PAI-1, ICAM-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2) in the grafts were examined using Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. RESULTS Severe PGD was observed in the 180WIT group compared with transplanted lungs in the other groups, which exhibited good pulmonary graft function. ERK and JNK activations, as well as mRNA levels of transcription factors (Egr-1 and ATF3) significantly increased with greater warm ischemic times. The pattern of JNK activation correlated with the severity of PGD. MCP-1, ICAM-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2 were also up-regulated among the 180WIT group, although MIP-2 and PAI-1 showed no significant differences among the groups. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the ERK and JNK pathways may play important roles to induce the injury caused by prolonged warm ischemia followed by reperfusion in the setting of lung transplantation from DCD donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamamoto
- Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Ueki S, Castellaneta A, Yoshida O, Ozaki KS, Zhang M, Kimura S, Thomson AW, Geller D, Murase N. AUGMENTATION OF HEPATIC ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION (I/R) INJURY IN LIVER GRAFTS LACKING PD-L1 EXPRESSION. Transplantation 2010. [DOI: 10.1097/00007890-201007272-00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Otani S, Oto T, Miyoshi K, Yamamoto S, Kakishita T, Okazaki M, Yoshida O, Waki N, Hori S, Sugimoto S. 503: Does the Ex-Vivo Lung Evaluation System Affect Post-Transplant Graft Function in Swine Donation after Cardiac Death (DCD) Lung Transplantation? J Heart Lung Transplant 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.11.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Matsuda T, Terachi T, Mikami O, Komatz Y, Yoshida O. Laparoscopic nephrectomy with lymphadenectomy for renal cell carcinoma: Initial two cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/13645709309152958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ito M, Ogawa O, Terachi T, Terai A, Kakehi Y, Yoshida O. Retroperitoneal chylocoele following laparoscopic adrenalectomy: A case report. MINIM INVASIV THER 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/13645709609153065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Fukushima A, Nishino K, Yoshida O, Ueno H. Characterization of the immunopathogenic responses to ovalbumin peptide 323–339 in experimental immune-mediated blepharoconjunctivitis in Lewis rats. Curr Eye Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/02713689808951255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yoshida O. Transitional Cell Tumor and p53. Aktuelle Urol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1055656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yoshida O, Akbar F, Miyake T, Abe M, Matsuura B, Hiasa Y, Onji M. Impaired dendritic cell functions because of depletion of natural killer cells disrupt antigen-specific immune responses in mice: restoration of adaptive immunity in natural killer-depleted mice by antigen-pulsed dendritic cell. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 152:174-81. [PMID: 18307521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the role of natural killer (NK) cells on antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. After analysing the mechanism of impaired adaptive immune responses of NK-depleted mice, an immune interventional approach was developed to restore adaptive immunity in NK-depleted mice. NK cells were depleted from mice by administration of anti-asialo GM1 antibody (100 mul/mouse), twice, at an interval of 48 h. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was administered intraperitoneally to normal C57BL/6 mice (control mice) and NK-depleted mice. The levels of antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) in the sera and HBsAg-specific lymphocytes in the spleen were assessed. The functions of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) were evaluated in vitro. HBsAg-pulsed DCs were prepared by culturing spleen DCs with HBsAg for 48 h and administered once to NK-depleted mice. The levels of anti-HBs in the sera and HBsAg-specific lymphocytes were significantly lower in NK-depleted mice compared with control mice (P < 0.05). The functions of T and B lymphocytes were similar between control mice and NK-depleted mice. However, the functions of spleen DC and liver DC were significantly lower in NK-depleted mice compared with control mice (P < 0.05). Administration of HBsAg-pulsed DCs, but not HBsAg, induced HBsAg-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in NK-depleted mice. Our study suggests that cross-talk between NK cells and DCs regulates the magnitude of adaptive immunity. In addition, antigen-pulsed immunogenic DCs represent potent immune modulator even if subjects with diminished innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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Yoshida O, Okamoto M. Direct Melt Intercalation of Polymer Chains into Nano-Galleries: Interdigitated Layer Structure and Interlayer Expansion. Journal of Polymer Engineering 2006. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng.2006.26.8-9.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Koike K, Yoshida O, Mamada A, Watanabe T, Hasegawa T, Kuwae A, Takaoka A. Structural analysis of human hair fibers under the ultra-high voltage electron microscope. Int J Cosmet Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00257_3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Sogabe O, Tokumo M, Nishizawa H, Yoshida O, Yamane M, Kubo M. [Staged operation of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting using aortic connector system, and concomitant surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm and gastric cancer; report of a case]. Kyobu Geka 2005; 58:151-4. [PMID: 15724480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently the patient of the atherosclerotic disease associated with malignant disease has been increased. A 75-year-old man was referred to our section with an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and a gastric cancer (GC). Preoperative coronary angiogram revealed the significant stenoses of the right coronary and the left anterior descending coronary artery. We selected the staged operation of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) [OPCAB] and the concomitant surgery for the AAA and the GC. Operative invasion could decrease with the surgical procedure of the OPCAB and the concomitant surgery compared to the conventional CABG or the separate operation. We used the aortic connector system during OPCAB to prevent such the serious complications of the aortic dissection or the systemic embolism due to the calcified ascending aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osanori Sogabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mitoyo General Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
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26
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Sogabe O, Oya T, Tokumo M, Yoshida O, Nishizawa H. [The ischemic mitral valve regurgitation due to acute coronary thromboembolism; report of a case]. Kyobu Geka 2004; 57:211-3. [PMID: 15035076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A 71-year-old man with congestive heart failure due to acute myocardial infarction was referred to our hospital. He was under the support of mechanical ventilation and the intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) and coronary angiogram revealed the thromboembolism of the obtuse marginal artery. We completed the revascularization by the direct percutaneous coronary intervention. However, grade II mitral valve regurgitation and heart failure were worsening. Mitral valvuloplasty and the modified maze procedure through the partial lower sternotomy were performed. He is still in good condition 4 years later. Ischemic mitral valve regurgitation due to the coronary thromboembolism is very rare. Careful follow-up on the grade of ischemic mitral valve regurgitation is necessary even after the early coronary recanalization. The surgical approach of the partial sternotomy should be used in such a case of acute mitral valve regurgitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sogabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mitoyo General Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
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27
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Mizutani Y, Wada H, Yoshida O, Fukushima M, Nakanishi H, Nakao M, Miki T. Significance of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2003; 39:541-7. [PMID: 12751387 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway of uracil and thymine catabolism. DPD is also the principal enzyme involved in the degradation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an anticancer chemotherapeutic agent that is used clinically to treat renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Little is known about the significance of DPD activity in human cancers. We investigated the activity of DPD in 68 RCC and the relationship between DPD activity and the sensitivity to 5-FU. The levels of DPD activity in RCC and normal kidney samples were determined by the 5-FU degradation assay. The sensitivity to 5-FU was assessed by the microculture tetrazolium dye assay. The activity of DPD was approximately 2-fold higher in normal kidney compared with RCC. DPD activity in Stage I/II RCC was approximately 2-fold higher than that in Stage III/IV RCC. The levels of DPD activity in Grade 1 and Grade 2 RCC were 3 and 2-fold higher, respectively, than that in the Grade 3 cancers. There was an inverse correlation between DPD activity in RCC cells and their sensitivity to 5-FU. Furthermore, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a potent DPD inhibitor, enhanced the sensitivity to 5-FU. The current study is the first to demonstrate that the level of DPD activity was inversel correlated with both the progression of the disease and increased grade of RCC, and that DPD activity was inversely associated with the sensitivity of RCC to 5-FU, which was enhanced by a DPD inhibitor. These results suggest that a low DPD activity may be associated with the malignant potential of RCC. In addition, it may be possible to overcome 5-FU resistance by using DPD inhibitors in the treatment protocols of 5-FU-based chemotherapy for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mizutani
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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Noda K, Ikeda M, Yoshida O, Yano S, Taguchi T, Shimoyama T, Nakashima M. Clinical evaluation of Ramosetron injections in the treatment of cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. J Int Med Res 2002; 30:211-9. [PMID: 12166337 DOI: 10.1177/147323000203000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed to examine the safety and efficacy of ramosetron in cancer patients with cisplatin-induced nausea/vomiting. Patients were divided into two groups: group R received 0.3 mg ramosetron intravenously and group P received placebo. Eighty-eight patients were enrolled, 44 in each group; 84 (43 in group R, 41 in group P) were included in the clinical efficacy analysis and 86 (44 in group R, 42 in group P) in the safety analysis. Ramosetron was significantly more clinically effective than placebo against nausea, vomiting and anorexia; 65.1% of patients in group R experienced no vomiting in the first 6 h of observation compared with 7.3% of those receiving placebo. No serious adverse reactions or significant differences in safety were observed between the groups. Based on these results, ramosetron injection is effective in the treatment of cisplatin-induced nausea/vomiting and its clinical usefulness is demonstrated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Noda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Sayama, Japan.
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29
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Mizutani Y, Nakanishi H, Yoshida O, Fukushima M, Bonavida B, Miki T. Potentiation of the sensitivity of renal cell carcinoma cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by subtoxic concentrations of 5-fluorouracil. Eur J Cancer 2002; 38:167-76. [PMID: 11750847 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)00339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapy has shown little antitumour activity against renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Although immunotherapy is relatively effective against RCC, the response rate is approximately 20%. Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase this response rate. Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo-2L) is one member of the tumour necrosis factor ligand family that selectively induces apoptosis of cancer cells. Since several cytotoxic anticancer drugs including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) also mediate apoptosis, we reasoned that combined treatment of cancer cells with TRAIL and drugs might result in synergy and overcome the resistance of the cancer cell. This study has examined whether TRAIL can synergise with 5-FU in both cytotoxic and apoptotic assays against drug-resistant RCC cells. Cytotoxicity was determined by an 1-day microculture tetrazolium dye assay. Synergy was assessed by isobolographic analysis. Treatment of Caki-1 cells with TRAIL in combination with 5-FU resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect. Synergy was also achieved in freshly derived RCC cells from 3 patients. The enhanced cytotoxicity was obtained irrespective of the sequence of the treatment, but the highest cytotoxicity was observed when Caki-1 cells were treated with TRAIL and 5-FU simultaneously. The synergy achieved in cytotoxicity with TRAIL and 5-FU was shown to be due to apoptosis. The mechanisms responsible for the synergistic cytotoxicity and apoptosis were examined. Treatment of Caki-1 cells with 5-FU enhanced the expression of p53 and bax, but had no effect on the expression of bcl-2. Incubation of Caki-1 cells with TRAIL enhanced the intracellular accumulation of 5-FU and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (FdUMP). Treatment of Caki-1 cells with TRAIL downregulated the expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) modestly, and upregulated the expression of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT). However, the expression level of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) was not affected by TRAIL. This study demonstrates that combined treatment of RCC cells with TRAIL and 5-FU overcomes their resistance. The sensitisation obtained with freshly isolated RCC cells required low subtoxic concentrations of 5-FU. These findings support the potential application in vivo of a combination of TRAIL and 5-FU in the treatment of TRAIL/5-FU-resistant RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mizutani
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the pathophysiology of central serous chorioretinopathy or bullous retinal detachment in patients under systemic corticosteroid treatment. Little is understood about the mechanism of the development of serous retinal detachment. METHODS Three patients who had developed central serous chorioretinopathy or bullous retinal detachment during systemic corticosteroid administration were examined by fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography. RESULTS Indocyanine green angiography revealed dilated choroidal veins, delayed choroidal filling, intrachoroidal hyperfluorescence, and patchy hypofluorescence at or near the sites of dye leakage examined by fluorescein angiography. CONCLUSIONS The primary change caused by central serous chorioretinopathy is thought to occur in the choroid, followed by the breakdown of the outer blood-retinal barrier in the pigment epithelium, resulting in the development of serous retinal detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku-shi, Japan
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31
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Takahashi A, Hayashi T, Yoshida O, Uede K, Furukawa F, Shuin T. [Renal cell carcinoma in the Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome: report of a case]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2001; 47:719-21. [PMID: 11758353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a rare dermatological condition appearing with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. It was first reported in 1977 by Birt et al. and 28 cases have been reported since then. BHD syndrome is characterized by asymptomatic dome-shaped, skin-colored papules on the face and upper trunk. Recently, various neoplasms have been reported to associate with BHD syndrome, including three familial and one sporadic cases of renal tumors. We report another sporadic case with renal tumor. A 53-year-old woman complained of gross hematuria and visited our institute on November 1996. She visited the Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical College because of skin lesions on the face and upper trunk at her age of 44. These skin lesions were present since her mid twenties. Her daughter also had similar skin lesions and visited the same Department. There was no family history of renal tumor. The patient was diagnosed to have a right renal tumor, and radical nephrectomy was performed. Pathological diagnosis was renal cell carcinoma, papillary type. She underwent interferon injection therapy postoperatively, but died because of lung metastases on April 1997. This is the first reported case of renal tumor occurring in BHD syndrome in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Japan Red Cross Society Wakayama Medical Center
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32
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Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer agent clinically used against various cancers including bladder carcinoma. 5-FU inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS) and blocks DNA synthesis. TS is the key enzyme in the catalysis of the methylation from deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine monophosphate. Little is known about the significance of TS in bladder carcinoma. The authors investigated the activity of TS in 82 bladder cancers and prognostic significance of the levels of TS and/or activities of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), an important enzyme in the degradation of 5-FU. METHODS The levels of TS and DPD activities in nonfixed, fresh, frozen, bladder carcinoma and normal bladder specimens were determined biochemically by the FdUMP binding assay and the 5-FU degradation assay, respectively. RESULTS The activity of TS was 10-fold higher in bladder carcinoma compared with normal bladder. TS activity in muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma was threefold higher than that in Ta and T1 cancer. In addition, the activity of TS in T1 bladder carcinoma was threefold higher than that in Ta cancer. The level of TS activity in Grade 3 bladder carcinoma was 4.5-fold and 3.5-fold higher than that in Grade 1 and Grade 2 cancers, respectively. Patients with Ta and T1 bladder carcinoma with low TS activity had a longer postoperative tumor-free period than those with high activity in the 2-year follow-up. Patients with Ta and T1 bladder carcinoma with high or low TS activity were divided into four subgroups: high or low DPD activity subgroups. Patients with low TS activity and high DPD activity had the longest postoperative disease-free period among the 4 subgroups during the 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first study that demonstrated that the level of TS activity correlates with both the progression of the stage and the increase of the grade of bladder carcinoma and that elevated TS activity predicts early recurrence in Ta and T1 bladder carcinoma. These results suggested that elevated TS activity might have been associated with a higher chance of progression and recurrence of bladder carcinoma in the patients who participated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mizutani
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) plays an important role in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated and natural killer cell-mediated apoptosis against tumor cells. Circulating soluble FasL (sFasL) has been suggested to provide protection from Fas-mediated apoptosis. The current study examined this possibility in patients with bladder carcinoma. METHODS The levels of sFasL in the serum of 163 patients with bladder carcinoma were determined using an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. Antiautologous tumor cytotoxic activity was assessed by the 12-hour chromium isotope ((51)Cr) release assay. RESULTS The mean serum level of sFasL in patients with bladder carcinoma was 2.5-fold higher than that in healthy donors. The level of serum sFasL in patients with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma was 2.5-fold higher than that in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma. In addition, serum sFasL levels in patients with T1 and Tis bladder carcinoma was 2-fold and 2.7-fold higher, respectively, than levels in patients with Ta bladder carcinoma. The serum level of patients with sFasL in Grade 3 bladder carcinoma were 2.4-fold and 1.7-fold higher than that in patients with Grade 1 and Grade 2 bladder carcinoma, respectively. Patients with Ta bladder carcinoma with a low level of serum sFasL (less than the median value) had a longer postoperative tumor-free interval than patients with a high sFasL level (greater than the median value) in the 5-year follow-up. There was an apparent inverse correlation between the level of serum sFasL and antiautologous tumor cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study demonstrated that the level of serum sFasL is correlated with both disease progression and increase in the tumor grade, and that an elevated serum sFasL level predicted early recurrence in patients with Ta bladder carcinoma. These findings suggest that elevated serum sFasL levels might be associated with a greater risk of disease progression and recurrence in patients with bladder carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mizutani
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Sawai H, Komori S, Sakata K, Nakae K, Shima H, Matsumoto F, Matsumoto H, Onishi Y, Okada Y, Yoshida O, Koyama K. Molecular analysis of familial androgen insensitivity syndrome due to replacement of glutamic acid 802 by lysine. J Hum Genet 2001; 45:342-5. [PMID: 11185742 DOI: 10.1007/s100380070005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied a Japanese family presenting at least two cases of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) and negative androgen receptor binding. The index subject showed a 46, XY karyotype and a complete female phenotype. For the purpose of further diagnosis and genetic counseling, molecular analysis of the androgen receptor (AR) gene was performed. Direct sequencing of the AR gene identified a mutation at nucleotide 2935 (A-->G). This replacement was a novel missense mutation, resulting in the substitution of glutamic acid 802 by lysine which deleted a recognition site for EcoRI in exon 6 of the AR gene. We identified another affected individual, using chromosome and molecular analysis of the AR gene at exon 6. Furthermore, although heterozygote carriers could not be identified on clinical grounds, molecular identification of healthy individuals and heterozygote carriers in the family members provided definitive information for genetic counseling. We believe that the molecular analysis of familial CAIS is very informative for both the affected individuals and other family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sawai
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Reproduction, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Mizutani Y, Wada H, Fukushima M, Yoshida O, Ukimura O, Kawauchi A, Miki T. The significance of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) activity in bladder cancer. Eur J Cancer 2001; 37:569-75. [PMID: 11290431 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(00)00440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathway of uracil and thymine catabolism. DPD is also the principal enzyme involved in the degradation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is one of the anticancer chemotherapeutic agents currently used in the treatment of bladder cancer. Little is known about the significance of DPD activity in human cancers. We investigated the activity of DPD in 74 bladder cancers and the relationship between the DPD activity and the sensitivity to 5-FU. The levels of DPD activity in bladder cancer and normal bladder tissues were determined by the 5-FU degradation assay. The sensitivity to 5-FU was assessed by the microculture tetrazolium dye (dimethylthiazolyl-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; MTT) assay. The activity of DPD was approximately 2-fold higher in bladder cancer tissues compared with normal bladder tissues. DPD activity in invasive bladder cancers was approximately 2-fold higher than that in superficial cancers. In addition, the levels of DPD activity in grade 2 and grade 3 bladder cancers were approximately 3-fold and 4-fold higher than that in grade 1 cancers, respectively. Patients with superficial bladder cancer with a low DPD activity had a slightly longer postoperative tumour-free period than those with a high DPD activity over a 2-year follow-up period, but this was not significant. There was an inverse correlation between DPD activity in bladder cancer cells and their sensitivity to 5-FU. Furthermore, 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP), a potent DPD inhibitor, enhanced the sensitivity to 5-FU. The present study has demonstrated that the level of DPD activity correlated with the progression of the stage and an increase in the grade of the bladder cancer. These results suggest that an elevated DPD activity might be associated with the malignant potential of the bladder cancer. In addition, it might be possible to overcome 5-FU insensitivity by using DPD inhibitors in the treatment protocols of 5-FU-based chemotherapy for bladder cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mizutani
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, 602-8566, Kyoto, Japan.
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Endo A, Hirayama H, Yoshida O, Arakawa T, Akima T, Yamada T, Nanasato M. Arterial remodeling influences the development of intimal hyperplasia after stent implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37:70-5. [PMID: 11153775 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)01038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined whether preinterventional arterial remodeling influenced the interventional results after stenting. BACKGROUND Arterial remodeling is seen in atherosclerotic lesions, and it may play an important role in the early stage of atherosclerosis. METHODS We examined 113 lesions that underwent elective stenting using tubular slotted stents under intravascular ultrasound guidance. The lesions were divided into three groups--adequate, intermediate and inadequate remodeling group--according to preinterventional arterial remodeling. The patients were subjected to coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound evaluation on average 6.4 months after stenting. RESULTS At baseline and immediately after stenting, there were no differences in quantitative angiographic analysis among remodeling groups. However, the plaque cross-sectional area (CSA) in the minimal lumen CSA at preintervention and intimal hyperplasia CSA at follow-up were significantly larger in the adequate remodeling group than in the inadequate remodeling group. The restenosis rate of stenting for the lesions with inadequate arterial remodeling was very low (9.4%). A significant positive correlation was found between preinterventional plaque CSA and intimal hyperplasia CSA at follow-up (r = 0.47, p < 0.0001). Moreover, remodeling index significantly correlated with relative intimal hyperplasia CSA (r = 0.28, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Preinterventional arterial remodeling influenced the development of intimal hyperplasia after stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Endo
- Cardiovascular Center, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Japan.
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Mizutani Y, Nakao M, Ogawa O, Yoshida O, Bonavida B, Miki T. Enhanced sensitivity of bladder cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand mediated apoptosis by cisplatin and carboplatin. J Urol 2001; 165:263-70. [PMID: 11125422 DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200101000-00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development and acquisition of multiple drug resistance in cancer cells are a consequence of cancer chemotherapy and remain a major obstacle in treatment. Therefore, there is an obvious need for alternative approaches, such as immunotherapy and gene therapy. Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is one of the tumor necrosis factor ligand families and it selectively induces apoptosis against cancer cells. Several cytotoxic anticancer drugs also mediate apoptosis and may share the common intracellular pathways leading to apoptosis. We reasoned that combination treatment of cancer cells with TRAIL and drugs may overcome this resistance. We evaluated whether bladder cancer cells are sensitive to TRAIL mediated cytotoxicity and whether TRAIL may synergize with anticancer agents in cytotoxicity and apoptosis against bladder cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity was determined by a 1-day microculture tetrazolium dye assay. Synergy was assessed by isobolographic analysis. RESULTS Human T24 bladder cancer line was relatively resistant to TRAIL and TRAIL was not cytotoxic against normal bladder cells. Treatment of T24 cells with TRAIL in combination with 5-fluorouracil or mitomycin C did not overcome resistance to these agents. However, treatment of T24 cells with a combination of TRAIL and cisplatin resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect. Synergy was also achieved in the cisplatin resistant T24 line (T24/CDDP), 2 other bladder cancer lines and 3 freshly derived bladder cancer cells. The combination of TRAIL and carboplatin resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect on T24 cells. However, the combination of TRAIL and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) resulted in an antagonistic cytotoxic effect. The synergy achieved in cytotoxicity with TRAIL and cisplatin was also achieved in apoptosis. Treating T24 cells with cisplatin enhanced the expression of bax but not bcl-2. Incubation of T24 cells with TRAIL increased the intracellular accumulation of cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that combination treatment of bladder cancer cells with TRAIL and cisplatin overcomes their resistance. The sensitization obtained with established cisplatin resistant and freshly isolated bladder cancer cells required low subtoxic concentrations of cisplatin, supporting the in vivo potential application of a combination of TRAIL and cisplatin for treating TRAIL resistant and cisplatin resistant bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mizutani
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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38
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The changes over time of the annual incidence of lower urinary tract stones in Japan from 1965 to 1995 were analyzed. METHODS Data on lower urinary tract calculi were abstracted from the past three nationwide surveys of urolithiasis, which covered nearly all major hospitals and urologists in Japan and enumerated all outpatient visits diagnosed as urolithiasis in the years 1965, 1975, 1985 and 1995. Chronological changes in the sex- and age-related annual incidences of lower urinary tract stones and stone composition were estimated. RESULTS Lower urinary tract stones were predominant in men 60 years of age or older. Between 1965 and 1995, the annual incidence has significantly decreased in men > or = 60 years of age from 37.2 to 27.0 per 100000 and significantly increased in women > or = 60 years of age from 2.4 to 4.8 per 100000. In men, an increased proportion of uric acid and calcium stones as well as a decreased frequency of infection stones is a phenomenon common to upper urinary tract stones. However, infection and calcium stones have been two major stone types in women. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to upper urinary tract calculi, the incidence of lower urinary tract stones has decreased over the last 30 years in men > or = 60 years of age predisposed to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Terai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
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Shichiri Y, Egawa S, Kamoto T, Kakehi Y, Ogawa O, Yoshida O, Sumiyoshi Y, Akakura K, Arai Y. [A study on parameters to predict tumor volume for stage T1c prostate cancers of Gleason score 6 or less]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2000; 46:785-90. [PMID: 11193298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The number of cases of stage T1c prostate cancer has dramatically been increasing since the introduction of PSA as a screening test. The patients with T1c prostate cancer are usually treated by radical prostatectomy. In this group, however, some cancers are of small tumor volume and with a Gleason score of less than 7. These cancers are considered to be good candidates for watchful waiting management. We have investigated 40 patients with T1c prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy between 1996 and 1998. All 9 patients harboring tumors of Gleason score 7 or greater had tumors larger than 0.5 cm3. We have investigated PSA-related parameters including total PSA (PSA), PSA density (PSAD), free PSA, and % free PSA in 31 patients with T1c cancers of Gleason score 6 or less in order to clarify good preoperative predictors of tumor volume. We compared the distribution of PSA, PSAD, free PSA, and % PSA between the larger and smaller tumor groups. There was no significant difference in PSA, PSAD, or free PSA value. The small tumor group had a greater mean % free PSA than the larger tumor group (23.27 versus 11.88, p = 0.007). Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.715, 0.794, 0.636, and 0.842 for PSA, PSAD, free PSA and % free PSA. In stage T1c prostate cancer of Gleason score 6 or less, % free PSA may be the most useful preoperative predictor for tumor volume of 0.5 cm3 or greater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shichiri
- Department of Urology, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital
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40
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Kajita Y, Habuchi T, Kamoto T, Okuno H, Terai A, Kakehi Y, Terachi T, Ogawa O, Yoshida O. [Long-term clinical results of 5 cases of urachal carcinoma]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2000; 46:711-4. [PMID: 11215196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Five cases of urachal carcinoma experienced in our hospital during the past 20 years are reported. Surgical resection is considered as the first treatment option of this disease, and other therapies to be less beneficial. Complete surgical extirpation and detection of recurrence in the early stage are considered to be important since local recurrence occurs frequently. We enforced the bladder preserving operation for 4 patients with urachal carcinoma except for 1 case with peritonitis carcinomatosa in the initial diagnosis, and multiple surgical treatment was performed again for 2 patients with recurrence. The bladder was preserved with no evidence of malignancy in three patients for 24, 19 and 5 years, respectively. In the initial management of urachal carcinoma, we believe that bladder-preserving surgery should be considered in selected cases though close follow-up is demanded. Herein, we also report the immunohistochemical study of paraffin-embedded specimens using anti-CEA, CA19-9, CA125 and p53 monoclonal antibodies. The positive reaction was observed in 100% (5/5) for CEA, 80% (4/5) for CA19-9, and 20% (1/5) for CA125. These results suggest that CEA may be a useful marker in the diagnosis of this neoplasm and early detection of its recurrence. Nuclear accumulation of p53 was observed in 80% (4/5), but it did not correlate with the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kajita
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University School of Medicine
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41
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The expression of p21(WAF-1/CIP-1), a downstream regulator of p53, is a universal cycline-dependent kinase inhibitor. The aim of this study is to determine whether p21 expression could be used as a prognostic marker in urothelial carcinomas. METHODS By use of immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression of p21(WAF-1/CIP-1) in 60 patients with urothelial carcinomas and compared the results with the status of nuclear p53 and mdm2 accumulation, expression of type IV collagen in the basement membranes and upregulation of metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9). RESULTS p21(WAF-1/CIP-1) immunoreactivity was observed in 51.7% of the tumors, and in only 39% of the tumors with functional p53 loss (nuclear accumulation of p53 and/or mdm2). p21(WAF-1/CIP-1) overexpression was not associated with grade and stage of the tumors and presence or absence of concomitant CIS. Moreover, p21(WAF-1/CIP-1) overexpression was not associated with upregulation of metalloproteinases or destruction of type IV collagen of basement membranes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that p21(WAF-1/CIP-1) expression is regulated by both p53-dependent and independent pathways and is not related to grade, stage or potential markers of invasion in urothelial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ozdemir
- Department of Urology, University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan.
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42
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Hirasawa K, Yoshida O, Fujinami T, Sohma K, Watanabe A. Adenine-induced selective apoptosis toward HIV chronically infected cells in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 273:1025-32. [PMID: 10891366 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy for anti-HIV therapy is the clearance of the residual infected cells from the body. Here, we show that 6-aminopurine, adenine, induced selective apoptosis toward HIV-1 producing chronically infected MOLT4 cells (MOLT4/HIV) without augmentation of virus production, whereas the growth of uninfected MOLT4 was stimulated. This selective apoptosis did not occur with other adenine nucleotides or with other bases. The purine ring and the amino residue of adenine were responsible for the apoptosis induction and selectivity, respectively. In addition, adenine slightly but consistently reduced viable cell numbers and the production of virus in a fraction of HIV-1 chronically infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs/HIV) at day 7. On the other hand, blastogenic response of normal PBMCs to PHA, PWM and Candida albicans were potentiated in the presence of adenine. These results indicated that the effect of adenine may be attributable to activation-induced selective apoptosis toward virus-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hirasawa
- Viral Immunology Group, Central Research Laboratory of Fujirebio Inc. , Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0031, Japan.
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43
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Terachi T, Yoshida O, Matsuda T, Orikasa S, Chiba Y, Takahashi K, Takeda M, Higashihara E, Murai M, Baba S, Fujita K, Suzuki K, Ohshima S, Ono Y, Kumazawa J, Naito S. Complications of laparoscopic and retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomies in 370 cases in Japan: a multi-institutional study. Biomed Pharmacother 2000; 54 Suppl 1:211s-214s. [PMID: 10915027 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(00)80047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 370 laparoscopic adrenalectomies, including 311 transperitoneal (TP) and 59 retroperitoneal (RP) approaches, were performed in nine urologic centers, where the laparoscopic adrenalectomy was first begun independently in Japan, and their affiliated hospitals between January 1992 and September 1996. The clinical diagnoses of those 370 adrenal diseases were primary aldosteronism in 155 patients, Cushing's syndrome in 61. preclinical Cushing's syndrome in 21. pheochromocytoma in 16, nonfunctioning adenoma in 87, complicated cyst in ten, myelolipoma in nine, adrenal cancer in four and other diagnoses in eight (table 1). There was no mortality in this series. Intraoperative complication rate was 33/370 (9%) in total: 26/311(8%) in the TP procedures and 7/59 (12%) in the RP procedures (table 11). Postoperative complication rate was 24/370 (6%) in total: 22/311 (7%) in the TP procedures and 2/59 (3%) in the RP ones (table 111). Conversion rates to open surgery in total, in the TP and in the RP procedures were 13/370 (3.5%), 10/311 (3.2%) and 3/59 (5.1 %). respectively (table IV). Although the RP procedure has a lower morbidity rate compared to the TP procedure, more skill is required to overcome the drawback of the narrow working space and fewer anatomical landmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Terachi
- Departmentl of Urology, Kyoto University. Shogoin, Japan
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Wu XX, Mizutani Y, Kakehi Y, Yoshida O, Ogawa O. Enhancement of Fas-mediated apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma cells by adriamycin. Cancer Res 2000; 60:2912-8. [PMID: 10850437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (mAb) kills Fas-expressing cells by apoptosis. Several anticancer agents also mediate apoptosis and may share common intracellular pathways leading to apoptosis with Fas. Thus, we reasoned that combination treatment of drug-resistant cells with anti-Fas mAb and drugs might overcome their resistance. We investigated whether anticancer agents enhance Fas-mediated apoptosis and cytotoxicity against renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. Treatment of ACHN RCC cells with anti-Fas mAb in combination with 5-fluorouracil, vinblastine, IFN-alpha, or IFN-gamma did not overcome resistance to these agents. However, combination treatment with anti-Fas mAb and Adriamycin (ADR) resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, synergy was also obtained even when the exposure time was shortened from 24 h to 8 or 2 h. Synergy was also achieved in four other RCC cell lines and five freshly derived human RCC cells. Treatment with anti-Fas mAb in combination with epirubicin or pirarubicin also resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect on ACHN cells. Similar results were achieved with a combination of humanized anti-Fas mAb and ADR. Incubation of ACHN cells with ADR augmented the expression of Fas and p53, but not Bcl-2, Bax, or caspase-3. However, the activity of caspase-3 itself was apparently enhanced after treatment with ADR alone or combined treatment with anti-Fas mAb. The synergy obtained in cytotoxicity with anti-Fas mAb and ADR was also achieved in apoptosis. Exposure of ACHN cells and freshly derived RCC cells to ADR enhanced their susceptibility to lysis by peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. This study demonstrates that combination treatment of RCC cells with anti-Fas mAb and ADR might overcome their resistance. The sensitization required a low concentration of ADR and a short exposure time, thus supporting the potential in vivo application of a combination of ADR and anti-Fas mAb or immunotherapy in the treatment of ADR- and/or immunotherapy-resistant RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Wu
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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Kakehi Y, Kamoto T, Ogawa O, Kato T, Tobisu K, Akakura K, Egawa S, Usami M, Maeda O, Arai Y, Sumiyoshi Y, Kamiryo Y, Yoshida O. Clinical significance of nonpalpable prostate cancer with favorable biopsy features in Japanese men. Eur Urol 2000; 37:552-8. [PMID: 10765093 DOI: 10.1159/000020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical significance of nonpalpable localized prostate cancers with relatively favorable six sextant biopsy features in Japanese men. PATIENTS AND METHODS 136 nonpalpable prostate cancers of which biopsy features confined to (1) a Gleason score of 6 or less, (2) one or two positive cores per six sextant cores, and (3) 50% or less involvement of any positive core were collected. The Gleason score, tumor extension, and cancer volume were compared with preoperative serum PSA and PSA density for the patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. PSA doubling time was measured for the patients who were treated expectantly. RESULTS Treatments chosen for 136 patients with favorable biopsy features were radical prostatectomy alone for 48 and with preoperative androgen deprivation for 30, radiation to the prostate for 12, androgen deprivation therapy for 21, and watchful waiting for 25. Of 48 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy without androgen deprivation therapy, 25% had nonorgan-confined cancers. Seven cancers (14.6%) were Gleason score of 7, but no cancers were 8 or greater. Among 42 prostatectomy specimens for which cancer volume was measured, 22 (52.4%) had cancer volume >0.5 cm(3). Pretreatment serum PSA levels were correlated neither with the Gleason score, tumor extension nor cancer volume. There was only one nonorgan-confined cancer in the 23 cancers for which PSA density was <0.2 ng/ml/g. The ability of PSA density to predict cancer volume <0. 5 cm(3) was 0.61 using a cut-off of 0.2 ng/ml/g. Of the 25 patients treated expectantly, the PSA doubling time was less than 2 years for 3 patients, while it was stable or fluctuated for 13. CONCLUSIONS Tumor extension can be predicted based on PSA density in nonpalpable prostate cancer with favorable biopsy features, but predictability of cancer volume based on PSA or PSA density is not satisfactorily high. New parameters or biomarkers that complement needle biopsy findings are needed to predict clinical significance of T1c prostate cancer with favorable biopsy features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kakehi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Iwamoto H, Nishino K, Magone TM, Whitcup SM, Yoshida O, Yoshida H, Ozaki A, Fukushima A, Ueno H. Experimental immune-mediated blepharoconjunctivitis in rats induced by immunization with ragweed pollen. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2000; 238:346-51. [PMID: 10853935 DOI: 10.1007/s004170050363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A study was performed to compare the effects of immunization with ragweed pollen (RW) in two different adjuvants on the characteristics of a previously described model of experimental immune-mediated blepharoconjunctivitis (EC) in rats. METHODS Lewis or Brown Norway (BN) rats were immunized with 100 microg of RW in emulsion with aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Three weeks later, the animals were challenged with eye drops containing RW in PBS. Twenty-four hours after topical challenge, eyes, blood, and lymph nodes were obtained for histology, measurement of antigen-specific antibodies, and proliferation or cytokine assays, respectively. In addition to active immunization, recipients of RW-primed lymph node cells were challenged and evaluated as above. RESULTS RW in both adjuvants induced infiltration with predominantly mononuclear cells in Lewis rats and eosinophils in BN rats. As well as active immunization, eosinophils were detected only in BN rats by adoptive transfer of cells. Lymphocyte proliferative responses to RW were high in immunized Lewis rats when CFA was used as an adjuvant. In contrast, proliferative responses in BN rats were higher when Al(OH)3 was used. RW-specific IgE was detected only in BN rats. There were no significant differences in RW-specific IgG1/IgG2a ratio among the four groups. Lewis rats had higher level of RW-specific interferon-gamma in the culture supernatant. CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of EC are different in Lewis and BN rats, dependent on the genetic background of the rat strains. The response to RW was similar to other previously used antigens, such as ovalbumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Iwamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan
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Ueda T, Yoshimura N, Yoshida O. Prognostic factors for long-term maintenance of urinary continence in patients with incontinence managed by diapers or indwelling catheters. Eur Urol 2000; 37:318-24. [PMID: 10720859 DOI: 10.1159/000052363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the prognostic factors for longterm maintenance of continence following nonsurgical treatments in hospitalized patients with urinary incontinence. METHODS 313 inpatients (average age: 64 years) in whom urinary incontinence had originally been managed with diapers (n = 158) or indwelling Foley catheters (n = 155) first received nonsurgical rehabilitative treatments. The patients who became continent with these treatments were then evaluated for being either continuously continent or recurrently incontinent during the 5-year follow-up period after discharge from hospital. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was then performed to determine significant risk factors for recurrent urinary incontinence. RESULTS By initial treatments (mean duration: 144 days), 294 of the 313 patients (94%) were continent and free from diapers or catheters. After the 5-year follow-up period, urinary continence was maintained in 103 (66%) and 62 patients (45%) initially managed with diapers (n = 157) and catheters (n = 137), respectively. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that in both patient groups, poor posttherapeutic activities of daily living or loss of home care service lowered the maintenance rate of continence. Dementia also lowered the maintenance rate in patients with catheters, but not in those with diapers. In addition, a long history of Foley catheter drainage for over 1 year prior to the initial treatment reduced the maintenance rate (highest odds ratio). CONCLUSIONS Physical disability and poor therapeutic assistance at home are more prominent risk factors for long-term maintenance of urinary continence in elderly patients than problems within the urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ueda
- Department of Urology, Kouga Public Hospital, Shiga, Japan
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Ueda T, Tamaki M, Kageyama S, Yoshimura N, Yoshida O. Urinary incontinence among community-dwelling people aged 40 years or older in Japan: prevalence, risk factors, knowledge and self-perception. Int J Urol 2000; 7:95-103. [PMID: 10750888 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-2042.2000.00147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common problem in adults, especially among the elderly. We examined the prevalence and risk factors of UI and potential factors hindering individuals from seeking treatment for UI among a community-dwelling population aged over 40 years. METHODS Data were collected by mailing a 23-item urinary incontinence questionnaire to a random sample of community-dwelling individuals aged 40-75 years (n=3500) in seven towns of Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Collected data were then used to estimate the prevalence of UI and to provide information regarding subtypes of UI, knowledge and self-perception about UI. RESULTS The overall response rate was 52.5%. Prevalence of UI for male and female respondents were 10.5% and 53.7%, respectively. The incidence of urge incontinence increased as age increased in the male group. In women, stress incontinence was prevalent at all ages and the incidence of urge incontinence increased over 70 years of age. Urinary incontinence was more likely as activities of daily living limitations and cystitis increased. Women with a history of hysterectomy or diabetes mellitus and men who had stroke were at increased risk for UI. Of those who reported UI, only 3% had ever consulted doctors or other health care professionals concerning it, 25% recognized their condition as a disease and 38% considered it curable by appropriate treatments. In addition, 63% regarded UI as an unavoidable consequence of aging, 63% considered their condition was embarrassing and 54% were reluctant to seek treatment from a health professional. CONCLUSIONS Although UI is common among community-dwelling individuals over 40 years of age, the majority of affected individuals remained untreated due to lack of knowledge and/or a negative perception of UI. Thus, community education on UI may be needed to increase the number of UI patients who receive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ueda
- Department of Urology, Kouga Public Hospital, Shiga, Japan.
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Nishino K, Yoshida H, Yoshida O, Watanabe M, Fukushima A, Ueno H. Analysis of responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes from sarcoidosis patients to purified protein derivative. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2000; 44:165-70. [PMID: 10715385 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-5155(99)00182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Negative skin test reaction against purified protein derivative (PPD) is one of the important diagnostic criteria for sarcoidosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between negative skin test reaction against PPD and the responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) against PPD in sarcoidosis patients. METHODS Sarcoidosis patients (n = 14) with ocular changes were selected for this study. As a control, blood was collected from volunteers without uveitis (n = 10). All subjects in both groups had a history of bacille de Calmette-Guerin vaccination, and 8 of the 14 patients underwent the PPD skin test. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from all patients and separated by gradient centrifugation. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were tested for their proliferative responses to PPD. To determine the frequency of PPD-specific precursor cells in blood, limiting dilution analysis was used. The frequency was calculated following the Poisson model. The culture supernatants were harvested 3 days after incubation and assayed for interferon (IFN)-gamma production by ELISA. RESULTS Four of the 8 patients showed a negative skin test reaction against PPD, while all the healthy volunteers had a positive reaction. Compared to PBLs from healthy volunteers, PBLs from sarcoidosis patients showed weaker responses to PPD. There was no clear difference between these two groups about frequency of precursor cells against PPD and production of IFN-gamma. CONCLUSIONS Negative skin test for PPD in sarcoidosis patients does not seem to have any relationship to the low precursor frequency of PPD-specific cells in patient blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nishino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan
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Mizutani Y, Yoshida O, Miki T. Adriamycin-mediated potentiation of cytotoxicity against freshly isolated bladder cancer cells by autologous non-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. J Urol 1999; 162:2170-5. [PMID: 10569614 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)68154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies indicated that cancer patients lack functional anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocytes. However, anti-tumor cytotoxic lymphocytes may coexist with immunoresistant tumor cells. We reasoned that anti-tumor cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes may be revealed if the tumor cells are sensitized to killing. It has been reported that adriamycin (ADR) exhibits various immunomodulating activities. In the present study, we investigate the effect of ADR on the susceptibility of freshly isolated bladder cancer cells to lysis by autologous non-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity was determined by a 1-day microculture tetrazolium dye assay. RESULTS Treatment of ADR-resistant fresh bladder cancer cells with ADR at 0.1 microg./ml. or more for 3 hours or more enhanced their susceptibility to lysis by autologous PBL. This ADR-induced enhancement of susceptibility of fresh bladder cancer cells to lysis by PBL was also observed when lymphokine activated killer cells, purified natural killer cells and T lymphocytes were used as effector cells. Furthermore, while cytotoxicity of freshly derived TIL against autologous bladder cancer cells was minimal, significant cytotoxicity was observed with ADR-treated bladder cancer cells. The ADR analogs, epirubicin and pirarubicin, also enhanced the susceptibility of bladder cancer cells to lysis by autologous PBL. Treatment of bladder cancer cells with ADR had no effect on the expression of MHC class I on the cancer cells or the frequency of bladder cancer target cell conjugates to autologous PBL. Treatment of bladder cancer cells with ADR augmented their sensitivity to anti-Fas monoclonal antibody and tumor necrosis factor-a. Pretreatment of effector cells with ADR had no effect on their cytotoxic function. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that PBL and TIL in patients with bladder cancer exhibit anti-tumor cytotoxic function, but their function is not manifested due to development or acquisition of tumor cell resistance to killing. However, the resistance of bladder cancer cells to killing by cytotoxic lymphocytes is overcome if cancer cells are sensitized by subtoxic concentrations of ADR. These findings suggest that treatment of bladder cancer patients with low doses of ADR may sensitize the cancer cells to killing by autologous circulating and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and may be a novel immunotherapeutic modality for the treatment of drug-resistant and/or immune-resistant bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mizutani
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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