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Sharafi E, Dehestani A, Farmani J, Parizi AP, Taheri‐Kafrani A. Chlorophyllase‐Catalyzed Chlorophyll Removal from Vegetable Oils Using Recombinant Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Enzymes. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Sharafi
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University 578 Sari Iran
| | - Ali Dehestani
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University 578 Sari Iran
| | - Jamshid Farmani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University 578 Sari Iran
| | - Ali Pakdin Parizi
- Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University 578 Sari Iran
| | - Asghar Taheri‐Kafrani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies University of Isfahan Isfahan 81746‐73441 Iran
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A Saponification Method for Chlorophyll Removal from Microalgae Biomass as Oil Feedstock. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14090162. [PMID: 27618070 PMCID: PMC5039533 DOI: 10.3390/md14090162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae oil is an optimal feedstock for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biodiesel production, but its high levels of chlorophyll limit its large-scale application. To date, few effective approaches have been developed to remove chlorophyll from microalgae oil. The main purpose of this study was to present a preprocessing method of algae oil feedstock (Scenedesmus) to remove chlorophyll by saponification. The results showed that 96% of chlorophyll in biomass was removed. High quality orange transparent oil could be extracted from the chlorophyll reduced biomass. Specifically, the proportion of neutral lipids and saturation levels of fatty acids increased, and the pigments composition became carotenoids-based. The critical parameters of chlorophyll reduced biodiesel conformed to the standards of the USA, China and EU. Sodium copper chlorophyllin could be prepared from the bleaching effluent. The results presented herein offer a useful pathway to improve the quality of microalgae oil and reduce the cost of microalgae biodiesel.
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Yang M, Zheng C, Zhou Q, Huang F, Liu C, Wang H. Minor components and oxidative stability of cold-pressed oil from rapeseed cultivars in China. J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Optimization of Chlorophyllase-catalyzed Hydrolysis of Chlorophyll in Monophasic Organic Solvent Media. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 142:263-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-0021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Revised: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chung DW, Pruzinská A, Hörtensteiner S, Ort DR. The role of pheophorbide a oxygenase expression and activity in the canola green seed problem. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 142:88-97. [PMID: 16844830 PMCID: PMC1557622 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.084483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Under normal field growth conditions, canola (Brassica napus) seeds produce chloroplasts during early seed development and then catabolize the photosynthetic machinery during seed maturation, producing mature seeds at harvest that are essentially free of chlorophyll (Chl). However, frost exposure early in canola seed development disrupts the normal programming of Chl degradation, resulting in green seed at harvest and thereby significantly devaluing the crop. Pheophorbide a oxygenase (PaO), a key control point in the overall regulation of Chl degradation, was affected by freezing. Pheophorbide a, the substrate of PaO, accumulated during late stages of maturation in seeds that had been exposed to freezing during early seed development. Freezing interfered with the induction of PaO activity that normally occurs in the later phases of canola seed development when Chl should be cleared from the seed. Moreover, we found that the induction of PaO activity in canola seed was largely posttranslationally controlled and it was at this level that freezing interfered with PaO activation. The increased accumulation of PaO transcript and protein levels during seed development was not altered by the freezing episode, and the increase in PaO protein was small compared to the increase in PaO activity. We found that PaO could be phosphorylated and that phosphorylation decreased with increasing activity, implicating PaO dephosphorylation as an important posttranslational control mechanism for this enzyme. Two PaO genes, BnPaO1 and BnPaO2, were identified in senescing canola leaves and during early seed development, but only BnPaO2 was expressed in maturing, degreening seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davyd W Chung
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801, USA
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Karboune S, Neufeld R, Kermasha S. Immobilization and biocatalysis of chlorophyllase in selected organic solvent systems. J Biotechnol 2005; 120:273-83. [PMID: 16087266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Revised: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyllase extract from Phaeodactylum tricornutum was immobilized by physical adsorption on DEAE-cellulose and silica gel as well as by covalent binding on Eupergit C, Eupergit C250L, Eupergit C/ethylenediamine (EDA) and Eupergit C250L/EDA. Although the highest immobilization yield (83-93%) and efficiency (51-53%) were obtained when chlorophyllase extract was immobilized on DEAE-cellulose and silica gel, there was no improvement in the thermal stability of chlorophyllase as compared to that of the free one. The immobilization of chlorophyllase extract on Eupergit C250L/EDA resulted by a high recovery of enzymatic activity, with an immobilization efficiency of 44%, and promoted a higher stabilization of chlorophyllase (four times) in the aqueous/miscible organic solvent medium. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect of refined bleached deodorized (RBD) canola oil was reduced by immobilization of chlorophyllase extract onto silica gel as compared to those obtained with other enzyme preparations. However, the re-cycled chlorophyllase extract immobilized on Eupergit C250L/EDA retained more than 75% of its initial enzyme activity after 6 cycles, whereas that immobilized on silica gel was completely inactivated. The highest catalytic efficiency, for both free and immobilized chlorophyllase on Eupergit C250L/EDA, was obtained in the ternary micellar system as compared to the aqueous/miscible organic solvent and biphasic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
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Bahmaei M, sadat Sabbaghian E, Farzadkish E. Development of a method for chlorophyll removal from canola oil using mineral acids. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-005-1128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham sadat Sabbaghian
- Research and Development Laboratory of Savola Behshahr Ind. Co.; 8th Km Fath Rd. Tehran Iran
| | - Ebrahim Farzadkish
- Research and Development Laboratory of Savola Behshahr Ind. Co.; 8th Km Fath Rd. Tehran Iran
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Bitar M, Karboune S, Bisakowski B, Kermasha S. Chlorophyllase biocatalysis in an aqueous/miscible organic solvent medium containing canola oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-004-1003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Bitar
- ; Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry; McGill University; 21,111 Lakeshore H9X 3V9 Ste-Anne de Bellevue Quebec Canada
| | - Salwa Karboune
- ; Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry; McGill University; 21,111 Lakeshore H9X 3V9 Ste-Anne de Bellevue Quebec Canada
| | - Barbara Bisakowski
- ; Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry; McGill University; 21,111 Lakeshore H9X 3V9 Ste-Anne de Bellevue Quebec Canada
| | - Selim Kermasha
- ; Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry; McGill University; 21,111 Lakeshore H9X 3V9 Ste-Anne de Bellevue Quebec Canada
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Gomes MSO, Sinnecker P, Tanaka RT, Lanfer-Marquez UM. Effect of harvesting and drying conditions on chlorophyll levels of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:1634-9. [PMID: 12617597 DOI: 10.1021/jf011227w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll in soybean represents a downgrading factor for the crops. Five Brazilian cultivars were harvested between R(6) and R(8) stage of development (Fehr & Caviness scale) and dried at 25 degrees and 40 degrees C. The effect of maturity stages and two drying conditions after harvest were studied to achieve reduction of moisture and chlorophylls to acceptable levels. When seeds were dried at 25 degrees C, even harvesting at early stages of development such as R(6), the green pigments were almost degraded, and 16 ppm of chlorophyll were found at maximum, accompanied by loss of moisture. Moisture and chlorophyll declines as seed matures, but at intermediary stages (R(6)-R(7)), chlorophyll degrades first, so the rate of moisture loss should not be used to predict chlorophyll contents. At 40 degrees C, complete degradation of chlorophyll pigments is only achieved when seeds are swathed from R(7) stage up, otherwise the seed quality could be compromised. Slow drying allows almost complete removal of green pigments, even when seeds are swathed a few days before the physiological maturity stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salete O Gomes
- Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 66083, CEP 05389-970, Brasil
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Roca M, Mínguez-Mosquera MI. Changes in chloroplast pigments of olive varieties during fruit ripening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2001; 49:832-839. [PMID: 11262037 DOI: 10.1021/jf001000l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Changes in chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments of five olive (Olea europaea L.) varieties destined for milling were investigated at six consecutive ripening stages. There was a manifest dependence between olive variety, moment of picking, and chloroplast pigment composition of the fruits. Although the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids differed with fruit variety, ripening always involved their gradual loss, which becames more pronounced with increased presence of anthocyanin compounds. The relative rates of disappearance of chlorophylls and carotenoids were markedly different between varieties, implying that the catabolism of these pigments takes place at a relative rate inherent to each variety. The varieties less rich in pigments showed the most extreme behavior. The highest relative rate of disappearance was observed in fruits of the Blanqueta variety, and the lowest was observed in those of Arbequina. The chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio remained practically constant during ripening, with a value very similar for Hojiblanca, Picual, Cornicabra, and Blanqueta, but much higher for Arbequina, implying that the structure of the photosynthetic apparatus is different in the latter variety. In the five varieties studied, lutein was the slowest carotenoid to be degraded, so that its percentage in the fruits increased with ripening, whereas beta-carotene was the fastest to disappear. In ripe fruits covered with anthocyanins, chloroplast pigments were retained in both skin and pulp, with the rate of disappearance being much higher in the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roca
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Avenida Padre García Tejero 4, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Samaha H, Kermasha S. Biocatalysis of chlorophyllase in a ternary micellar system containing Span 85 using purified and oxidized pheophytins as substrates. J Biotechnol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(97)00070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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KHAMESSAN A, KERMASHA S. BIOCATALYSIS OF CHLOROPHYLLASE IN CANOLA OIL USING ORGANIC SOLVENT SYSTEMS. J Food Biochem 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1996.tb00558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Isabel Mínguez-Mosquera M, Gandul-Rojas B, Garrido-Fernández J. Preparation of Cu(II) complexes of oxidized chlorophylls and their determination by thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)01212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Purification and characterization of chlorophyllase from algaPhaeodactylum tricornutum by preparative native electrophoresis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02783478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sosulski K, Sosulski FW. Enzyme-aidedvs. two-stage processing of canola: Technology, product quality and cost evaluation. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02545338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Prior EM, Vadke VS, Sosulski FW. Effect of heat treatments on canola press oils. I. Non- triglyceride components. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02663756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Prior
- ; Department of Crop Science and Plant Ecology; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N OWO Canada
- ; Nestlé Research Center; Nestec Ltd.; Vers-chez-les-Blanc Switzerland Lausanne 26 CH-1000
| | - Vivekenand S. Vadke
- ; Department of Crop Science and Plant Ecology; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N OWO Canada
- Desmet Chemfood Engineering Ltd.; D1/37 Vasant Vihar New Dehli 110057 India
| | - Frank W. Sosulski
- ; Department of Crop Science and Plant Ecology; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N OWO Canada
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Kalmokoff M, Pickard M, GrootWassink J. Resistance of Green Pigments in Commercial Canola Oil to Enzymatic Hydrolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0315-5463(88)71034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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