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Varga M, Kresakova L, Danko J, Vdoviakova K, Humenik F, Rusnak P, Giretova M, Spakovska T, Andrejcakova Z, Kadasi M, Vrzgula M, Criepokova Z, Ivaskova S, Korim F, Medvecky L. Tetracalcium Phosphate Biocement Hardened with a Mixture of Phytic Acid-Phytase in the Healing Process of Osteochondral Defects in Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15690. [PMID: 37958674 PMCID: PMC10647259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaline articular cartilage has unique physiological, biological, and biomechanical properties with very limited self-healing ability, which makes the process of cartilage regeneration extremely difficult. Therefore, research is currently focused on finding new and potentially better treatment options. The main objective of this in vivo study was to evaluate a novel biocement CX consisting of tetracalcium phosphate-monetit biocement hardened with a phytic acid-phytase mixture for the regeneration of osteochondral defects in sheep. The results were compared with tetracalcium phosphate-monetit biocement with classic fast-setting cement systems and untreated defects. After 6 months, the animals were sacrificed, and the samples were evaluated using macroscopic and histologic methods as well as X-ray, CT, and MR-imaging techniques. In contrast to the formation of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue on the untreated side, treatment with biocements resulted in the formation of tissue with a dominant hyaline cartilage structure, although fine fibres were present (p < 0.001). There were no signs of pathomorphological changes or inflammation. Continuous formation of subchondral bone and hyaline cartilage layers was present even though residual biocement was observed in the trabecular bone. We consider biocement CX to be highly biocompatible and suitable for the treatment of osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maros Varga
- Hospital AGEL Kosice-Saca, Lucna 57, 040 15 Kosice-Saca, Slovakia; (M.V.); (P.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Lenka Kresakova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (F.H.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
| | - Jan Danko
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (F.H.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
| | - Katarina Vdoviakova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (F.H.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
| | - Filip Humenik
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (F.H.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
| | - Pavol Rusnak
- Hospital AGEL Kosice-Saca, Lucna 57, 040 15 Kosice-Saca, Slovakia; (M.V.); (P.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Maria Giretova
- Division of Functional and Hybrid Systems, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Tatiana Spakovska
- Hospital AGEL Kosice-Saca, Lucna 57, 040 15 Kosice-Saca, Slovakia; (M.V.); (P.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Zuzana Andrejcakova
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Marian Kadasi
- Clinic of Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Marko Vrzgula
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Criepokova
- Clinic of Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Sonja Ivaskova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (F.H.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
| | - Filip Korim
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (F.H.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
| | - Lubomir Medvecky
- Division of Functional and Hybrid Systems, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.G.); (L.M.)
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2
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Hasan LK, Aljabban J, Rohr M, Mukhtar M, Adapa N, Salim R, Aljabban N, Syed S, Syed S, Panahiazar M, Hadley D, Jarjour W. Metaanalysis Reveals Genetic Correlates of Osteoporosis Pathogenesis. J Rheumatol 2020; 48:940-945. [PMID: 33262303 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.200951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is a growing healthcare burden. By identifying osteoporosis-promoting genetic variations, we can spotlight targets for new pharmacologic therapies that will improve patient outcomes. In this metaanalysis, we analyzed mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biomarkers in patients with osteoporosis. METHODS We employed our Search Tag Analyze Resource for the Gene Expression Omnibus (STARGEO) platform to conduct a metaanalysis to define osteoporosis pathogenesis. We compared 15 osteoporotic and 14 healthy control MSC samples. We then analyzed the genetic signature in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS The top canonical pathways identified that were statistically significant included the serine peptidase inhibitor kazal type 1 pancreatic cancer pathway, calcium signaling, pancreatic adenocarcinoma signaling, axonal guidance signaling, and glutamate receptor signaling. Upstream regulators involved in this disease process included ESR1, dexamethasone, CTNNβ1, CREB1, and ERBB2. CONCLUSION Although there has been extensive research looking at the genetic basis for inflammatory arthritis, very little literature currently exists that has identified genetic pathways contributing to osteoporosis. Our study has identified several important genes involved in osteoporosis pathogenesis including ESR1, CTNNβ1, CREB1, and ERBB2. ESR1 has been shown to have numerous polymorphisms, which may play a prominent role in osteoporosis. The Wnt pathway, which includes the CTNNβ1 gene identified in our study, plays a prominent role in bone mass regulation. Wnt pathway polymorphisms can increase susceptibility to osteoporosis. Our analysis also suggests a potential mechanism for ERBB2 in osteoporosis through Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D). Our metaanalysis identifies several genes and pathways that can be targeted to develop new anabolic drugs for osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith K Hasan
- L.K. Hasan, BBA, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Lousiana;
| | - Jihad Aljabban
- J. Aljabban, MD, MMSc, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michael Rohr
- M. Rohr, BS, D. Hadley, MD, PhD, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Mohamed Mukhtar
- M. Mukhtar, BS, Michigan State University College of Medicine, Lansing, Michigan
| | - Nikhil Adapa
- N. Adapa, MD, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Rahaf Salim
- R. Salim, BS, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nabeal Aljabban
- N. Aljabban, BS, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Saad Syed
- S. Syed, BS, S. Syed, MD, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Sharjeel Syed
- S. Syed, BS, S. Syed, MD, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Maryam Panahiazar
- M. Panahiazar, PhD, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Dexter Hadley
- M. Rohr, BS, D. Hadley, MD, PhD, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Wael Jarjour
- W. Jarjour, MD, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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3
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Robinson LJ, Blair HC, Barnett JB, Soboloff J. The roles of Orai and Stim in bone health and disease. Cell Calcium 2019; 81:51-58. [PMID: 31201955 PMCID: PMC7181067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Orai and Stim proteins are the mediators of calcium release-activated calcium signaling and are important in the regulation of bone homeostasis and disease. This includes separate regulatory systems controlling mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to form osteoblasts, which make bone, and differentiation and regulation of osteoclasts, which resorb bone. These systems will be described separately, and their integration and relation to other systems, including Orai and Stim in teeth, will be briefly discussed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown WV 26505, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown WV 26505, United States.
| | - Harry C Blair
- Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA 15206, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - John B Barnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown WV 26505, United States
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and the Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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Sharma A, Desando G, Petretta M, Chawla S, Bartolotti I, Manferdini C, Paolella F, Gabusi E, Trucco D, Ghosh S, Lisignoli G. Investigating the Role of Sustained Calcium Release in Silk-Gelatin-Based Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Constructs for Enhancing the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1518-1533. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aarushi Sharma
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Giovanna Desando
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio RAMSES, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Mauro Petretta
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratorio RAMSES, Bologna 40136, Italy
- RegenHu Ltd, Villaz St. Pierre CH-1690, Switzerland
| | - Shikha Chawla
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | | | - Cristina Manferdini
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Francesca Paolella
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Elena Gabusi
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Diego Trucco
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Gina Lisignoli
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna 40136, Italy
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5
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Calcium signaling in osteoclasts. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:979-83. [PMID: 21075150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It has long been known that many bone diseases, including osteoporosis, involve abnormalities in osteoclastic bone resorption. As a result, there has been intense study of the mechanisms that regulate both the differentiation and bone resorbing function of osteoclast cells. Calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling appears to play a critical role in the differentiation and functions of osteoclasts. Cytoplasmic Ca(2+) oscillations occur during RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Ca(2+) oscillations provide a digital Ca(2+) signal that induces osteoclasts to up-regulate and autoamplify nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), a Ca(2+)/calcineurin-dependent master regulator of osteoclastogenesis. Here we review previous studies on Ca(2+) signaling in osteoclasts as well as recent breakthroughs in understanding the basis of RANKL-induced Ca(2+) oscillations, and we discuss possible molecular players in this specialized Ca(2+) response that appears pivotal for normal bone function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 11th European Symposium on Calcium.
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6
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Krieger NS, Bushinsky DA. Pharmacological inhibition of intracellular calcium release blocks acid-induced bone resorption. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 300:F91-7. [PMID: 21048027 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00276.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo chronic metabolic acidosis induces net Ca2+ efflux from bone, and incubation of neonatal mouse calvariae in medium simulating physiological metabolic acidosis induces bone resorption. It appears that activation of the proton (H+) receptor OGR1 in the osteoblast leads to an increase in intracellular Ca2+, which is associated with an increase in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and PGE2-induced receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and H+-induced osteoclastic bone resorption. To support this hypothesis, we tested whether intracellular Ca2+ signaling was integral to H+-induced bone resorption by determining whether 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), inhibitors of inositol trisphosphate-mediated Ca2+ signaling, would block H+-induced bone resorption in cultured neonatal calvariae and, if so, would do so by inhibiting H+-induced stimulation of COX2 and RANKL in osteoblastic cells. We found that H+-induced bone resorption is significantly inhibited by TMB-8 and 2-APB. Both compounds also inhibit H+-induced stimulation of COX2 protein in calvariae and COX2 mRNA and protein levels in primary osteoblasts. H+-induced stimulation of RANKL in calvarial cultures, as well as primary cells, is also completely inhibited by TMB-8 and 2-APB. These results support the hypothesis that H+ stimulation of net Ca2+ efflux from bone, mediated by COX2- and subsequent PGE2-induced RANKL production, is initiated in the osteoblast via activation of Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Krieger
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 675, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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7
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Yaroslavskiy BB, Sharrow AC, Wells A, Robinson LJ, Blair HC. Necessity of inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptor 1 and mu-calpain in NO-induced osteoclast motility. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:2884-94. [PMID: 17690304 PMCID: PMC2976040 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.004184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In skeletal remodeling, osteoclasts degrade bone, detach and move to new locations. Mechanical stretch and estrogen regulate osteoclast motility via nitric oxide (NO). We have found previously that NO stimulates guanylyl cyclase, activating the cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PKG1), reversibly terminating osteoclast matrix degradation and attachment, and initiating motility. The PKG1 substrate vasodilator-stimulated protein (VASP), a membrane-attachment-related protein found in complexes with the integrin alphavbeta3 in adherent osteoclasts, was also required for motility. Here, we studied downstream mechanisms by which the NO-dependent pathway mediates osteoclast relocation. We found that NO-stimulated motility is dependent on activation of the Ca(2+)-activated proteinase mu-calpain. RNA interference (RNAi) showed that NO-dependent activation of mu-calpain also requires PKG1 and VASP. Inhibition of Src kinases, which are involved in the regulation of adhesion complexes, also abolished NO-stimulated calpain activity. Pharmacological inhibition and RNAi showed that calpain activation in this process is mediated by the inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptor 1 [Ins(1,4,5)P(3)R1] Ca(2+) channel. We conclude that NO-induced motility in osteoclasts requires regulated Ca(2+) release, which activates mu-calpain. This occurs via the Ins(1,4,5)P(3)R1.
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8
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Abstract
Calcium transport and calcium signalling mechanisms in bone cells have, in many cases, been discovered by study of diseases with disordered bone metabolism. Calcium matrix deposition is driven primarily by phosphate production, and disorders in bone deposition include abnormalities in membrane phosphate transport such as in chondrocalcinosis, and defects in phosphate-producing enzymes such as in hypophosphatasia. Matrix removal is driven by acidification, which dissolves the mineral. Disorders in calcium removal from bone matrix by osteoclasts cause osteopetrosis. On the other hand, although bone is central to management of extracellular calcium, bone is not a major calcium sensing organ, although calcium sensing proteins are expressed in both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Intracellular calcium signals are involved in secondary control including cellular motility and survival, but the relationship of these findings to specific diseases is not clear. Intracellular calcium signals may regulate the balance of cell survival versus proliferation or anabolic functional response as part of signalling cascades that integrate the response to primary signals via cell stretch, estrogen, tyrosine kinase, and tumor necrosis factor receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Blair
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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9
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Abstract
The osteoclast is a specialized multinucleated variant of the macrophage family. It degrades mineralized tissue, and is required for modeling and remodeling of bone. The osteoclast has long been known to require vitamin D for its differentiation and to be regulated by parathyroid hormone via circulating Ca(2+) levels. Two local signals important in osteoclast survival and differentiation, CSF-1 and RANKL, were characterized by the mid-1990 s. A basic framework of specialized cell attachment and resorption molecules was also clear by that time, including the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, the key adhesion molecule of the mature osteoclast, the highly expressed vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase that drives acid secretion to dissolve mineral, and cathepsin K, the predominant acid proteinase for collagenolysis. Recently, additional detail has been added to this framework, showing that the osteoclast has more complex regulation than was previously believed. These include the findings that one component of the V-H(+)-ATPase is unique to the osteoclast, that chloride transport and probably Cl(-)/H(+) exchange are also required for mineral degradation, and that additional receptors besides RANK and Fms regulate osteoclast formation and survival. Additional receptors include estrogen receptor-alpha, TNF-family receptors other than RANK, and, at least in some cases, glycoprotein hormone receptors including the TSH-R and the FSH-R. Challenges in understanding osteoclast biology include how the signalling mechanisms function cooperatively. Recent findings suggest that there is a network of cytoplasmic adapters, including Gab-2 and BCAR1, which are modified by multiple signalling mechanisms and which serve to integrate the signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Blair
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and Veterans' Affairs Health System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Kaspler P, Horowitz M. Heat acclimation and heat stress have different effects on cholinergic-induced calcium mobilization. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2001; 280:R1688-96. [PMID: 11353672 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.6.r1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that the signal transduction array responsible for the secretion of water in evaporative cooling by the submaxillary gland of the rat is subject to heat acclimatory responses. The objectives of the present study were 1) to examine whether heat acclimation affects intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and, in turn, submaxillary glandular responsiveness; 2) to assess whether the acclimatory responses differ from those evoked on heat stress (HS). Experiments were conducted on submaxillary glands of rats acclimated at 34°C for 0, 2 [short-term heat acclimation (STHA)], and 30 [long-term heat acclimation (LTHA)] days. The resting cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c) and the carbamylcholine-evoked calcium signal ([Ca2+]s) of dispersed glandular cells were measured using the fluorescent dye fura 2 AM. Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-sensitive endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores were determined in permeabilized cells using fura 2 potassium salt. STHA resulted in a drop in both [Ca2+]s and IP3-sensitive Ca2+ stores. On LTHA, the [Ca2+]samplitude reverted to the preacclimation value, whereas the IP3-sensitive Ca2+ stores remained low. The drop in [Ca2+]s on STHA is in accord with the decreased glandular output (measured by 86Rb efflux) observed during this acclimation phase. However, after LTHA the enhanced glandular output despite reduced [Ca2+]s levels suggests an increased efficiency of cellular secretory mechanisms in that group. Collectively, the alterations in [Ca2+]ssupport our biphasic acclimation model (Horowitz M, Kaspler P, Marmari Y, and Oron Y. J Appl Physiol 80: 77–85, 1996.). In nonacclimated glands, HS caused an elevation in [Ca2+]s coincidentally with a decrease in the IP3 Ca2+ stores. In contrast, [Ca2+]s in both STHA and LTHA glands was not affected by HS, despite a marked increase in the IP3-sensitive Ca2+ stores in the LTHA glands. The opposing responses to HS and heat acclimation in calcium signaling and stores confirm the specificity of each process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kaspler
- Division of Physiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Pines M, Fukayama S, Costas K, Meurer E, Goldsmith PK, Xu X, Muallem S, Behar V, Chorev M, Rosenblatt M, Tashjian AH, Suva LJ. Inositol 1-,4-,5-trisphosphate-dependent Ca2+ signaling by the recombinant human PTH/PTHrP receptor stably expressed in a human kidney cell line. Bone 1996; 18:381-9. [PMID: 8726398 DOI: 10.1016/8756-3282(96)00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported the preparation and partial characterization of a series of human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK-293) stably expressing various numbers of the recombinant human (h) parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related protein (PTHrP) receptor (Rc). Using this expression system we examined ligand (PTH or PTHrP) binding characteristics and cyclic AMP responsiveness. We have now extended these studies to investigate the calcium signal transduction pathways activated by the hPTH/PTHrP Rc. In parental HEK-293 cells, which lack endogenous PTH/PTHrP Rc, incubation with hPTH(1-34) had no effect on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i. In HEK-293 clone C-21, stably expressing approximately 400,000 Rc/cell, PTH stimulated an increase in [Ca2+]i by Ca2+ release from intracellular stores; PTH released Ca2+ exclusively from the IP3 sensitive Ca2+ pool. Unlike previous studies, the ability of PTH to elicit both cAMP responses and [Ca2+]i transients occurred over a wide range of Rc numbers (between 400,000 and 3000 Rc/cell); both responses were always observed at PTH concentrations in the same dose range although the magnitude of the responses decrease with Rc number. Pretreatment of C-21 cells with pertussis toxin for 24 h, which significantly enhanced PTH-stimulated cAMP accumulation, did not modulate PTH-stimulated [Ca2+]i transients. At each PTH concentration tested which resulted in increased cAMP levels, there was also an increase in [Ca2+]i transients. Treatment of C-21 cells with a battery of midregion and C-terminal PTH or PTHrP peptides showed no effect on either [Ca2+]i transients or cAMP accumulation, indicating a lack of functional interactions between these peptides and the form of the hPTH/PTHrP Rc stably expressed in these cells. Immunological analysis of G-protein expression demonstrated the presence of Gs, Gi, and Gq in all parental and transfected cells lines examined. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the hPTH/PTHrP Rc, stably expressed in HEK-293 cells, elicits responses in both the cAMP and IP3-dependent [Ca2+]i pathways and is responsive only to N-terminal PTH/PTHrP peptides.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Western
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cytosol/drug effects
- Cytosol/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/pharmacology
- Kidney/cytology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/pharmacology
- Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism
- Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Proteins/pharmacology
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1
- Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone/drug effects
- Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pines
- Harvard-Thorndike and Charles A. Dana Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Schirrmacher K, Brümmer F, Düsing R, Bingmann D. Dye and electric coupling between osteoblast-like cells in culture. Calcif Tissue Int 1993; 53:53-60. [PMID: 7688649 DOI: 10.1007/bf01352015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Primary cultures of osteoblast-like cells (OB) derived from calvarial fragments of newborn rats and juvenile guinea pigs formed numerous gap junctions between neighboring cells in vitro. Intracellular injection of Lucifer yellow led to a staining of up to 30 adjacent cells. Parallel intracellular recordings showed that amplitudes of stimulated membrane potential changes (4-5 mV) were closely related between coupled cells. The coupling factor, which was derived from the ratio of these amplitudes, ranged between 0.1 and 0.8. The coupling factor (1) was not dependent on the membrane potential or the injected current strength; (2) strong acidosis (pH < 6.6) and hypercapnia (pCO2 > 80 mm Hg) did not affect electric or dye coupling; (3) elevation of intracellular cAMP level was ineffective; (4) rise of the extra- and intracellular Ca2+ concentration did not effect the electric coupling; (5) the anticonvulsant drugs carbamazepine and phenytoin impaired the coupling factor up to 59%. The findings show that cell-cell communication between OB via gap junctions proved stable under various conditions which, in other tissues, were found to reduce the coupling strength of gap junctions.
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