1
|
Shayya G, Benedetti C, Chagot L, Stachowicz ML, Chassande O, Catros S. Revolutionizing Dental Implant Research: A Systematic Review on Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2024. [PMID: 38587434 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental implants have been clinically used for almost five decades with high success rates. In vitro research models used in implant dentistry are limited to two-dimensional experiments, which are reproducible and well adapted to evaluate a single parameter but do not reproduce the complexity of clinical settings. On the contrary, the in vivo research models using animals offer similar histological and anatomical features to humans, and tissue healing can be close to a clinical situation, but those models are usually accompanied with ethical concerns, and their outcomes could not be extrapolated to humans because of interspecies variabilities. This makes the development of novel in vitro models that recapitulate physiological events occurring during dental implant placement of particular interest for current research in dentistry. Also, such models could be challenged by setting a pathological environment (peri-implantitis) to better understand the disease and eventually serve as a platform to evaluate novel treatment modalities. The aim of this systematic literature review was to cover all the in vitro three-dimensional (3D) complex models available for research in implant dentistry. To accomplish this, a comprehensive search of the literature present on Scopus and PubMed databases was done using specific keywords, as well as inclusion/exclusion criteria. Out of 1334 articles found, we have finally included 27 articles in this review with publication dates between 2001 and 2022. In those articles, the 3D models were designed to study tissue-implant interface behavior in bone or gingival tissue. The articles focused on simulating implant integration, evaluating the effect of different conditions on implant integration, or developing an infection model for the implant integration process. The methods used involved implant material and cells organized in a specific 3D structure. The 3D models developed were able to simulate the process of dental implant osseo- and soft tissue integration and lead to results comparable with conventional in vitro and in vivo models. A relatively limited number of articles were obtained, which indicates that this is an emerging field, highly dependent on progresses made in biotechnologies and tissue engineering, and that further investigation is needed to enhance these 3D in vitro models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghannaa Shayya
- Inserm BioTis, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Clémentine Benedetti
- Inserm BioTis, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lise Chagot
- Inserm BioTis, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Laure Stachowicz
- Inserm BioTis, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Chassande
- Inserm BioTis, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvain Catros
- Inserm BioTis, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ismail E, Mabrouk M, Salem ZA, AbuBakr N, Beherei H. Evaluation of innovative polyvinyl alcohol/ alginate/ green palladium nanoparticles composite scaffolds: Effect on differentiated human dental pulp stem cells into osteoblasts. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 140:105700. [PMID: 36801785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds are attracting great concern for bone tissue engineering applications. However, selecting an appropriate material with optimal physical, chemical, and mechanical properties is considered a great challenge. The green synthesis approach is essential to avoid the production of harmful by-products through textured construction, sustainable, and eco-friendly procedures. This work aimed at the implementation of natural green synthesized metallic nanoparticles for the development of composite scaffolds for dental applications. In this study, innovative hybrid scaffolds of polyvinyl alcohol/alginate (PVA/Alg) composite loaded with various concentrations of green palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) have been synthesized. Various characteristic analysis techniques were used to investigate the synthesized composite scaffold's properties. The SEM analysis revealed impressive microstructure of the synthesized scaffolds dependent on the Pd NPs concentration. The results confirmed the positive effect of Pd NPs doping on the sample stability over time. The synthesized scaffolds were characterized by the oriented lamellar porous structure. The results confirmed the shape stability, without pores breakdown during the drying process. The XRD analysis confirmed that doping with Pd NPs does not affect the crystallinity degree of the PVA/Alg hybrid scaffolds. The mechanical properties results (up to 50 MPa) confirmed the remarkable effect of Pd NPs doping and its concentration on the developed scaffolds. The MTT assay results showed that the incorporation of Pd NPs into the nanocomposite scaffolds is necessary for increasing cell viability. According to the SEM results, the scaffolds with Pd NPs provided the differentiated grown osteoblast cells with enough mechanical support and stability and the cells had a regular form and were highly dense. In conclusion, the synthesized composite scaffolds expressed suitable biodegradable, osteoconductive properties, and the ability to construct 3D structures for bone regeneration, making them a potential option for treating critical deficiencies of bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enas Ismail
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Parow, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Girl's Branch, Al Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics, and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33El Bohouthst, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Zeinab A Salem
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, P.O 11553, Egypt; Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Ahram Canadian University, 6 October City, P.O 12573, Egypt
| | - Nermeen AbuBakr
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, P.O 11553, Egypt; Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, P.O 11553, Egypt
| | - Hanan Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics, and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33El Bohouthst, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
3D osteogenic differentiation of human iPSCs reveals the role of TGFβ signal in the transition from progenitors to osteoblasts and osteoblasts to osteocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1094. [PMID: 36658197 PMCID: PMC9852429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the formation of bone-like nodules is regarded as the differentiation process from stem cells to osteogenic cells, including osteoblasts and osteocytes, the precise biological events during nodule formation are unknown. Here we performed the osteogenic induction of human induced pluripotent stem cells using a three-dimensional (3D) culture system using type I collagen gel and a rapid induction method with retinoic acid. Confocal and time-lapse imaging revealed the osteogenic differentiation was initiated with vigorous focal proliferation followed by aggregation, from which cells invaded the gel. Invading cells changed their morphology and expressed osteocyte marker genes, suggesting the transition from osteoblasts to osteocytes. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that 3D culture-induced cells with features of periosteal skeletal stem cells, some of which expressed TGFβ-regulated osteoblast-related molecules. The role of TGFβ signal was further analyzed in the transition from osteoblasts to osteocytes, which revealed that modulation of the TGFβ signal changed the morphology and motility of cells isolated from the 3D culture, suggesting that the TGFβ signal maintains the osteoblastic phenotype and the transition into osteocytes requires down-regulation of the TGFβ signal.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cho E, Che X, Ang MJ, Cheon S, Lee J, Kim KS, Lee CH, Lee SY, Yang HY, Moon C, Park C, Choi JY, Lee TH. Peroxiredoxin 5 regulates osteogenic differentiation through interaction with hnRNPK during bone regeneration. eLife 2023; 12:80122. [PMID: 36735291 PMCID: PMC9897727 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) is involved in pathophysiological regulation via the stress-induced cellular response. However, its function in the bone remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Prdx5 is involved in osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, resulting in osteoporotic phenotypes in Prdx5 knockout (Prdx5Ko) male mice. To investigate the function of Prdx5 in the bone, osteoblasts were analyzed through immunoprecipitation (IP) and liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods, while osteoclasts were analyzed through RNA-sequencing. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) was identified as a potential binding partner of Prdx5 during osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Prdx5 acts as a negative regulator of hnRNPK-mediated osteocalcin (Bglap) expression. In addition, transcriptomic analysis revealed that in vitro differentiated osteoclasts from the bone marrow-derived macrophages of Prdx5Ko mice showed enhanced expression of several osteoclast-related genes. These findings indicate that Prdx5 might contribute to the maintenance of bone homeostasis by regulating osteoblast differentiation. This study proposes a new function of Prdx5 in bone remodeling that may be used in developing therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Cho
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Korea Mouse Phenotype Center (KMPC), Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Diseases Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Mary Jasmin Ang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los BañosLos BañosPhilippines
| | - Seongmin Cheon
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea,Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jinkyung Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Korea Mouse Phenotype Center (KMPC), Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Therapeutic & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science InstituteOchangRepublic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Yang
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation FoundationDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Diseases Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Korea Mouse Phenotype Center (KMPC), Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Villatte G, Erivan R, Descamps S, Arque P, Boisgard S, Wittrant Y. In vitro osteoblast activity is decreased by residues of chemicals used in the cleaning and viral inactivation process of bone allografts. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275480. [PMID: 36215295 PMCID: PMC9550034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Allograft bone tissue has a long history of use. There are two main ways of preserving allografts: by cold (freezing), or at room temperature after an additional cleaning treatment using chemicals. These chemicals are considered potentially harmful to humans. The aim of the study was (i) to assess the presence of chemical residues on processed bone allografts and (ii) to compare the in vitro biocompatibility of such allografts with that of frozen allografts. The presence of chemical residues on industrially chemically treated bone was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after extraction. Biocompatibility analysis was performed on primary osteoblast cultures from Wistar rats grown on bone disks, either frozen (F-bone group) or treated with supercritical carbon dioxide with no added chemical (scCO2-bone group) or industrially treated with chemicals (CT-bone group). Cell viability (XTT) was measured after one week of culture. Osteoblastic differentiation was assessed after 1, 7 and 14 days of culture by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity directly on the bone discs and indirectly on the cell mat in the vicinity of the bone discs. Residues of all the chemicals used were found in the CT-bone group. There was no significant difference in cell viability between the three bone groups. Direct and indirect ALP activities were significantly lower (-40% to -80%) in the CT-bone group after 7 and 14 days of culture (p < 0.05). Residues of chemical substances used in the cleaning of bone allografts cause an in vitro decrease in their biocompatibility. Tissue cleaning processes must be developed that limit or replace these chemicals to favor biocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Villatte
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Clermont–Ferrand, France
- Departement of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHU Montpied Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Roger Erivan
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Clermont–Ferrand, France
- Departement of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHU Montpied Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphane Descamps
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Clermont–Ferrand, France
- Departement of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHU Montpied Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Arque
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphane Boisgard
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Clermont–Ferrand, France
- Departement of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHU Montpied Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- INRAE, Clermont Auvergne University, UMR 1019 Human Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Human Primary Odontoblast-like Cell Cultures—A Focused Review Regarding Cell Characterization. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185296. [PMID: 36142943 PMCID: PMC9501234 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures can provide useful in vitro models. Since odontoblasts are postmitotic cells, they cannot be expanded in cell cultures. Due to their extension into the dentin, injuries are inevitable during isolation. Therefore, “odontoblast-like” cell culture models have been established. Nowadays, there is no accepted definition of odontoblast-like cell cultures, i.e., isolation, induction, and characterization of cells are not standardized. Furthermore, no quality-control procedures are defined yet. Thus, the aim of this review was to evaluate both the methods used for establishment of cell cultures and the validity of molecular methods used for their characterization. An electronic search was performed in February 2022 using the Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science database identifying publications that used human primary odontoblast-like cell cultures as models and were published between 2016 and 2022. Data related to (I) cell culture conditions, (II) stem cell screening, (III) induction media, (IV) mineralization, and (V) cell characterization were analyzed. The included publications were not able to confirm an odontoblast-like nature of their cell cultures. For their characterization, not only a similarity to dentin but also a distinction from bone must be demonstrated. This is challenging, due to the developmental and evolutionary proximity of these two tissue types.
Collapse
|
7
|
Noh JY, Lee IP, Han NR, Kim M, Min YK, Lee SY, Yun SH, Kim SI, Park T, Chung H, Park D, Lee CH. Additive Effect of CD73 Inhibitor in Colorectal Cancer Treatment With CDK4/6 Inhibitor Through Regulation of PD-L1. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:769-788. [PMID: 35843546 PMCID: PMC9424593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although cancer immunotherapies are effective for advanced-stage cancers, there are no clinically approved immunotherapies for colon cancers (CRCs). Therefore, there is a high demand for the development of novel therapies. Extracellular adenosine-mediated signaling is considered a promising target for advanced-stage cancers that are nonresponsive to programmed death 1 (PD-1)-/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-targeted immunotherapies. In this study, we aimed to elucidate novel tumorigenic mechanisms of extracellular adenosine. METHODS To investigate the effects of extracellular adenosine on tumor-associated macrophages, peripheral blood-derived human macrophages were treated with adenosine and analyzed using flow cytometry and Western blot. Changes in adenosine-treated macrophages were further assessed using multi-omics analysis, including total RNA sequencing and proteomics. Colon cancer mouse models were used to measure the therapeutic efficacy of AB680 and palbociclib. We also used tissue microarrays of patients with CRC, to evaluate their clinical relevance. RESULTS Extracellular adenosine-mediated reduction of cyclin D1 (CCND1) was found to be critical for the regulation of immune checkpoint molecules and PD-L1 levels in human macrophages, indicating that post-translational modification of PD-L1 is affected by adenosine. A potent CD73 selective inhibitor, AB680, reversed the effects of adenosine on CCND1 and PD-L1. This result strongly suggests that AB680 is a combinatory therapeutic option to overcome the undesired side effects of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, which increases PD-L1 expression in tumors. Because palbociclib is undergoing clinical trials for metastatic CRC in combination with cetuximab (clinical trial number: NCT03446157), we validated that the combination of AB680 and palbociclib significantly improved anti-tumor efficacy in CRC animal models, thereby highlighting it as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy. We further assessed whether the level of CCND1 in tumor-associated macrophages was indeed reduced in tumor sections obtained from patients with CRC, for evaluating the clinical relevance of this strategy. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that a novel combination therapy of AB680 and palbociclib may be advantageous for the treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Noh
- Aging convergence research center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Pyo Lee
- R&D Center, SCBIO Co, Ltd, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Rae Han
- R&D Center, SCBIO Co, Ltd, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Miok Kim
- R&D Center, SCBIO Co, Ltd, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- R&D Center, SCBIO Co, Ltd, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yun
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Tamina Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyunmin Chung
- Aging convergence research center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea,College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, Korea,Dr Daeui Park, Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Korea. tel: +82-42-610-8251.
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- R&D Center, SCBIO Co, Ltd, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Dr Chang Hoon Lee, Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea. tel: +82-42-860-7414.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Quantification of cell contractile behavior based on non-destructive macroscopic measurement of tension forces on bioprinted hydrogel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 134:105365. [PMID: 35863297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Contraction assay based on surface measurement have been widely used to evaluate cell contractility in 3D models. This method is straightforward and requires no specific equipment, but it does not provide quantitative data about contraction forces generated by cells. We expanded this method with a new biomechanical model, based on the work-energy theorem, to provide non-destructive longitudinal monitoring of contraction forces generated by cells in 3D. We applied this method on hydrogels seeded with either fibroblasts or osteoblasts. Hydrogel mechanical characteristics were modulated to enhance (condition HCAHigh: hydrogel contraction assay high contraction) or limit (condition HCALow: hydrogel contraction assay low contraction) cell contractile behaviors. Macroscopic measures were further correlated with cell contractile behavior and descriptive analysis of their physiology in response to different mechanical environments. Fibroblasts and osteoblasts contracted their matrix up to 47% and 77% respectively. Contraction stress peaked at day 5 with 1.1 10-14 Pa for fibroblasts and 3.5 10-14 Pa for osteoblasts, which correlated with cell attachment and spreading. Negligible contraction was seen in HCALow. Both fibroblasts and osteoblasts expressed α-SMA contractile fibers in HCAHigh and HCALow. Failure to contract HCALow was attributed to increased cross-linking and resistance to proteolytic degradation of the hydrogel.
Collapse
|
9
|
Granel H, Bossard C, Collignon AM, Wauquier F, Lesieur J, Rochefort GY, Jallot E, Lao J, Wittrant Y. Osteogenic Effect of Fisetin Doping in Bioactive Glass/Poly(caprolactone) Hybrid Scaffolds. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22279-22290. [PMID: 35811886 PMCID: PMC9260777 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Treating large bone defects or fragile patients may require enhancing the bone regeneration rate to overcome a weak contribution from the body. This work investigates the osteogenic potential of nutrient fisetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, as a doping agent inside the structure of a SiO2-CaO bioactive glass-poly(caprolactone) (BG-PCL) hybrid scaffold. Embedded in the full mass of the BG-PCL hybrid during one-pot synthesis, we demonstrate fisetin to be delivered sustainably; the release follows a first-order kinetics with active fisetin concentration being delivered for more than 1 month (36 days). The biological effect of BG-PCL-fisetin-doped scaffolds (BG-PCL-Fis) has been highlighted by in vitro and in vivo studies. A positive impact is demonstrated on the adhesion and the differentiation of rat primary osteoblasts, without an adverse cytotoxic effect. Implantation in critical-size mouse calvaria defects shows bone remodeling characteristics and remarkable enhancement of bone regeneration for fisetin-doped scaffolds, with the regenerated bone volume being twofold that of nondoped scaffolds and fourfold that of a commercial trabecular bovine bone substitute. Such highly bioactive materials could stand as competitive alternative strategies involving biomaterials loaded with growth factors, the use of the latter being the subject of growing concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henri Granel
- INRAE,
Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), ECREIN Team, TSA 50400, 28 Place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes 63001, France
| | - Cédric Bossard
- Université
Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire De Physique De Clermont Ferrand, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes 63001, France
| | - Anne-Margaux Collignon
- Descartes
University of Paris Faculty of Dental Surgery, Laboratoires Pathologies,
Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales,1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, Montrouge, Île-De-France 92120, France
| | - Fabien Wauquier
- INRAE,
Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), ECREIN Team, TSA 50400, 28 Place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes 63001, France
| | - Julie Lesieur
- Descartes
University of Paris Faculty of Dental Surgery, Laboratoires Pathologies,
Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales,1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, Montrouge, Île-De-France 92120, France
| | - Gael Y. Rochefort
- Descartes
University of Paris Faculty of Dental Surgery, Laboratoires Pathologies,
Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales,1 Rue Maurice Arnoux, Montrouge, Île-De-France 92120, France
| | - Edouard Jallot
- Université
Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire De Physique De Clermont Ferrand, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes 63001, France
| | - Jonathan Lao
- Université
Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire De Physique De Clermont Ferrand, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes 63001, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- INRAE,
Human Nutrition Unit (UNH), ECREIN Team, TSA 50400, 28 Place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes 63001, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luchman NA, Megat Abdul Wahab R, Zainal Ariffin SH, Nasruddin NS, Lau SF, Yazid F. Comparison between hydroxyapatite and polycaprolactone in inducing osteogenic differentiation and augmenting maxillary bone regeneration in rats. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13356. [PMID: 35529494 PMCID: PMC9070322 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The selection of appropriate scaffold plays an important role in ensuring the success of bone regeneration. The use of scaffolds with different materials and their effect on the osteogenic performance of cells is not well studied and this can affect the selection of suitable scaffolds for transplantation. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the comparative ability of two different synthetic scaffolds, mainly hydroxyapatite (HA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds in promoting in vitro and in vivo bone regeneration. Method In vitro cell viability, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 cells on HA and PCL scaffolds were determined in comparison to the accepted model outlined for two-dimensional systems. An in vivo study involving the transplantation of MC3T3-E1 cells with scaffolds into an artificial bone defect of 4 mm length and 1.5 mm depth in the rat's left maxilla was conducted. Three-dimensional analysis using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and immunohistochemistry analyses evaluation were performed after six weeks of transplantation. Results MC3T3-E1 cells on the HA scaffold showed the highest cell viability. The cell viability on both scaffolds decreased after 14 days of culture, which reflects the dominant occurrence of osteoblast differentiation. An early sign of osteoblast differentiation can be detected on the PCL scaffold. However, cells on the HA scaffold showed more prominent results with intense mineralized nodules and significantly (p < 0.05) high levels of ALP activity with prolonged osteoblast induction. Micro-CT and H&E analyses confirmed the in vitro results with bone formation were significantly (p < 0.05) greater in HA scaffold and was supported by IHC analysis which confirmed stronger expression of osteogenic markers ALP and osteocalcin. Conclusion Different scaffold materials of HA and PCL might have influenced the bone regeneration ability of MC3T3-E1. Regardless, in vitro and in vivo bone regeneration was better in the HA scaffold which indicates its great potential for application in bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Atmaliya Luchman
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurrul Shaqinah Nasruddin
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostic and Bioscience, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seng Fong Lau
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farinawati Yazid
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nam HK, Emmanouil E, Hatch NE. Deletion of the Pyrophosphate Generating Enzyme ENPP1 Rescues Craniofacial Abnormalities in the TNAP−/− Mouse Model of Hypophosphatasia and Reveals FGF23 as a Marker of Phenotype Severity. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022; 3. [PMID: 35909501 PMCID: PMC9336114 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.846962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypophosphatasia is a rare heritable metabolic disorder caused by deficient Tissue Non-specific Alkaline Phosphatase (TNAP) enzyme activity. A principal function of TNAP is to hydrolyze the tissue mineralization inhibitor pyrophosphate. ENPP1 (Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1) is a primary enzymatic generator of pyrophosphate and prior results showed that elimination of ENPP1 rescued bone hypomineralization of skull, vertebral and long bones to different extents in TNAP null mice. Current TNAP enzyme replacement therapy alleviates skeletal, motor and cognitive defects but does not eliminate craniosynostosis in pediatric hypophosphatasia patients. To further understand mechanisms underlying craniosynostosis development in hypophosphatasia, here we sought to determine if craniofacial abnormalities including craniosynostosis and skull shape defects would be alleviated in TNAP null mice by genetic ablation of ENPP1. Results show that homozygous deletion of ENPP1 significantly diminishes the incidence of craniosynostosis and that skull shape abnormalities are rescued by hemi- or homozygous deletion of ENPP1 in TNAP null mice. Skull and long bone hypomineralization were also alleviated in TNAP−/−/ENPP1−/− compared to TNAP−/−/ENPP1+/+ mice, though loss of ENPP1 in combination with TNAP had different effects than loss of only TNAP on long bone trabeculae. Investigation of a relatively large cohort of mice revealed that the skeletal phenotypes of TNAP null mice were markedly variable. Because FGF23 circulating levels are known to be increased in ENPP1 null mice and because FGF23 influences bone, we measured serum intact FGF23 levels in the TNAP null mice and found that a subset of TNAP−/−/ENPP1+/+ mice exhibited markedly high serum FGF23. Serum FGF23 levels also correlated to mouse body measurements, the incidence of craniosynostosis, skull shape abnormalities and skull bone density and volume fraction. Together, our results demonstrate that balanced expression of TNAP and ENPP1 enzymes are essential for microstructure and mineralization of both skull and long bones, and for preventing craniosynostosis. The results also show that FGF23 rises in the TNAP−/− model of murine lethal hypophosphatasia. Future studies are required to determine if the rise in FGF23 is a cause, consequence, or marker of disease phenotype severity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Meng L, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Gong T. The impact of leuprolide acetate-loaded calcium phosphate silicate cement to bone regeneration under osteoporotic conditions. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34082402 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac07c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is detrimental to the health of skeletal structure and significantly increases the risks of bone fracture. Moreover, bone regeneration is adversely impaired by increased osteoclastic activities as a result of osteoporosis. In this study, we developed a novel formulation of injectable bone cement based on calcium phosphate silicate cement (CPSC) and leuprolide acetate (LA). Several combinations of LA-CPSC bone cement were characterized and, it is found that LA could increase the setting time and compressive strength of CPSC in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, thein vitroresults revealed that LA-CPSC was biocompatible and able to encourage the osteoblast proliferation via the mTOR signalling pathway. Furthermore, the LA-CPSC was implanted in the osteoporotic rats to evaluate its effectiveness to repair bone fractures under the osteoporotic conditions. The biomarker study and micro-CT analyses indicated that LA-CPSC could effectively reduce the osteoclast activities and promote the bone regeneration. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that LA-CPSC injectable bone cement should be a viable solution to repair bone fractures under the osteoporotic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Meng
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajin Li
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingshu Zhang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubiao Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Chen
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Dr Yadong Chen contributes equally as the corresponding author of this article
| | - Tianxing Gong
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu T, Li Z, Chen Y, Liu Q, Zhang J, Yu K, Wang Y, Wang Z, Gong T. PDMS-enhanced slowly degradable Ca-P-Si scaffold: Material characterization, fabrication and in vitro biocompatibility study. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2021; 19:22808000211023261. [PMID: 34102914 DOI: 10.1177/22808000211023261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A slowly degradable bone scaffold can well maintain the balance between new bone regeneration and scaffold resorption, esp. for seniors or patients suffering from pathological diseases, because too fast degradation can lead to the loss of long-term biological stability and result in scaffold failure. In this present study, calcium phosphate silicate (CPS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were blended in different ratios to formulate slurries for scaffold fabrication. The effects of crosslinked PDMS on the CPS material properties were first characterized and the most viable formulation of CPS-PDMS slurry was determined based on the aforementioned results to 3D fabricate scaffolds. The biocompatibility of CPS-PDMS was further evaluated based on the scaffold extract's cytotoxicity to osteoblast cells. Furthermore, real-time PCR was used to investigate the effects of scaffold extract to increase osteoblast proliferation. It is showed that the crosslinked PDMS interfered with CPS hydration and reduced both setting rate and compressive strength of CPS. In addition, CPS porosity was also found to increase with PDMS due to uneven water distribution as a result of increased hydrophobicity. Degradation and mineralization studies show that CPS-PDMS scaffold was slowly degradable and induced apatite formation. In addition, the in vitro analyses show that the CPS-PDMS scaffold did not exert any cytotoxic effect on osteoblast cells but could improve the cell proliferation via the TGFβ/BMP signaling pathway. In conclusion, CPS-PDMS scaffold is proved to be slowly degradable and biocompatible. Further analyses are therefore needed to demonstrate CPS-PDMS scaffold applications in bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhanpeng Li
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingshu Zhang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianxing Gong
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou J, Kamali K, Lafreniere JD, Lehmann C. Real-Time Imaging of Immune Modulation by Cannabinoids Using Intravital Fluorescence Microscopy. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2021; 6:221-232. [PMID: 34042507 PMCID: PMC8266559 DOI: 10.1089/can.2020.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an endogenous regulatory system involved in a wide range of physiologic and disease processes. Study of ECS regulation provides novel drug targets for disease treatment. Intravital microscopy (IVM), a microscopy-based imaging method that allows the observation of cells and cell-cell interactions within various tissues and organs in vivo, has been utilized to study tissues and cells in their physiologic microenvironment. This article reviews the current state of the IVM techniques used in ECS-related inflammation research. Methodological Aspects of IVM: IVM with focus on conventional fluorescent microscope has been introduced in investigation of microcirculatory function and the behavior of individual circulating cells in an in vivo environment. Experimental setting, tissue protection under physiologic condition, and microscopical observation are described. Application of IVM in Experimental Inflammatory Disorders: Using IVM to investigate the effects of immune modulation by cannabinoids is extensively reviewed. The inflammatory disorders include sepsis, arthritis, diabetes, interstitial cystitis, and inflammatory conditions in the central nervous system and eyes. Conclusion: IVM is a critical tool in cannabinoid and immunology research. It has been applied to investigate the role of the ECS in physiologic and disease processes. This review demonstrates that the IVM technique provides a unique means in understanding ECS regulation on immune responses in diseases under their physical conditions, which could not be achieved by other methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Kiyana Kamali
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Staphylococcus aureus Internalization in Osteoblast Cells: Mechanisms, Interactions and Biochemical Processes. What Did We Learn from Experimental Models? Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020239. [PMID: 33669789 PMCID: PMC7922271 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial internalization is a strategy that non-intracellular microorganisms use to escape the host immune system and survive inside the human body. Among bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus showed the ability to interact with and infect osteoblasts, causing osteomyelitis as well as bone and joint infection, while also becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotic therapy and a reservoir of bacteria that can make the infection difficult to cure. Despite being a serious issue in orthopedic surgery, little is known about the mechanisms that allow bacteria to enter and survive inside the osteoblasts, due to the lack of consistent experimental models. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about S. aureus internalization mechanisms and various aspects of the interaction between bacteria and osteoblasts (e.g., best experimental conditions, bacteria-induced damages and immune system response), focusing on studies performed using the MG-63 osteoblastic cell line, the best traditional (2D) model for the study of this phenomenon to date. At the same time, as it has been widely demonstrated that 2D culture systems are not completely indicative of the dynamic environment in vivo, and more recent 3D models—representative of bone infection—have also been investigated.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Z, Nam HK, Crouch S, Hatch NE. Tissue Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase Function in Bone and Muscle Progenitor Cells: Control of Mitochondrial Respiration and ATP Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031140. [PMID: 33498907 PMCID: PMC7865776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP/Alpl) is associated with cell stemness; however, the function of TNAP in mesenchymal progenitor cells remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to establish an essential role for TNAP in bone and muscle progenitor cells. We investigated the impact of TNAP deficiency on bone formation, mineralization, and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. We also pursued studies of proliferation, mitochondrial function and ATP levels in TNAP deficient bone and muscle progenitor cells. We find that TNAP deficiency decreases trabecular bone volume fraction and trabeculation in addition to decreased mineralization. We also find that Alpl−/− mice (global TNAP knockout mice) exhibit muscle and motor coordination deficiencies similar to those found in individuals with hypophosphatasia (TNAP deficiency). Subsequent studies demonstrate diminished proliferation, with mitochondrial hyperfunction and increased ATP levels in TNAP deficient bone and muscle progenitor cells, plus intracellular expression of TNAP in TNAP+ cranial osteoprogenitors, bone marrow stromal cells, and skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Together, our results indicate that TNAP functions inside bone and muscle progenitor cells to influence mitochondrial respiration and ATP production. Future studies are required to establish mechanisms by which TNAP influences mitochondrial function and determine if modulation of TNAP can alter mitochondrial respiration in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA;
| | - Hwa Kyung Nam
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, 1011 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA; (H.K.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Spencer Crouch
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, 1011 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA; (H.K.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Nan E. Hatch
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, 1011 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA; (H.K.N.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-764-6567
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Doolittle ML, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Jonason JH. Isolation and Culture of Neonatal Mouse Calvarial Osteoblasts. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2230:425-436. [PMID: 33197030 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1028-2_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This chapter describes the isolation and culture of neonatal mouse calvarial osteoblasts. This primary cell population is obtained by sequential enzymatic digestion of the calvarial bone matrix and is capable of differentiating in vitro into mature osteoblasts that deposit a collagen extracellular matrix and form mineralized bone nodules. Maturation of the cultures can be monitored by gene expression analyses and staining for the presence of alkaline phosphatase or matrix mineralization. This culture system, therefore, provides a powerful model in which to test how various experimental conditions, such as the manipulation of gene expression, may affect osteoblast maturation and/or function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison L Doolittle
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Cheryl L Ackert-Bicknell
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer H Jonason
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
N-[2-(4-Acetyl-1-Piperazinyl)Phenyl]-2-(3-Methylphenoxy)Acetamide (NAPMA) Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation and Protects against Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204855. [PMID: 33096734 PMCID: PMC7587973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption and are induced in response to the regulatory activity of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL). Excessive osteoclast activity causes pathological bone loss and destruction. Many studies have investigated molecules that specifically inhibit osteoclast activity by blocking RANKL signaling or bone resorption. In recent years, we screened compounds from commercial libraries to identify molecules capable of inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Consequently, we reported some compounds that are effective at attenuating osteoclast activity. In this study, we found that N-[2-(4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-2-(3-methylphenoxy)acetamide (NAPMA) significantly inhibited the formation of multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells from bone marrow-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, without cytotoxic effects. NAPMA downregulated the expression of osteoclast-specific markers, such as c-Fos, NFATc1, DC-STAMP, cathepsin K, and MMP-9, at the transcript and protein levels. Accordingly, bone resorption and actin ring formation were decreased in response to NAPMA treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrated the protective effect of NAPMA against ovariectomy-induced bone loss using micro-CT and histological analysis. Collectively, the results showed that NAPMA inhibited osteoclast differentiation and attenuated bone resorption. It is thus a potential drug candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases associated with excessive bone resorption.
Collapse
|
19
|
Genetic background dependent modifiers of craniosynostosis severity. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107629. [PMID: 32976998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Craniosynostosis severity varies in patients with identical genetic mutations. To understand causes of this phenotypic variation, we backcrossed the FGFR2+/C342Y mouse model of Crouzon syndrome onto congenic C57BL/6 and BALB/c backgrounds. Coronal suture fusion was observed in C57BL/6 (88% incidence, p < .001 between genotypes) but not in BALB/c FGFR2+/C342Y mutant mice at 3 weeks after birth, establishing that that the two models differ in phenotype severity. To begin identifying pre-existing modifiers of craniosynostosis severity, we compared transcriptome signatures of cranial tissues from C57BL/6 vs. BALB/c FGFR2+/+ mice. We separately analyzed frontal bone with coronal suture tissue from parietal bone with sagittal suture tissues because the coronal suture but not the sagittal suture fuses in FGFR2+/C342Y mice. The craniosynostosis associated Twist and En1 transcription factors were down-regulated, while Runx2 was up-regulated, in C57BL/6 compared to BALB/c tissues, which could predispose to craniosynostosis. Transcriptome analyses under the GO term MAPK cascade revealed that genes associated with calcium ion channels, angiogenesis, protein quality control and cell stress response were central to transcriptome differences associated with genetic background. FGFR2 and HSPA2 protein levels plus ERK1/2 activity were higher in cells isolated from C57BL/6 than BALB/c cranial tissues. Notably, the HSPA2 protein chaperone is central to craniofacial genetic epistasis, and we find that FGFR2 protein is abnormally processed in primary cells from FGFR2+/C342Y but not FGFR2+/+ mice. Therefore, we propose that differences in protein quality control responses may contribute to genetic background influences on craniosynostosis phenotype severity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Alvandi Z, Al-Mansoori LJR, Opas M. Calreticulin regulates Src kinase in osteogenic differentiation from embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2020; 48:101972. [PMID: 32916637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin, the major Ca2+ buffer of the endoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in the choice of fate by embryonic stem cells. Using the embryoid body method of organogenesis, we showed impaired osteogenesis in crt-/- cells vis-à-vis calreticulin-containing osteogenic WT cells. In the non-osteogenic crt-/- cells, c-Src- a non-receptor tyrosine kinase- was activated and its inhibition rescued osteogenesis. Most importantly, we demonstrated that calreticulin-containing cells had lower c-Src kinase activity, and this was accomplished via the Ca2+-homeostatic function of calreticulin. Specifically, lowering cytosolic [Ca2+] in calreticulin-containing osteogenic WT cells with BAPTA-AM, activated c-Src and impaired osteogenic differentiation. Conversely, increasing cytosolic [Ca2+] in crt-/- cells with ionomycin deactivated c-Src kinase and restored osteogenesis. The immediate effector of calreticulin, the Ser/Thr phosphatase calcineurin, was less active in crt-/- cells, however, its activity was rescued upon inhibition of c-Src activity by small molecule inhibitors. Finally, we showed that higher activity of calcineurin correlated with increased level of nuclear Runx2, a transcription factor that is the master regulator of osteogenesis. Collectively, our work has identified a novel pathway involving calreticulin regulated Ca2+ signalling via c-Src in osteogenic differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alvandi
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada.
| | - Layla J R Al-Mansoori
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Michal Opas
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pilquil C, Alvandi Z, Opas M. Calreticulin regulates a switch between osteoblast and chondrocyte lineages derived from murine embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6861-6875. [PMID: 32220932 PMCID: PMC7242707 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin is a highly conserved, ubiquitous Ca2+-buffering protein in the endoplasmic reticulum that controls transcriptional activity of various developmental programs and also of embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. Calreticulin activates calcineurin, which dephosphorylates and induces the nuclear import of the osteogenic transcription regulator nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATC1). We investigated whether calreticulin controls a switch between osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in mouse ESCs through NFATC1. We found that in the absence of calreticulin, intranuclear transport of NFATC1 is blocked and that differentiation switches from osteogenic to chondrogenic, a process that could be mimicked by chemical inhibition of NFAT translocation. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) deactivation and nuclear localization of β-catenin critical to osteogenesis were abrogated by calreticulin deficiency or NFAT blockade. Chemically induced GSK3β inhibition bypassed the calreticulin/calcineurin axis and increased osteoblast output from both control and calreticulin-deficient ESCs, while suppressing chondrogenesis. Calreticulin-deficient ESCs or cells treated with an NFAT blocker had enhanced expression of dickkopf WNT-signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (Dkk1), a canonical Wnt pathway antagonist that blocks GSK3β deactivation. The addition of recombinant mDKK1 switched osteogenic ESC differentiation toward chondrogenic differentiation. The results of our study indicate a role for endoplasmic reticulum calcium signaling via calreticulin in the differentiation of ESCs to closely associated osteoblast or chondrocyte lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pilquil
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zahra Alvandi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michal Opas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The matrix vesicle cargo miR-125b accumulates in the bone matrix, inhibiting bone resorption in mice. Commun Biol 2020; 3:30. [PMID: 31949279 PMCID: PMC6965124 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts plays a key role in bone metabolism. We describe here an unexpected role for matrix vesicles (MVs), which bud from bone-forming osteoblasts and have a well-established role in initiation of bone mineralization, in osteoclastogenesis. We show that the MV cargo miR-125b accumulates in the bone matrix, with increased accumulation in transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing miR-125b in osteoblasts. Bone formation and osteoblasts in Tg mice are normal, but the number of bone-resorbing osteoclasts is reduced, leading to higher trabecular bone mass. miR-125b in the bone matrix targets and degrades Prdm1, a transcriptional repressor of anti-osteoclastogenic factors, in osteoclast precursors. Overexpressing miR-125b in osteoblasts abrogates bone loss in different mouse models. Our results show that the MV cargo miR-125b is a regulatory element of osteoblast-osteoclast communication, and that bone matrix provides extracellular storage of miR-125b that is functionally active in bone resorption.
Collapse
|
23
|
Luetchford KA, Chaudhuri JB, De Bank PA. Silk fibroin/gelatin microcarriers as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 106:110116. [PMID: 31753329 PMCID: PMC6891254 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microcarrier cell scaffolds have potential as injectable cell delivery vehicles or as building blocks for tissue engineering. The use of small cell carriers allows for a 'bottom up' approach to tissue assembly when moulding microparticles into larger structures, which can facilitate the introduction of hierarchy by layering different matrices and cell types, while evenly distributing cells through the structure. In this work, silk fibroin (SF), purified from Bombyx mori cocoons, was blended with gelatin (G) to produce materials composed of varying ratios of the two components (SF: G 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25). Cell compatibility to these materials was first confirmed in two-dimensional culture and found to be equivalent to standard tissue culture plastic, and better than SF or G alone. The mechanical properties of the blends were investigated and the blended materials were found to have increased Young's moduli over SF alone. Microcarriers of SF/G blends with defined diameters were generated in a reproducible manner through the use of an axisymmetric flow focussing device, constructed from off-the-shelf parts and fittings. These SF/G microcarriers supported adhesion of rat mesenchymal stem cells with high degrees of efficiency under dynamic culture conditions and, after culturing in osteogenic differentiation medium, cells were shown to have characteristics typical of osteoblasts. This work illustrates that microcarriers composed of SF/G blends are promising building blocks for osteogenic tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Luetchford
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Julian B Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Paul A De Bank
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang L, Liu S, Fang W, Chen J, Chen Y. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-bioactive glass composites as nanoporous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: In vitro and in vivo studies. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4874-4880. [PMID: 31798710 PMCID: PMC6880429 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of using composite scaffolds of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and bioactive glass (BG) to repair bone defects. PLGA/BG composite scaffolds were prepared by thermally-induced phase separation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology, and liquid (absolute ethanol) replacement was used to calculate the porosity of the scaffold. The biocompatibility and degradation of the scaffold were determined using human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 and animal experiments. SEM showed that the scaffold had a nanofibrous three-dimensional network structure with a fiber diameter of 160-320 nm, a pore size of 1-7 µm, and a porosity of 93.048±0.121%. The scaffold structure was conducive to cell adhesion and proliferation. It promoted cell osteogenesis and could be stably degraded in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Granel H, Bossard C, Collignon AM, Wauquier F, Lesieur J, Rochefort GY, Jallot E, Lao J, Wittrant Y. Bioactive Glass/Polycaprolactone Hybrid with a Dual Cortical/Trabecular Structure for Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3473-3483. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henri Granel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, INRA Research Center, Theix 63122, France
| | - Cédric Bossard
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont-Ferrand, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, Aubiere 80026−63177, France
| | - Anne-Margaux Collignon
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Paris Descartes, EA2496, Laboratoires Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, Montrouge 92120, France
| | - Fabien Wauquier
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, INRA Research Center, Theix 63122, France
| | - Julie Lesieur
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Paris Descartes, EA2496, Laboratoires Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, Montrouge 92120, France
| | - Gael Y Rochefort
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Paris Descartes, EA2496, Laboratoires Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, Montrouge 92120, France
| | - Edouard Jallot
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont-Ferrand, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, Aubiere 80026−63177, France
| | - Jonathan Lao
- Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont-Ferrand, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, Aubiere 80026−63177, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, INRA Research Center, Theix 63122, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang J, Liu S, Li J, Zhao S, Yi Z. Roles for miRNAs in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:197. [PMID: 31253175 PMCID: PMC6599379 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which were first discovered in bone marrow, are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, fat cells, and even myoblasts, and are considered multipotent cells. As a result of their potential for multipotential differentiation, self-renewal, immune regulation, and other effects, BMSCs have become an important source of seed cells for gene therapy, tissue engineering, cell replacement therapy, and regenerative medicine. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a highly conserved type of endogenous non-protein-encoding RNA of about 19-25 nucleotides in length, whose transcription process is independent of other genes. Generally, miRNA plays roles in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and development by binding to the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs, whereby they can degrade or induce translational silencing. Although miRNAs play a regulatory role in various metabolic processes, they are not translated into proteins. Several studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Herein, we describe in-depth studies of roles for miRNAs during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as they provide new theoretical and experimental rationales for bone tissue engineering and clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 Youyi West Road, Beilin, Xi'an, 710068, China.,Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Shizhang Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 Youyi West Road, Beilin, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Jingyuan Li
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 Youyi West Road, Beilin, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 Youyi West Road, Beilin, Xi'an, 710068, China.,Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Zhi Yi
- Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 Youyi West Road, Beilin, Xi'an, 710068, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Takahashi Y, Mayahara K, Fushiki R, Matsuike R, Shimizu N. Effect of mechanical strain-induced PGE 2 production on bone nodule formation by rat calvarial progenitor cells. J Oral Sci 2019; 61:25-29. [PMID: 30713263 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.18-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
High-magnitude mechanical strain inhibits bone nodule formation by reducing expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and muscle segment homeobox 2 (Msx2). Mechanical strain also induces production of proinflammatory factor prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by osteoblasts. We measured the effect of mechanical strain-induced PGE2 production on bone nodule formation and expression levels of bone formation-related factors. Osteoblast-like cells isolated from fetal rat calvariae were loaded with 18% cyclic tension force (TF) for 48 h in the presence or absence of NS-398, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2. To investigate the effect of TF-induced PGE2 on bone formation, bone nodule area on day 21 was measured by von Kossa staining. BMP-2, Runx2, and Msx2 expression levels were examined at 1 day after TF loading. Bone nodule formation was significantly inhibited by TF but was restored to control level by PGE2 inhibition. Furthermore, TF loading-induced reductions in expressions of these factors were restored to control level by PGE2 suppression. These results indicate that PGE2 production induced by high-magnitude mechanical strain inhibits bone nodule formation by reducing expression levels of bone formation-related factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kotoe Mayahara
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Rena Fushiki
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Noriyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry.,Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Effect of Fluoride Doping in Laponite Nanoplatelets on Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Follicle Stem Cells (hDFSCs). Sci Rep 2019; 9:915. [PMID: 30696860 PMCID: PMC6351553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive nanosilicates are emerging prominent next generation biomaterials due to their intrinsic functional properties such as advanced biochemical and biophysical cues. Recent studies show interesting dose-dependent effect of fluoride ions on the stem cells. Despite of interesting properties of fluoride ions as well as nanosilicate, there is no reported literature on the effect of fluoride-doped nanosilicates on stem cells. We have systematically evaluated the interaction of fluoride nanosilicate platelets (NS + F) with human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs) to probe the cytotoxicity, cellular transport (internalization) and osteogenic differentiation capabilities in comparison with already reported nanosilicate platelets without fluoride (NS − F). To understand the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of the nanosilicate system, nanosilicate treated hDFSCs are cultured in three different medium namely normal growth medium, osteoconductive medium, and osteoinductive medium up to 21 d. NS + F treated stem cells show higher ALP activity, osteopontin levels and significant alizarin red staining compared to NS − F treated cells. This study highlights that the particles having fluoride additives (NS + F) aid in enhancing the osteogenic differentiation capabilities of hDFSCs thus potential nanobiomaterial for periodontal bone tissue regeneration.
Collapse
|
29
|
Adhikari R, Chen C, Waters E, West FD, Kim WK. Isolation and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Broiler Chicken Compact Bones. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1892. [PMID: 30723419 PMCID: PMC6350342 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used as an avian culture model to better understand osteogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic pathways and to identify unique bioactive nutrients and molecules which can promote or inhibit these pathways. MSCs could also be used as a model to study various developmental, physiological, and therapeutic processes in avian and other species. MSCs are multipotent stem cells that are capable of differentiation into bone, muscle, fat, and closely related lineages and express unique and specific cell surface markers. MSCs have been isolated from numerous sources including human, mouse, rabbit, and chicken with potential clinical and agricultural applications. MSCs from chicken compact bones have not been isolated and characterized yet. In this study, MSCs were isolated from compact bones of the femur and tibia of day-old male broiler chicks to investigate the biological characteristics of the isolated cells. Isolated cells took 8–10 days to expand, demonstrated a monolayer growth pattern and were plastic adherent. Putative MSCs were spindle-shaped with elongated ends and showed rapid proliferation. MSCs demonstrated osteoblastic, adipocytic, and myogenic differentiation when induced with specific differentiation media. Cell surface markers for MSCs such as CD90, CD105, CD73, CD44 were detected positive and CD31, CD34, and CD45 cells were detected negative by PCR assay. The results suggest that MSCs isolated from broiler compact bones (cBMSCs) possess similar biological characteristics as MSCs isolated from other chicken tissue sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Chongxiao Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Waters
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Iordachescu A, Williams RL, Hulley PA, Grover LM. Organotypic Culture of Bone-Like Structures Using Composite Ceramic-Fibrin Scaffolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 48:e79. [DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Iordachescu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham United Kingdom
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford; Old Road, Headington Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Richard L. Williams
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Philippa A. Hulley
- Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford; Old Road, Headington Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Liam M. Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
This chapter describes the isolation, culture, and staining of osteoblasts. The key advantages of this assay are that it allows direct measurement of bone matrix deposition and mineralization, as well as yielding good quantities of osteoblasts at defined stages of differentiation for molecular and histological analysis. An additional focus of this chapter will be the culture of osteoblasts from less conventional animal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês P Perpétuo
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Lucie E Bourne
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Isabel R Orriss
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ghuman MS, Al-Masri M, Xavier G, Cobourne MT, McKay IJ, Hughes FJ. Gingival fibroblasts prevent BMP-mediated osteoblastic differentiation. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:300-309. [PMID: 30511378 PMCID: PMC6492095 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The inhibitory action of the superficial gingival connective tissues may limit the regenerative potential of alveolar bone in periodontal therapy or dental implant applications. The aims of this study were to investigate the hypothesis that gingival fibroblasts (GF) can inhibit bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐induced osteoblastic differentiation, to determine their expression of BMP inhibitors, and finally to determine whether reduction of these inhibitors can relieve suppression of osteoblastic differentiation. Methods Gingival fibroblasts were co‐cultured either directly or indirectly with calvarial osteoblasts to assess alkaline phosphatase inhibitory activity, a marker of osteoblastic differentiation. To test total BMP‐inhibitory activity of rat GF, conditioned media (GFCM) were collected from cultures. ROS 17/2.8 osteoblastic cells were stimulated with BMP2, together with GFCM. Inhibitor expression was tested using RT‐qPCR, Western blotting and in situ hybridization. Removal of inhibitors was carried out using immunoprecipitation beads. Results Co‐culture experiments showed GF‐secreted factors that inhibit BMP‐stimulated ALP activity. 10 ng/ml BMP2 increased alkaline phosphatase expression in ROS cells by 41%. GFCM blocked BMP activity which was equivalent to the activity of 100 ng/ml Noggin, a well‐described BMP inhibitor. Cultured gingival fibroblasts constitutively expressed BMP antagonist genes from the same subfamily, Grem1, Grem2 and Nbl1 and the Wnt inhibitor Sfrp1. Gremlin1 (6.7 × reference gene expression) had highest levels of basal expression. ISH analysis showed Gremlin1 expression was restricted to the inner half of the gingival lamina propria and the PDL. Removal of Gremlin1 protein from GFCM eliminated the inhibitory effect of GFCM on ALP activity in ROS cells. Subsequent addition of recombinant Gremlin1 restored the inhibitory activity. Conclusions Factors secreted by gingival fibroblasts inhibit BMP‐induced bone formation and a range of BMP inhibitors are constitutively expressed in gingival connective tissues. These inhibitors, particularly Gremlin1, may limit coronal alveolar bone regenerative potential during oral and periodontal surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep S Ghuman
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Guilherme Xavier
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martyn T Cobourne
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian J McKay
- Department of Adult Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Francis J Hughes
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ahn SH, Chen Z, Lee J, Lee SW, Min SH, Kim ND, Lee TH. Inhibitory Effects of 2N1HIA (2-(3-(2-Fluoro-4-Methoxyphenyl)-6-Oxo-1(6H)-Pyridazinyl)- N-1H-Indol-5-Ylacetamide) on Osteoclast Differentiation via Suppressing Cathepsin K Expression. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123139. [PMID: 30501117 PMCID: PMC6321589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large multinucleated cells which are induced by the regulation of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), which is important in bone resorption. Excessive osteoclast differentiation can cause pathologic bone loss and destruction. Numerous studies have targeted molecules inhibiting RANKL signaling or bone resorption activity. In this study, 11 compounds from commercial libraries were examined for their effect on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Of these compounds, only 2-(3-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-6-oxo-1(6H)-pyridazinyl)-N-1H-indol-5-ylacetamide (2N1HIA) caused a significant decrease in multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cell formation in a dose-dependent manner, without inducing cytotoxicity. The 2N1HIA compound neither affected the expression of osteoclast-specific gene markers such as TRAF6, NFATc1, RANK, OC-STAMP, and DC-STAMP, nor the RANKL signaling pathways, including p38, ERK, JNK, and NF-κB. However, 2N1HIA exhibited a significant impact on the expression levels of CD47 and cathepsin K, the early fusion marker and critical protease for bone resorption, respectively. The activity of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) decreased due to 2N1HIA treatment. Accordingly, bone resorption activity and actin ring formation decreased in the presence of 2N1HIA. Taken together, 2N1HIA acts as an inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation by attenuating bone resorption activity and may serve as a potential candidate in preventing and/or treating osteoporosis, or other bone diseases associated with excessive bone resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Ahn
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Jinkyung Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Seok-Woo Lee
- Department of Dental Education and Periodontology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Sang Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea.
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- NDBio Therapeutics Inc., S24 Floor, Songdogwahak-ro 32, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21984, Korea.
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dayan A, Lamed R, Benayahu D, Fleminger G. RGD-modified dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase as a molecular bridge for enhancing the adhesion of bone forming cells to titanium dioxide implant surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:545-551. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Dayan
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; The School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Raphael Lamed
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; The School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Dafna Benayahu
- The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Gideon Fleminger
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; The School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology; Tel Aviv Israel
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wasnik S, Rundle CH, Baylink DJ, Yazdi MS, Carreon EE, Xu Y, Qin X, Lau KHW, Tang X. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D suppresses M1 macrophages and promotes M2 differentiation at bone injury sites. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98773. [PMID: 30185660 PMCID: PMC6171806 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An indispensable role of macrophages in bone repair has been well recognized. Previous data have demonstrated the copresence of M1 macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during the proinflammatory stage of bone repair. However, the exact role of M1 macrophages in MSC function and bone repair is unknown. This study aimed to define the role of M1 macrophages at bone injury sites via the function of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) in suppressing M1 but promoting M2 differentiation. We showed that 1,25(OH)2D suppressed M1 macrophage-mediated enhancement of MSC migration. Additionally, 1,25(OH)2D inhibited M1 macrophage secretion of osteogenic proteins (i.e., Oncostatin M, TNF-α, and IL-6). Importantly, the 1,25(OH)2D-mediated suppression of osteogenic function in M1 macrophages at the proinflammatory stage was associated with 1,25(OH)2D-mediated reduction of MSC abundance, compromised osteogenic potential of MSCs, and impairment of fracture repair. Furthermore, outside the proinflammatory stage, 1,25(OH)2D treatment did not suppress fracture repair. Accordingly, our data support 2 conclusions: (a) M1 macrophages are important for the recruitment and osteogenic priming of MSCs and, hence, are necessary for fracture repair, and (b) under vitamin D-sufficient conditions, 1,25(OH)2D treatment is unnecessary and can be detrimental if provided during the proinflammatory stage of fracture healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Wasnik
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Charles H Rundle
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - David J Baylink
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Safaie Yazdi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Edmundo E Carreon
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Xuezhong Qin
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA.,Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Kin-Hing William Lau
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA.,Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Souza ATP, Freitas GP, Lopes HB, Ferraz EP, Oliveira FS, Beloti MM, Rosa AL. Effect of cell therapy with allogeneic osteoblasts on bone repair of rat calvaria defects. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1267-1277. [PMID: 30196010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Regenerative medicine strategies based on cell therapy are considered a promising approach to repair bone defects. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of subculturing on the osteogenic potential of osteoblasts derived from newborn rat calvaria and the effect of these osteoblasts on bone repair of rat calvaria defects. METHODS Cells were obtained from 50 newborn rat calvaria, and primary osteoblasts (OB) were compared with first passage (OB-P1) in terms of osteogenic potential by assaying cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, extracellular matrix mineralization and gene expression of the osteoblastic markers RUNX2, ALP, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein. Then, 5-mm calvaria defects were created in 24 Wistar rats, and after 2 weeks, they were locally injected with 50 µL of phosphate-buffered saline containing either 5 × 106 osteoblasts (OB-P1, n = 12) or no cells (control, n = 12). Four weeks post-injection, the bone formation was evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histological analyses. Data were compared by analysis of variance, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls's test or Student's t-test (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS OB-P1 showed high proliferation and ALP activity, and despite the reduced gene expression of osteoblastic markers and extracellular matrix mineralization compared with OB, they displayed osteogenic potential, being a good choice for injection into calvaria defects. The micro-tomographic and histological data showed that defects treated with OB-P1 presented higher bone formation compared with control defects. DISCUSSION Our results indicate that cells derived from newborn rat calvaria retain osteoblastic characteristics after subculturing and that these osteoblasts stimulate bone repair in a rat calvaria defect model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gileade Pereira Freitas
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Bacha Lopes
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuela Prado Ferraz
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Singaretti Oliveira
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio Mateus Beloti
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luiz Rosa
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sant'Ana ACP, Damante CA, Frias Martinez MA, Valdivia MAM, Karam PSH, de Oliveira FA, Oliveira RCD, Gasparoto TH, Campanelli AP, Zangrando MSR, Rezende MLRD, Greghi SLA, Passanezi E. Isolation and characterization of progenitor cells from surgically created early healing alveolar defects in humans: A preliminary study. J Periodontol 2018; 89:1326-1333. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Campos Passanezi Sant'Ana
- Discipline of Periodontics; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics. School of Dentistry at Bauru - University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
| | - Carla Andreotti Damante
- Discipline of Periodontics; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics. School of Dentistry at Bauru - University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Alejandra Frias Martinez
- Discipline of Periodontics; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics. School of Dentistry at Bauru - University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Alejandra Medina Valdivia
- Discipline of Periodontics; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics. School of Dentistry at Bauru - University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
| | - Paula Stefânia Hage Karam
- Discipline of Periodontics; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics. School of Dentistry at Bauru - University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
| | - Flavia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Discipline of Biochemistry; Department of Oral Biology. School of Dentistry at Bauru - University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira
- Discipline of Biochemistry; Department of Oral Biology. School of Dentistry at Bauru - University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
| | - Thais Helena Gasparoto
- Discipline of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Oral Biology. School of Dentistry at Bauru - University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Campanelli
- Discipline of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Oral Biology. School of Dentistry at Bauru - University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
| | - Mariana Schutzer Ragghianti Zangrando
- Discipline of Periodontics; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics. School of Dentistry at Bauru - University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Rubo de Rezende
- Discipline of Periodontics; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics. School of Dentistry at Bauru - University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sebastião Luiz Aguiar Greghi
- Discipline of Periodontics; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics. School of Dentistry at Bauru - University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
| | - Euloir Passanezi
- Discipline of Periodontics; Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics. School of Dentistry at Bauru - University of São Paulo; Bauru São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Berger MB, Cohen DJ, Olivares-Navarrete R, Williams JK, Cochran DL, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Human osteoblasts exhibit sexual dimorphism in their response to estrogen on microstructured titanium surfaces. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:30. [PMID: 29970177 PMCID: PMC6029108 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osseointegration is dependent on the implant surface, surrounding bone quality, and the systemic host environment, which can differ in male and female patients. Titanium (Ti) implants with microstructured surfaces exhibit greater pullout strength when compared to smooth-surfaced implants and exhibit enhanced osteogenic cellular responses in vitro. Previous studies showed that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] has a greater effect on rat osteoblast differentiation on microstructured Ti compared to smooth Ti surfaces and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). The stimulatory effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on differentiation is observed in female osteoblasts on micro-rough Ti, but it is not known if male osteoblasts behave similarly in response to E2 and microtopography. This study assessed whether human male and female osteoblasts exhibit sex-specific differences in response to E2 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 when cultured on microstructured Ti surfaces. METHODS Osteoblasts from three male and three female human donors were cultured on Ti discs with varying surface profiles: a smooth pretreatment (PT), a coarse grit-blasted/acid-etched (SLA), and an SLA surface having undergone modification in a nitrogen environment and stored in saline to maintain hydrophilicity (modSLA). Cells cultured on these surfaces were treated with E2 or 1α,25(OH)2D3. RESULTS Male and female human osteoblasts responded similarly to microstructure although there were donor-specific differences; cell number decreased, and osteocalcin (OCN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and latent and active transforming growth factor 1 increased on SLA and modSLA compared to TCPS. Female osteoblasts had higher alkaline phosphatase activity and OCN production than male counterparts but produced less OPG. Both sexes responded similarly to 1α,25(OH)2D3. E2 treatment reduced cell number and increased osteoblast differentiation and factor production only in female cells. CONCLUSIONS Male and female human osteoblasts respond similarly to microstructure and 1α,25(OH)2D3 but exhibit sexual dimorphism in substrate-dependent responses to E2. E2 affected female osteoblasts, suggesting that signaling is sex-specific and surface-dependent. Donor osteoblasts varied in response, demonstrating the need to test multiple donors when examining human samples. Understanding how male and female cells respond to orthopedic biomaterials will enable greater predictability post-implantation as well as therapies that are more patient-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA
| | | | - David L Cochran
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA. .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA.,Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Longley R, Ferreira AM, Gentile P. Recent Approaches to the Manufacturing of Biomimetic Multi-Phasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1755. [PMID: 29899285 PMCID: PMC6032374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage lesions of the knee are common disorders affecting people of all ages; as the lesion progresses, it extends to the underlying subchondral bone and an osteochondral defect appears. Osteochondral (OC) tissue compromises soft cartilage over hard subchondral bone with a calcified cartilage interface between these two tissues. Osteochondral defects can be caused by numerous factors such as trauma and arthritis. Tissue engineering offers the possibility of a sustainable and effective treatment against osteochondral defects, where the damaged tissue is replaced with a long-lasting bio-manufactured replacement tissue. This review evaluates both bi-phasic and multi-phasic scaffold-based approaches of osteochondral tissue regeneration, highlighting the importance of having an interface layer between the bone and cartilage layer. The significance of a biomimetic approach is also evidenced and shown to be more effective than the more homogenous design approach to osteochondral scaffold design. Recent scaffold materials and manufacturing techniques are reviewed as well as the current clinical progress with osteochondral regeneration scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Longley
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Ana Marina Ferreira
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Piergiorgio Gentile
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kos O, Alexander C, Brandenburg K, Chen Z, Heini A, Heumann D, Khatri I, Mach JP, Rietschel ET, Terskikh A, Ulmer AJ, Waelli T, Yu K, Zähringer U, Gorczynski RM. Regulation of fetal hemoglobin expression during hematopoietic stem cell development and its importance in bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 57:112-120. [PMID: 29477972 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that an altered tissue redox environment in mice lacking either murine beta Hemoglobin major (HgbβmaKO) or minor (HgbβmiKO) regulates inflammation. The REDOX environment in marrow stem cell niches also control differentiation pathways. We investigated osteoclastogenesis (OC)/osteoblastogenesis (OB), in bone cultures derived from untreated or FSLE-treated WT, HgbβmaKO or HgbβmiKO mice. Marrow mesenchymal cells from 10d pre-cultures were incubated on an osteogenic matrix for 21d prior to analysis of inflammatory cytokine release into culture supernatants, and relative OC:OB using (TRAP:BSP, RANKL:OPG) mRNA expression ratios and TRAP or Von Kossa staining. Cells from WT and HgbβmaKO mice show decreased IL-1β,TNFα and IL-6 production and enhanced osteoblastogenesis with altered mRNA expression ratios and increased bone nodules (Von Kossa staining) in vitro after in vivo stimulation of mRNA expression of fetal Hgb genes (Hgbε and Hgbβmi) by a fetal liver extract (FSLE). Marrow from HgbβmiKO showed enhanced cytokine release and preferential enhanced osteoclastogenesis relative to similar cells from WT or HgbβmaKO mice, with no increased osteoblastogenesis after mouse treatment with FSLE. Pre-treatment of WT or HgbβmaKO, but not HgbβmiKO mice, with other molecules (rapamycin; hydroxyurea) which increase expression of fetal Hgb genes also augmented osteoblastogenesis and decreased cytokine production in cells differentiating in vitro. Infusion of rabbit anti- Hgbε or anti- Hgbβmi, but not anti-Hgbα or anti- Hgbβma into WT mice from day 13 gestation for 3 weeks led to attenuated osteoblastogenesis in cultured cells. We conclude that increased fetal hemoglobin expression, or use of agents which improve fetal hemoglobin expression, increases osteoblast bone differentiation in association with decreased inflammatory cytokine release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Kos
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Alexander
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - K Brandenburg
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Z Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Heini
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - D Heumann
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - I Khatri
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J P Mach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - A Terskikh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - A J Ulmer
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - T Waelli
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - K Yu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - U Zähringer
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - R M Gorczynski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jamal M, Greish Y, Chogle S, Goodis H, Karam SM. Growth and Differentiation of Dental Stem Cells of Apical Papilla on Polycaprolactone Scaffolds. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1077:31-40. [PMID: 30357682 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0947-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable scaffolds are useful tools in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The aim of this study was to test the potential of the human stem cells of apical papilla (SCAP) to attach, proliferate and differentiate on a polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds. SCAP were extracted from the root apical papillae of freshly extracted immature premolar teeth by using enzymatic digestion. Porous PCL scaffolds were fabricated using particle leaching method and NaCl or mannitol as porogens. SCAP of passage 3 were seeded on non-porous and porous PCL scaffolds for up to 14 days. For control, cells were cultured on glass coverslips. Picogreen DNA quantification was used to assay for cell proliferation. Cell differentiation and development of calcification nodules were examined using scanning electron microscopy and alizarin red staining. SCAP showed a comparable attachment, growth and proliferation patterns on PCL scaffolds and coverslips. Cell proliferation was enhanced on mannitol scaffolds at all time points. Calcification nodules were detected in all PCL scaffolds while it was not present on glass coverslips. These nodules were detected on NaCl-scaffolds by day 7 and on mannitol and non-porous scaffolds by day 14. In conclusion, SCAP were able to attach, proliferate and differentiate on PCL scaffolds without using any inductive media, indicating their potential application for dental tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Jamal
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Endodontics, Hamdan Bin Mohamed College of Dental Medicine, Mohamed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yaser Greish
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sami Chogle
- Department of Endodontics, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harold Goodis
- Department of Preventive & Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sherif M Karam
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cheng A, Chen H, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Imaging analysis of the interface between osteoblasts and microrough surfaces of laser-sintered titanium alloy constructs. J Microsc 2017; 270:41-52. [PMID: 28960365 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous work using focused ion beam (FIB) analysis of osteoblasts on smooth and microrough Ti surfaces showed that the average cell aspect ratio and distance from the surface are greater on the rough surface. In order to better interrogate the relationship between individual cells and their substrate using multiple imaging modalities, we developed a method that tracks the same cell across confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to correlate surface microroughness with cell morphology and cytoskeleton; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to provide higher resolution for observation of nanoroughness as well as chemical mapping via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for high-resolution imaging. FIB was used to prepare thin sections of the cell-material interface for TEM, or for three-dimensional electron tomography. Cells were cultured on laser-sintered Ti-6Al-4V substrates with polished or etched surfaces. Direct cell to surface attachments were observed across surfaces, though bridging across macroscale surface features occurred on rough substrates. Our results show that surface roughness, cell cytoskeleton and gross morphology can be correlated with the cell-material cross-sectional interface at the single cell level across multiple high-resolution imaging modalities. This work provides a platform method for further investigating mechanisms of the cell-material interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Cheng
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, U.S.A.,Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A
| | - B D Boyan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yamamoto Y, Ohsaki Y, Goto T, Nakasima A, Iijima T. Effects of Static Magnetic Fields on Bone Formation in Rat Osteoblast Cultures. J Dent Res 2016; 82:962-6. [PMID: 14630895 DOI: 10.1177/154405910308201205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the promotional effects on osteoblasts of pulsed electromagnetic fields have been well-demonstrated, the effects of static magnetic fields (SMF) remain unclear; nevertheless, magnets have been clinically used as a ’force source’ in various orthodontic treatments. We undertook the present investigation to study the effects of SMF on osteoblastic differentiation, proliferation, and bone nodule formation using a rat calvaria cell culture. During a 20-day culture, the values of the total area and the number and average size of bone nodules showed high levels in the presence of SMF. In the matrix development and mineralization stages, the calcium content in the matrix and two markers of osteoblastic phenotype (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) also showed a significant increase. Accordingly, these findings suggest that SMF stimulates bone formation by promoting osteoblastic differentiation and/or activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamamoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chow SKH, Leung KS, Qin J, Guo A, Sun M, Qin L, Cheung WH. Mechanical stimulation enhanced estrogen receptor expression and callus formation in diaphyseal long bone fracture healing in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:2989-3000. [PMID: 27155884 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Estrogen receptor (ER) in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic fracture was reported to exhibit delayed expression. Mechanical stimulation enhanced ER-α expression in osteoporotic fracture callus at the tissue level. ER was also found to be required for the effectiveness of vibrational mechanical stimulation treatment in osteoporotic fracture healing. INTRODUCTION Estrogen receptor(ER) is involved in mechanical signal transduction in bone metabolism. Its expression was reported to be delayed in osteoporotic fracture healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles played by ER during osteoporotic fracture healing enhanced with mechanical stimulation. METHODS Ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic SD rats that received closed femoral fractures were divided into five groups, (i) SHAM, (ii) SHAM-VT, (iii) OVX, (iv) OVX-VT, and (v) OVX-VT-ICI, where VT stands for whole-body vibration treatment and ICI for ER antagonization by ICI 182,780. Callus formation and gene expression were assessed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks postfracture. In vitro osteoblastic differentiation, mineralization, and ER-α expression were assessed. RESULTS The delayed ER expression was found to be enhanced by vibration treatment. Callus formation enhancement was shown by callus morphometry and micro-CT analysis. Enhancement effects by vibration were partially abolished when ER was modulated by ICI 182,780, in terms of callus formation capacity at 2-4 weeks and ER gene and protein expression at all time points. In vitro, ER expression in osteoblasts was not enhanced by VT treatment, but osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization were enhanced under estrogen-deprived condition. When osteoblastic cells were modulated by ICI 182,780, enhancement effects of VT were eliminated. CONCLUSIONS Vibration was able to enhance ER expression in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic fracture healing. ER was essential in mechanical signal transduction and enhancement in callus formation effects during osteoporotic fracture healing enhanced by vibration. The enhancement of ER-α expression by mechanical stimulation was not likely to be related to the increased expression in osteoblastic cells but rather to the systemic enhancement in recruitment of ER-expressing progenitor cells through increased blood flow and neo-angiogenesis. This finding might explain the observed difference in mechanical sensitivity of osteoporotic fracture to mechanical stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S K H Chow
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, The People's Republic of China
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, The People's Republic of China
| | - K S Leung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, The People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, The People's Republic of China
| | - J Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, The People's Republic of China
| | - A Guo
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, The People's Republic of China
| | - M Sun
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, The People's Republic of China
| | - L Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, The People's Republic of China
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, The People's Republic of China
- Translational Medicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, The People's Republic of China
| | - W H Cheung
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, The People's Republic of China.
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, The People's Republic of China.
- Translational Medicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, The People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Castro-Raucci LMS, Teixeira LN, Oliveira IR, Raucci-Neto W, Jacobovitz M, Rosa AL, de Oliveira PT. Osteogenic cell response to calcium aluminate-based cement. Int Endod J 2016; 50:771-779. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. S. Castro-Raucci
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- School of Dentistry; University of Ribeirão Preto; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - L. N. Teixeira
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology; São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center; Campinas SP Brazil
| | - I. R. Oliveira
- Institute for Research and Development; University of Vale do Paraíba; São José dos Campos SP Brazil
| | - W. Raucci-Neto
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- School of Dentistry; University of Ribeirão Preto; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - M. Jacobovitz
- Endodontics Private Practitioner; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - A. L. Rosa
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - P. T. de Oliveira
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Charles PD, Anandapandian PA, Samuel S. Osteogenic potential of laser modified and conditioned titanium zirconium surfaces. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2016; 16:253-8. [PMID: 27621544 PMCID: PMC5000562 DOI: 10.4103/0972-4052.186403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Statement of Problem: The osseointegration of dental implant is related to their composition and surface treatment. Titanium zirconium (TiZr) has been introduced as an alternative to the commercially pure titanium and its alloys as dental implant material, which is attributed to its superior mechanical and biological properties. Surface treatments of TiZr have been introduced to enhance their osseointegration ability; however, reliable, easy to use surface modification technique has not been established. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) laser surface treatment of TiZr implant alloy on their osteogenic potential. Materials and Methods: Twenty disc-shaped samples of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm height were milled from the TiZr alloy ingot. The polished discs were ultrasonically cleaned in distilled water. Ten samples each were randomly selected as Group A control samples and Group B consisted of Nd-YAG laser surface etched and conditioned test samples. These were evaluated for cellular response. Cellular adhesion and proliferation were quantified, and the results were statistically analyzed using nonparametric analysis. Cellular morphology was observed using electron and epiflurosence microscopy. Results: Nd-YAG laser surface modified and conditioned TiZr samples increased the osteogenic potential. Conclusion: Nd-YAG laser surface modification of TiZr, improves the cellular activity, surface roughness, and wettability, thereby increasing the osteogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P David Charles
- Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Shila Samuel
- Department of Biochemistry, VRR Institute of Biomedical Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Donato TAG, Martinez EF, Arana-Chavez VE. Effects of TGF-β1 on mineralization mediated by rat calvaria-derived osteogenic cells. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:1139-1146. [PMID: 27557631 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have analyzed the viability and cell growth, as well as, the mineralization of extracellular matrix (ECM) by alizarin red and von Kossa staining of calvaria-derived osteogenic cultures, treated with TGF-β1 alone or associated with Dex comparing with acid ascorbic (AA) + β-glicerophosphate (βGP) (positive mineralization control). The expression of the noncollagenous proteins bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN) and fibronectin (FN) were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence. In addition, the main ultrastructural morphological findings were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Osteogenic cells were isolated of calvaria bone from newborn (2-day-old) Wistar rats were treated with TGF-β1 alone or with dexamethasone for 7, 10, and 14 days. As positive mineralization control, the cells were supplemented only with AA+ βGP. As negative control, the cells were cultured with basal medium (α-MEM + 10%FBS + 1%gentamicin). The treatment with TGF-β1, even when combined with Dex, decreased the viability and cell growth when compared with the positive control. Osteoblastic cell cultures were positive to alizarin red and von Kossa stainings after AA + βGP and Dex alone treatments. Positive immunoreaction was found for BSP, OPN and FN in all studied treatments. Otherwise, when the cell cultures were supplemented with TGF-β1 and TGF-β1 + Dex, no mineralization was observed in any of the studied periods. These present findings suggest that TGF-β1, in the studied in vitro doses, inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells by impairment of nodule formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiani A G Donato
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Laboratory of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth F Martinez
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Laboratory of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Oral Pathology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor E Arana-Chavez
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, Laboratory of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang C, Li Q, Deng S, Fu W, Tang X, Chen G, Qin T, Li J. bFGF- and CaPP-Loaded Fibrin Clots Enhance the Bioactivity of the Tendon-Bone Interface to Augment Healing. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:1972-82. [PMID: 27159301 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516637603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendon-to-bone healing is a complex and slow process, and the rate of poor healing remains high. In recent years, several new strategies have been developed that enhance tendon-to-bone healing by increasing the bioactivity. Fibrin clots have been widely used to improve tissue healing and tissue engineering, HYPOTHESIS Modified fibrin clots can improve the bioactivity of the tendon-bone interface and histological appearance. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 27 male New Zealand White rabbits were used. Of these, 3 were used for cell isolation, and the remaining 24 rabbits were divided into 2 groups (12 per group) for an in vivo partial patellectomy study. The setting time, degradation time, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and ceramide-activated protein phosphatase (CaPP) release kinetics of bFGF- and CaPP-loaded fibrin clots were modified appropriately for early tendon-to-bone healing. In an in vitro experiment, the bFGF- and CaPP-loaded fibrin clots were assessed for cell migration and proliferation by microscopy, MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, and DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) assay. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and a Western blot assay were performed to test for an induction effect of the bFGF- and CaPP-loaded fibrin clots. Finally, for the in vivo experiment, the rabbits were divided into 2 treatment groups: one with bFGF- and CaPP-loaded fibrin clots and one without bFGF- and CaPP-loaded fibrin clots after partial patellectomy in patella-patellar tendon sutured sites. A histological evaluation was performed at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after surgery. RESULTS The sitting time and degradation time of the bFGF- and CaPP-loaded fibrin clots were set at 15 seconds and more than 2 weeks, respectively, and the porosity was minimized to achieve the highest levels of cell migration and growth. In the bFGF-CaPP group of the in vitro experiment, cell proliferation increased to a greater extent relative to the control group (P < .05); the mRNA expression of osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase, runt-related transcription factor 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and collagen type I was upregulated (P < .05); and the relative protein expression of these factors was enhanced (P < .05). In vivo, hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the tendon-to-bone connections were more mature and more arranged when treated with bFGF- and CaPP-loaded fibrin clots than when untreated, and the histological scores were higher. CONCLUSION bFGF- and CaPP-loaded fibrin clots enhanced cell migration and proliferation and the expression of related genes and proteins, which increased the bioactivity of the tendon-bone interface and resulted in the histological improvement of tendon-to-bone healing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE As fibrin clots have already been used in clinical practice, bFGF- and CaPP-loaded fibrin clots can be further used to augment healing in the early stages of tendon-to-bone healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Senlin Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weili Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingwu Qin
- Institute of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Concise Review: In Vitro Formation of Bone-Like Nodules Sheds Light on the Application of Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1587-1593. [PMID: 27458265 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
: Harnessing the differentiation of stem cells into bone-forming cells represents an intriguing avenue for the creation of functional skeletal tissues. Therefore, a profound understanding of bone development and morphogenesis sheds light on the regenerative application of stem cells in orthopedics and dentistry. In this concise review, we summarize the studies deciphering the mechanisms that govern osteoblast differentiation in the context of in vitro formation of bone-like nodules, including morphologic and molecular events as well as cellular contributions to mineral nucleation, occurring during osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. This article also highlights the limitations of current translational applications of stem cells and opportunities to use the bone-like nodule model for bone regenerative therapies. SIGNIFICANCE Harnessing the differentiation of stem cells into bone-forming cells represents an intriguing avenue for the creation of functional skeletal tissues. Therefore, a profound understanding of bone development and morphogenesis sheds light on the regenerative application of stem cells in orthopedics and dentistry. In this concise review, studies deciphering the mechanisms that govern osteoblast commitment and differentiation are summarized. This article highlights the limitations of current translational applications of stem cells and the opportunities to use the bone-like nodule model for bone regenerative therapies.
Collapse
|
50
|
Gong T, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Troczynski T, Häfeli UO. Osteogenic and anti-osteoporotic effects of risedronate-added calcium phosphate silicate cement. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:045002. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/4/045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|