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Schurmann G, Zweifel M, Giger R, Rau TT, Vinzens S, Dettmer MS, Kurian Y. Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Producing Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In Vivo 2021; 35:1785-1790. [PMID: 33910863 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CASE REPORT We report on the case of a 47-year old woman with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-producing relapsed oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer. Palliative immunotherapy with nivolumab was started. Absolute neutrophilic count increased during the course of immunotherapy and correlated with tumour progression. Under chemotherapy with weekly paclitaxel, dramatic tumour regression and decreasing absolute neutrophilic count were noted. G-CSF concentration in serum increased from 4.77 to 9.61 pg/ml during the final phase of tumour progression. Immunohistochemical staining of the initial biopsies showed that some of the tumour cells as well as infiltrating cells stained positively for G-CSF, and some of the tumour cells even stained positively for the G-CSF receptor. CONCLUSION Leukaemoid reaction in malignant disease with increased neutrophilic granulocytes has been shown to correlate with dismal prognosis in other tumours. The role of G-CSF in progression and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas is still unclear but in patients with these tumours there seems also to be a correlation between elevated G-CSF and poor prognosis. Further systematic evaluation of G-CSF secretion in this tumour entity should clarify the role and potential treatment possibilities for these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Zweifel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biel-Bienne, Switzerland;
| | - Roland Giger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tilman T Rau
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Yojena Kurian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Biel-Bienne, Switzerland
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2
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Kang K, Park JH, Ryu JY, Lee SY, Ko GJ, Kwon YJ. Acute pyelonephritis with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Blood Res 2013; 48:63-6. [PMID: 23589799 PMCID: PMC3625010 DOI: 10.5045/br.2013.48.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraneoplastic leukocytosis was defined as elevated white blood cell (WBC) levels caused by cytokines, likely produced by the tumor itself, without evidence of infection or myeloproliferative disease. We report a case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with leukocytosis caused by elevated production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) by the carcinoma. Initially, acute pyelonephritis (APN) was diagnosed and treatment for APN was ongoing, but the WBC count steadily increased to 68.8×10(9)/L. She was diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma on her neck mass, and the serum concentration of G-CSF was found to be markedly increased at 1,010 pg/mL. In spite of supportive care, the patient's condition rapidly deteriorated and the patient died on day 23 of hospital stay. Leukocytosis without definite evidence of infection could be a paraneoplastic manifestation in patients with malignant tumors, and paraneoplastic leukocytosis may be related to poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunhee Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Dandekar P, Harmer C, Barbachano Y, Rhys-Evans P, Harrington K, Nutting C, Newbold K. Hyperfractionated Accelerated Radiotherapy (HART) for Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Toxicity and Survival Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 74:518-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Stenner F, Liewen H, Zweifel M, Weber A, Tchinda J, Bode B, Samaras P, Bauer S, Knuth A, Renner C. Targeted therapeutic approach for an anaplastic thyroid cancer in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:1847-52. [PMID: 18616678 PMCID: PMC11158382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is among the most aggressive human malignancies, being responsible for the majority of thyroid cancer-related deaths. Despite multimodal therapy including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the outcome of ATC is poor. The human ATC cell line MB1, derived from tumor tissue of a 57-year-old man with thyroid cancer and pronounced neutrophilia, was established from surgically excised tumor tissue. The karyotype of the cell line shows many chromosomal abnormalities. Preclinical investigations have shown antitumor activity and effectiveness of the BRAF kinase inhibitor Sorafenib and the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib. After establishment of the MB1 cell line these agents were applied in vitro and, showing activity in a cell culture model, were also used for in vivo treatment. Sorafenib had some clinical effect, namely normalization of leucocytosis, but had no sustained impact on subsequent tumor growth and development of distant metastasis. Molecular diagnostics of the tumor demonstrated no BRAF mutations in exons 11 and 15 concordant with a rather modest effect of Sorafenib on MB1 cell growth. Clinical benefit was seen with subsequent bortezomib therapy inducing a temporary halt to lymph node growth and a progression-free interval of 7 weeks. Our observations together with previous data from preclinical models could serve as a rationale for selecting those patients suffering from ATC most likely to benefit from targeted therapy. A prospective controlled randomized trial integrating kinase and proteasome inhibitors into a therapeutic regime for ATC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Stenner
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
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5
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Dettori T, Frau DV, Garcia JL, Pierantoni G, Lee C, Hernandez JM, Fusco A, Morton CC, Vanni R. Comprehensive conventional and molecular cytogenetic characterization of B-CPAP, a human papillary thyroid carcinoma-derived cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 151:171-7. [PMID: 15172756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2003.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Revised: 09/05/2003] [Accepted: 09/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell lines derived from different thyroid tumor histotypes are useful for the in vitro study of both the phenotypic and genetic features of these cancers. Although karyotypic changes are known to be associated with thyroid lesions, the chromosome patterns of only a few cell lines have been published. Herein, we report an extensive conventional and molecular cytogenetic investigation of the human papillary thyroid carcinoma derived cell line B-CPAP. Morphological studies and expression of tumor markers in this cell line have been reported previously, but no detailed characterization on the origin of the chromosome markers is available. B-CPAP cells have a rather stable hypertriploid karyotype, with chromosome polysomies and structural chromosome abnormalities featuring whole chromosome arm imbalances. Chromosome banding revealed a main clone with nine chromosome markers, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole chromosome paint (wcp), partial chromosome paint (pcp), and centromeric probes clarified their origin. The use of centromeric probes provided accurate refinement of the rearrangements classified as whole-arm translocations by banding and FISH with wcp probes. Both chromosomal and array-based comparative genomic hybridization experiments confirmed the cytogenetic characterization of this cell line. Moreover, the use of fluorescence immunophenotyping and interphase cytogenetics as a tool for the investigation of neoplasms (FICTION) technique, which simultaneously shows nuclear ploidy and cytoplasmic immunofluorescence, detailed the oncocytic feature of the cells. Intriguingly, despite their origin, they lack most of the features expressed in papillary thyroid tumor cells and have a chromosomal pattern reminiscent of that of a subgroup of oncocytic malignant thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dettori
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
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6
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Takahashi Y, Hamada JI, Murakawa K, Takada M, Tada M, Nogami I, Hayashi N, Nakamori S, Monden M, Miyamoto M, Katoh H, Moriuchi T. Expression profiles of 39 HOX genes in normal human adult organs and anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time RT-PCR system. Exp Cell Res 2004; 293:144-53. [PMID: 14729064 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2003.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HOX genes are well known as master control genes in embryonic morphogenesis. We hypothesized that HOX genes give cells spatial information to maintain tissue- or organ-specificity in adult body and that the deregulated expression of HOX genes results in tumor development. We established a comprehensive analysis system to quantify expression of 39 human HOX genes based on the real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) method. Analysis of 39 HOX genes of 20 normal adult organs by this system revealed that 5' HOX genes were expressed in organs in the caudal parts of the body, and that the more caudal regions the more numbers of HOX genes were expressed. It was also found that the expression patterns of HOX genes were more similar in the adjacent genes on the same cluster rather than in those belonging to the same paralogs. Compared with normal thyroid tissues, thyroid cancer cell lines showed the altered expression of some HOX genes, especially Abd-B homeobox family genes. Our results showed that HOX genes were organ-specifically expressed in adult body and that the deregulated expressions of Abd-B family genes were implicated in thyroid tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Takahashi
- Division of Cancer-Related Genes, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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7
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Ogisawa K, Onoda N, Ishikawa T, Takenaka C, Inaba M, Ogawa Y, Chung KHYS. Establishment and characterization of OCUT-1, an undifferentiated thyroid cancer cell line expressing high level of telomerase. J Surg Oncol 2002; 80:197-203. [PMID: 12210034 DOI: 10.1002/jso.10122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Undifferentiated thyroid cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies, and the prognoses that have been reported are extremely poor. A number of studies have described the clinicopathologic features of this tumor and analyzed its biologic background to explain the extraordinarily aggressive nature of the tumor. Still the mechanism of cellular aggressiveness in undifferentiated thyroid cancer is not yet fully understood. METHODS We established and characterized an undifferentiated thyroid cancer cell line, OCUT-1, derived from the surgical specimen obtained from a 74-year-old Japanese woman with advanced undifferentiated thyroid cancer. RESULTS The cell line had already maintained over 100 passages and was stably cultured for more than a year. The cell line was observed to maintain not only its morphologic similarity to the primary cancer cells, but also its aggressive nature, including high proliferative activity, numerous genetic abnormalities, and cytokine production. Further, we have demonstrated the expression of telomerase activity in the cell, which could represent one of the responsible mechanisms for the cellular aggressiveness of this type of tumor. CONCLUSIONS This cell line might be useful for further study concerning the correlation between telomerase activation and disease progression or anaplastic change in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Ogisawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Sekiguchi M, Shiroko Y, Arai T, Kishino T, Sugawara I, Kusakabe T, Suzuki T, Yamashita T, Obara T, Ito K, Hasumi K. Biological characteristics and chemosensitivity profile of four human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2001; 55:466-74. [PMID: 11686581 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(01)00087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rapidly growing, aggressive neoplasm affecting the elderly which does not respond to most of the therapies. We established cultured cell lines from four untreated tumors. The cultures grew in a monolayer of spindle-shaped cells in three cell lines and of small polygonal cells in one line, having relatively long doubling times and chromosomal abnormalities. The xenotransplantation of the lines in athymic nude mice produced tumors with a histology similar to the original tumors. The immunocytochemical staining showed the expression of PCNA, HLA-class 1, cytokeratin, vimentin and FAS (fatty acid synthase) but not CEA, desmin or P-glycoprotein. The lines secreted TPA, IL-6, IL-8 and few or no thyroid-related hormones in the culture supernatant. One cell line produced G-CSF. The chemosensitivity assay revealed intrinsic drug resistance to nine out of 11 antineoplastic agents. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected MRP (multidrug resistance-associated protein) mRNA but not mdr (multidrug resistance protein)-1 and mdr-3 mRNAs. This finding indicates that the multidrug resistance of these lines is mediated by a P-glycoprotein-unrelated mechanism. The RT-PCR also presented FAS mRNA in all the lines, and IL-6 and IL-8 mRNAs in some of the lines.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Aged
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Fatty Acid Synthases/genetics
- Fatty Acid Synthases/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/analysis
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Karyotyping
- Keratins/analysis
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- fas Receptor/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sekiguchi
- EIectro-Chemical and Cancer Institute, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), although exceedingly rare, is the most aggressive solid tumor known. Early studies on the effects of different therapies may be biased by the inclusion of responsive "small cell" ATC patients, which are now known to be mostly lymphoma patients. Local control of disease with surgery and/or external beam radiotherapy (XRT) is of fundamental importance to enhance survival. Ultimately, nearly all ATC patients die from their disease, which is widely metastatic. Development of effective systemic chemotherapy agents would provide the best chance for long-term survival of patients. Early preliminary data suggest that paclitaxel may be helpful, although no agent has yet been identified to result in dramatic improvements in survival. Select patients may benefit from aggressive multimodal therapy, although it is important to provide appropriate palliative care when desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Ain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Thyroid Clinic, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, USA
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10
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Steube KG, Meyer C, Tachibana M, Murai M, Drexler HG. Bladder carcinoma cell line KU-19-19-derived cytokines support proliferation of growth factor-dependent hematopoietic cell lines: modulation by phorbol ester, interferon-gamma and interleukin-1 beta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 242:497-501. [PMID: 9464244 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.8002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human bladder carcinoma cell line KU-19-19 synthesizes and secretes hematopoietic growth factors. Conditioned medium (CM) from KU-19-19 stimulated the [3H]thymidine incorporation of growth factor-dependent hematopoietic cell lines. ELISA documented high amounts of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; > 5 ng/ml); also granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), macrophage-CSF (M-CSF), stem cell factor (SCF), IL-6, and IL-8 were detected in KU-19-19 CM. Pretreatment with phorbol ester, IL-1 beta, or IFN-gamma increased the level of G-CSF, GM-CSF, and M-CSF in KU-19-19 CM. Thus, KU-19-19 represents a reliable source for purification of G-CSF and can easily be used to support proliferation of growth factor-dependent cell lines. The ability to respond to different stimuli suggests that several regulatory pathways may be involved in cytokine production of this bladder carcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Steube
- DSMZ, German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Department of Human and Animal Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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11
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Horii A, Shimamura K, Honjo Y, Mitani K, Miki T, Takashima S, Yoshida J. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor-producing tongue carcinoma. Head Neck 1997; 19:351-6. [PMID: 9213115 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0347(199707)19:4<351::aid-hed15>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocytosis without infection in patients with malignancies is known as the leukemoid reaction. The mechanisms involved in this phenomenon remain uncertain. METHODS We describe the clinical, biochemical and immunohistochemical findings in a patient with recurrent tongue carcinoma accompanied by marked leukocytosis as high as 96200/ mm3. RESULTS The serum granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) concentration was increased to 204 (normal: < 30) pg/ml, which paralleled to the elevation of white blood cell (WBC) count and the tumor growth. The G-CSF content of the tumor tissue was also elevated (131 pg/mg protein) compared to that in control patients (6.63 +/- 2.63 pg/mg protein). Production of G-CSF from the tumor was evidenced by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody against human recombinant G-CSF. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the G-CSF production of the tumor participates in the mechanisms of the leukemoid reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Horii
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka Teishin Hospital, Japan
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12
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Katsumoto Y, Monden T, Takeda T, Haba A, Ito Y, Wakasugi E, Wakasugi T, Sekimoto M, Kobayashi T, Shiozaki H, Shimano T, Monden M. Analysis of cytotoxic activity of the CD4+ T lymphocytes generated by local immunotherapy. Br J Cancer 1996; 73:110-6. [PMID: 8554971 PMCID: PMC2074300 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that the anti-tumour effect of OK-432 is considerably enhanced by its intratumoral injection together with fibrinogen. In the present study, we generated killer T cells by culturing tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes from thyroid cancer patients who had received this local immunotherapy. Phenotypic analysis revealed that the T cells were positive for CD3+, CD4+, Leu8-, CD45RO+ and T-cell receptor (TCR)alpha beta+, as well as showing strong surface expression of HLA-DR, CD25, LFA-1 and ICAM-1. The generated CD4+ T cells secreted interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, TNF-beta, and interleukin (IL)-6 (but not IL-4), and exhibited a high level of cytolytic activity against several tumour cell lines. The cytolytic activity of these T cells for Daudi cells was inhibited by preincubation with an anti-intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 antibody, but not by preincubation with anti-TCR alpha beta, anti-CD2, or anti-LFA-1 antibodies. Pretreatment with anti-ICAM-1 antibody inhibited T-cell cytolytic activity, but not conjugation with target cells. In addition, incubation with immobilised anti-ICAM-1 enhanced the secretion of IFN-gamma by T cells. We conclude that ICAM-1 expressed on the effector cytotoxic CD4+ T lymphocytes delivers regulatory signals that enhance IFN-gamma secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Katsumoto
- Department of Surgery II, Osaka University Medical School, Japan
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