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Le QT, Bertrand C, Vilar R. Femtosecond laser ablation of enamel. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:65005. [PMID: 27330005 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.6.065005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The surface topographical, compositional, and structural modifications induced in human enamel by femtosecond laser ablation is studied. The laser treatments were performed using a Yb:KYW chirped-pulse-regenerative amplification laser system (560 fs and 1030 nm) and fluences up to 14 J/cm2. The ablation surfaces were studied by scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Regardless of the fluence, the ablation surfaces were covered by a layer of resolidified material, indicating that ablation is accompanied by melting of hydroxyapatite. This layer presented pores and exploded gas bubbles, created by the release of gaseous decomposition products of hydroxyapatite (CO2 and H2O) within the liquid phase. In the specimen treated with 1-kHz repetition frequency and 14 J/cm2, thickness of the resolidified material is in the range of 300 to 900 nm. The micro-Raman analysis revealed that the resolidified material contains amorphous calcium phosphate, while grazing incidence x-ray diffraction analysis allowed detecting traces of a calcium phosphate other than hydroxyapatite, probably β-tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2, at the surface of this specimen. The present results show that the ablation of enamel involves melting of enamel’s hydroxyapatite, but the thickness of the altered layer is very small and thermal damage of the remaining material is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang-Tri Le
- Lisbon University, Instituto Superior Técnico and CeFEMA Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalbLaboratoire ICMCB-CNRS-UPR9048, 87, Avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33608 PESSAC Cedex, Franc
| | - Caroline Bertrand
- Laboratoire ICMCB-CNRS-UPR9048, 87, Avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33608 PESSAC Cedex, France
| | - Rui Vilar
- Lisbon University, Instituto Superior Técnico and CeFEMA Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Boutinguiza M, Pou J, Comesaña R, Lusquiños F, de Carlos A, León B. Biological hydroxyapatite obtained from fish bones. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Courtland HW, Nasser P, Goldstone AB, Spevak L, Boskey AL, Jepsen KJ. Fourier transform infrared imaging microspectroscopy and tissue-level mechanical testing reveal intraspecies variation in mouse bone mineral and matrix composition. Calcif Tissue Int 2008; 83:342-53. [PMID: 18855037 PMCID: PMC2650490 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-008-9176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fracture susceptibility is heritable and dependent upon bone morphology and quality. However, studies of bone quality are typically overshadowed by emphasis on bone geometry and bone mineral density. Given that differences in mineral and matrix composition exist in a variety of species, we hypothesized that genetic variation in bone quality and tissue-level mechanical properties would also exist within species. Sixteen-week-old female A/J, C57BL/6J (B6), and C3H/HeJ (C3H) inbred mouse femora were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared imaging and tissue-level mechanical testing for variation in mineral composition, mineral maturity, collagen cross-link ratio, and tissue-level mechanical properties. A/J femora had an increased mineral-to-matrix ratio compared to B6. The C3H mineral-to-matrix ratio was intermediate of A/J and B6. C3H femora had reduced acid phosphate and carbonate levels and an increased collagen cross-link ratio compared to A/J and B6. Modulus values paralleled mineral-to-matrix values, with A/J femora being the most stiff, B6 being the least stiff, and C3H having intermediate stiffness. In addition, work-to-failure varied among the strains, with the highly mineralized and brittle A/J femora performing the least amount of work-to-failure. Inbred mice are therefore able to differentially modulate the composition of their bone mineral and the maturity of their bone matrix in conjunction with tissue-level mechanical properties. These results suggest that specific combinations of bone quality and morphological traits are genetically regulated such that mechanically functional bones can be constructed in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden-William Courtland
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, e-mail:
| | - Philip Nasser
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1188, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA, e-mail:
| | - Andrew B. Goldstone
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1188, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA, e-mail:
| | - Lyudmila Spevak
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, e-mail:
| | - Adele L. Boskey
- Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, e-mail:
| | - Karl J. Jepsen
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Box 1188, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Gourion-Arsiquaud S, West PA, Boskey AL. Fourier transform-infrared microspectroscopy and microscopic imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 455:293-303. [PMID: 18463826 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-104-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
For age- and sex-matched subjects, osteoporotic bone is more fragile than healthy bone. Vibrational infrared spectroscopy and in particular infrared microspectroscopic imaging is a useful tool for investigating and characterizing changes associated with metabolic bone diseases including osteoporosis in biopsied tissues. Strength-related measures such as bone mineral content/composition as well as spectroscopically determined bone quality-related measures such as mineral crystallinity, carbonate substitution, and collagen cross-linking consequently differ between osteoporotic patients and normal subjects. Validated IR parameters specific to the mineral and matrix components of bone have been defined and can now be used to quantify anatomical/spatial variations and the effect of new therapies on osteoporotic bone.
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Boskey AL, Mendelsohn R. Infrared spectroscopic characterization of mineralized tissues. VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY 2005; 38:107-114. [PMID: 16691288 PMCID: PMC1459415 DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2005.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy (Infrared and Raman), and in particular micro-spectroscopy and micro-spectroscopic imaging has been used to characterize developmental changes in bone and other mineralized tissues, to monitor these changes in cell cultures, and to detect disease and drug-induced modifications. Examples of the use of infrared micro-spectroscopy and micro-spectroscopic imaging are discussed in this review.
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Danilchenko SN, Pokrovskiy VA, Bogatyrov VM, Sukhodub LF, Sulkio-Cleff B. Carbonate location in bone tissue mineral by X-ray diffraction and temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.200410410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ito A, Maekawa K, Tsutsumi S, Ikazaki F, Tateishi T. Solubility product of OH-carbonated hydroxyapatite. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1997; 36:522-8. [PMID: 9294768 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(19970915)36:4<522::aid-jbm10>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Information on the solubility of OH-carbonated hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(CO3)x(OH)2-2x, previously has not been available. In the present study the solubility product (Ksp) of OH-carbonated hydroxyapatite was measured in a 0.1 M acetic acid and sodium acetate buffer solution in a pH range of 4.0-5.8 at a CO2 partial pressure of 10(-3.52) atm. The equilibrium solubility increased with the increase of carbonate content. The Ksp values decreased with the decrease of pH. For example, Ksps were 10(-119), 10(-123), and 10(-130) for pure hydroxyapatite at pH 4.9, 4.5, and 4.1, respectively. The decrease of Ksp was not accounted for by calcium-carbonate complexation. Ksp measured at isoelectric points (L) was expressed as pL = 118.65 - 0.47316 x (CO2 wt%)2.4176. From this formula, the L values were calculated for pure and fully carbonated hydroxyapatite as 10(-118.7) and 10(102.8), respectively. The L value for pure hydroxyapatite agreed with values measured under carbonate-free conditions. Therefore, the L values were regarded as the Ksp for OH-carbonated hydroxyapatite excluding errors arising from carbonate contamination in the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ito
- National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, MITI, Ibaraki, Japan
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Abstract
Hydroxyapatites precipitated at pH 7.0 and 9.0 with and without carbonate and with different amounts of magnesium were studied. Mg uptake, Ca/P ratios, and lattice constant data indicate that Mg is incorporated into the apatite lattice. IR spectra demonstrate the formation of B-type carbonate apatites with carbonate substituting for phosphate. Decomposition of carbonate-containing apatites at elevated temperatures up to 1000 degrees C is more gradual for apatites prepared at pH 9.0 than for those prepared at pH 7.0 for which an abrupt loss of carbonate occurs after 600 degrees C. Compounds synthesized without added carbonate partially transform to beta Ca3(PO4)2 (TCP) at about 700 degrees C. Greater transformation to TCP occurs as the Mg incorporation is increased, indicating the insertion of Mg into TCP and consequent stabilization of the TCP. SEM micrographs show increases in the size of crystallites when apatites are precipitated with Mg (in the 0.2-1.5% range), providing further evidence for Mg incorporation into the apatite structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mayer
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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De Maeyer EAP, Verbeeck RMH, Pieters IY. Effect of K(+) on the Stoichiometry of Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Obtained by the Hydrolysis of Monetite. Inorg Chem 1996; 35:857-863. [PMID: 11666257 DOI: 10.1021/ic950916k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the stoichiometry and the thermal stability of K(+)- and CO(3)(2)(-)-containing apatites (KCAp's) obtained by the hydrolysis of monetite. The analysis results of the samples after drying reveal that the KCAp's start to lose carbonate at temperatures </= 400 degrees C. The predominant substitution mechanisms for the K(+)- and CO(3)(2)(-) incorporation in calcium hydroxyapatite are [Ca(2+) + PO(4)(3)(-) + OH(-) <--> V(Ca) + CO(3)(2)(-) + V(OH)] and [Ca(2+) + PO(4)(3)(-) <--> K(+) + CO(3)(2)(-)], where V(X) stands for a vacancy in the X-sublattice. Moreover, a small part of the CO(3)(2)(-) ions are presumably incorporated according to [Ca(2+) + 2PO(4)(3)(-) <--> V(Ca) + 2CO(3)(2)(-)]. A comparison of the contributions of these fundamental mechanisms with the results for precipitated Na(+)- and CO(3)(2)(-)-containing apatites shows that no intrinsic coupling whatsoever exists between these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna A. P. De Maeyer
- Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Ghent, Krijgslaan 281-S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Bawden JW, Crenshaw MA, Wright JT, LeGeros RZ. Consideration of possible biologic mechanisms of fluorosis. J Dent Res 1995; 74:1349-52. [PMID: 7560384 DOI: 10.1177/00220345950740070501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J W Bawden
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA
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Iijima M, Kamemizu H, Wakamatsu N, Goto T, Moriwaki Y. Thermal decomposition of Lingula shell apatite. Calcif Tissue Int 1991; 49:128-33. [PMID: 1655174 DOI: 10.1007/bf02565135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lingula shell is composed of apatite with a preferred orientation. The shell apatites of Lingula unguis(Lu) and Lingula shantoungensis(Ls) were characterized and compared with apatite of human tooth enamel. Insight into the Lingula apatite was studied by following the change of lattice parameter, transformation to beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP), and the loss and change of CO3, OH, and H2O after heating up to 1,000 degrees C in air and N2 for 24 hours. The OH stretching band was not observed in unheated apatites and in apatites heated in dried N2. Lu and Ls apatite produced 26 and 17 wt% of beta-TCP at 700 degrees C, respectively. Fifty to 60% of H2O was lost at 200 degrees C, being accompanied by a drastic contraction of the a- and c-axis and a drastic decrease in the crystallinity. These results indicate that (1) Lu and Ls shell apatite is CO3 containing F + Cl-apatite, and (2) the structural H2O of the Lingula apatite is loosely bounded such that they are lost at lower temperature than tooth enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iijima
- Asahi University School of Denistry, Dental Materials and Technology, Gifu, Japan
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