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Li M, Sun Y, Simard JM, Chai TC. Increased transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) signaling in idiopathic overactive bladder urothelial cells. Neurourol Urodyn 2011; 30:606-11. [PMID: 21351130 DOI: 10.1002/nau.21045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To measure transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) signaling in human bladder urothelial cells (BUC) from non-neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB) patients and control subjects (NB) BUC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary BUC cell cultures were derived from cystoscopic biopsies from two OAB and two NB subjects. TRPV1 expression was detected by immunofluorescence, PCR and Western blot staining. TRPV1 function was assessed by capsaicin (CAP, 6 µM)-evoked intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) changes measured by microfluorimetry imaging. CAP evoked changes in inward and outward currents were recorded electrophysiologically using excised outside-out patches and whole cell configurations using various protocols. RESULTS OAB BUC had significantly increased expression of TRPV1 compared to NB BUC on Western blot. CAP evoked significantly higher maximal [Ca(2+)](i) change over baseline in OAB (84.71 ± 8.96%) compared to NB BUC (60.32 ± 7.93%) (P < 0.05). CAP induced significantly greater percent change in single channel open probability (205.94 ± 20.53% OAB vs. 141.26 ± 16.53% NB, P < 0.05) and normalized inward currents (13.54 ± 1.6 4 pA/pF OAB vs. 8.28 ± 0.89 pA/pF NB, P < 0.05). CAP caused significantly higher percent increase from baseline of whole cell outward currents in OAB (177.12 ± 44.46%) compared to NB BUC (135.98 ± 44.28%) (P < 0.05). Similarly thermal stimulus (45°C solution) evoked significantly higher percent increase in whole cell outward currents in OAB (183.93 ± 14.07%) compared to NB (145.61 ± 10.12%) BUC (P < 0.05). These responses were blocked by 10 µM capsazepine (CPZ), a TRPV1 antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Because only a few subjects were studied, augmented TRPV1 signaling cannot be generalized to all OAB subjects. However, the findings are consistent with the hypothesis that BUC are involved in sensory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Li
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Rashid HH, Reeder JE, O'Connell MJ, Zhang CO, Messing EM, Keay SK. Interstitial cystitis antiproliferative factor (APF) as a cell-cycle modulator. BMC Urol 2004; 4:3. [PMID: 15068487 PMCID: PMC411044 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-4-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2003] [Accepted: 04/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic bladder disorder of unknown etiology. Antiproliferative factor (APF), a peptide found in the urine of IC patients, has previously been shown to decrease incorporation of thymidine by normal bladder epithelial cells. This study was performed to determine the effect of APF on the cell cycle of bladder epithelial cells so as to better understand its antiproliferative activity. Methods Explant cultures from normal bladder biopsy specimens were exposed to APF or mock control. DNA cytometry was performed using an automated image analysis system. Cell cycle phase fractions were calculated from the DNA frequency distributions and compared by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results APF exposure produced statistically significant increases in the proportion of tetraploid and hypertetraploid cells compared to mock control preparations, suggesting a G2 and/or M phase cell cycle block and the production of polyploidy. Conclusions APF has a specific effect on cell cycle distributions. The presence of a peptide with this activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis through disruption of normal urothelial proliferation and repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani H Rashid
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jay E Reeder
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mary J O'Connell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Chen-Ou Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center and Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward M Messing
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Susan K Keay
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center and Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Buskens CJ, Marsman WA, Wesseling JG, Offerhaus GJA, Yamamoto M, Curiel DT, Bosma PJ, van Lanschot JJB. A genetically retargeted adenoviral vector enhances viral transduction in esophageal carcinoma cell lines and primary cultured esophageal resection specimens. Ann Surg 2003; 238:815-24; discussion 825-6. [PMID: 14631218 PMCID: PMC1356163 DOI: 10.1097/01.sla.0000098622.47909.c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate if an integrin-retargeted adenoviral vector could establish a more efficient and tumor-specific gene transfer in esophageal carcinoma cells. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Although preclinical data indicated that adenoviral gene therapy could be a promising novel treatment modality for various malignancies, clinical results are often disappointing. An important problem is the decreased tumoral expression of the Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), which mediates adenoviral entry. Retargeting the adenoviral vector to other cellular receptors, by inserting an arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) tripeptide in the fiber knob, might overcome this problem. METHODS Four esophageal carcinoma cell lines and 10 fresh surgical resection specimens were cultured. All were infected with the native adenovirus (Ad) and the retargeted adenovirus (AdRGD), encoding for the reporter genes luciferase or Green Fluorescent Protein to analyze gene transfer efficiency. RESULTS In all cell lines, an increase in viral expression per cell and an increase in the percentage of transduced cells were seen with the retargeted adenovirus. Also, in the primary cultures of carcinoma cells, a more efficient gene transfer was seen when the retargeted vector was used. This phenomenon was less pronounced in normal cells, indicating that the RGD virus transduces tumor cells more efficiently than normal cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that an RGD retargeted adenovirus infects human esophageal carcinoma cells with enhanced efficiency, while in normal esophageal cells this effect is less pronounced. Therefore, this retargeted vector is expected to have a better performance in vivo, when compared with nonretargeted vectors used for cancer gene therapy so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianne J Buskens
- Academic Medical Center, Deptartment of Surgery, Suite G4-130, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM PATIENTS WITH INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS PRODUCE AN INHIBITOR OF HEPARIN-BINDING EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR PRODUCTION. J Urol 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)66980-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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BLADDER EPITHELIAL CELLS FROM PATIENTS WITH INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS PRODUCE AN INHIBITOR OF HEPARIN-BINDING EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR PRODUCTION. J Urol 2000. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200012000-00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY IS PRESENT IN BLADDER BUT NOT RENAL PELVIC URINE FROM INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS PATIENTS. J Urol 1999. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199910000-00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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KEAY S, WARREN J, ZHANG CO, TU L, GORDON D, WHITMORE K. ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY IS PRESENT IN BLADDER BUT NOT RENAL PELVIC URINE FROM INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS PATIENTS. J Urol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(05)68345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. KEAY
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, the Research Service, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, Allegheny University, Graduate Hospital, and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J.W. WARREN
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, the Research Service, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, Allegheny University, Graduate Hospital, and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - C-O. ZHANG
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, the Research Service, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, Allegheny University, Graduate Hospital, and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - L.M. TU
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, the Research Service, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, Allegheny University, Graduate Hospital, and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - D.A. GORDON
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, the Research Service, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, Allegheny University, Graduate Hospital, and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - K.E. WHITMORE
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, the Research Service, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, Allegheny University, Graduate Hospital, and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Keay S, Zhang CO, Hise MK, Hebel JR, Jacobs SC, Gordon D, Whitmore K, Bodison S, Gordon N, Warren JW. A diagnostic in vitro urine assay for interstitial cystitis. Urology 1998; 52:974-8. [PMID: 9836539 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(98)00488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A low molecular weight urine factor that inhibits the proliferation of normal bladder epithelial cells in vitro was previously shown to be present significantly more often in the urine of patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) than in the urine of asymptomatic age-, race-, and sex-matched control subjects. We sought to determine the specificity of this finding for IC by determining whether the urine of patients with other urogenital inflammatory disorders also contains a factor that inhibits bladder epithelial cell proliferation. METHODS Urine was collected from women with IC, acute bacterial cystitis, or vulvovaginitis, as well as from asymptomatic control women. The proliferation of primary normal adult bladder epithelial cells was determined by measuring 3H-thymidine incorporation in vitro. RESULTS Osmolality- and pH-corrected urine specimens from 50 (86%) of 58 women with IC significantly inhibited human bladder epithelial cell proliferation compared with 3 (8%) of 36 asymptomatic control women, 7 (12%) of 58 women with bacterial cystitis, and 0 (0%) of 12 women with vulvovaginitis (P < 0.001 for the comparison of mean percent change in 3H-thymidine incorporation with IC urine versus urine from each of the control groups). Optimal sensitivity and specificity values of 91.4% and 90.6%, respectively, were achievable at a cutoff of 25% inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation, using all three control groups. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of urine antiproliferative activity may be a useful noninvasive means for diagnosing IC in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keay
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Keay S, Zhang CO, Trifillis AL, Hebel JR, Jacobs SC, Warren JW. Urine autoantibodies in interstitial cystitis. J Urol 1997. [PMID: 9072548 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)65146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis is a chronic bladder disease with certain features that suggest autoimmunity may play a role in initiating or maintaining the disease process. We therefore determined whether immunoglobulin fractions from 14 IC patient and 19 control urine specimens bound in vitro to primary cultures of human bladder epithelial cells, as well as epithelial cells from a variety of other tissues. Urine autoantibodies that bound to normal human bladder epithelial cells were present in 8 of 14 IC specimens (from 6 of 9 IC patients) as compared to 3 of 23 control specimens (from 2 of 17 control patients). These antibodies, which were usually also present at low titers in sera from these persons, bound to at least four nuclear or cytoplasmic antigens, with the specificity of autoantibodies from a given individual varying over time. The autoantibodies were not specific for normal or malignant bladder epithelial cells, but bound to epithelial cells from a variety of tissues. These data show that anti-epithelial cell autoantibodies are present in the urine of IC patients, but suggest that these antibodies are not likely to be a primary cause of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keay
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Decreased sup 3 H-Thymidine Incorporation By Human Bladder Epithelial Cells Following Exposure To Urine From Interstitial Cystitis Patients. J Urol 1996. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199612000-00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Decreased sup 3 H-Thymidine Incorporation By Human Bladder Epithelial Cells Following Exposure To Urine From Interstitial Cystitis Patients. J Urol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)65438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Trifillis AL, Warren JW. URO-9 monoclonal antibody is not a marker for normal human bladder epithelial cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1995; 31:334-5. [PMID: 7543340 DOI: 10.1007/bf02634279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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14
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Sheridan M, Reid IM, Mothersill C, Hennessy TP. Culture of human esophageal endoscopic biopsies. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1995; 31:338-9. [PMID: 7633670 DOI: 10.1007/bf02634281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Keay S, Schwalbe RS, Trifillis AL, Lovchik JC, Jacobs S, Warren JW. A prospective study of microorganisms in urine and bladder biopsies from interstitial cystitis patients and controls. Urology 1995; 45:223-9. [PMID: 7855970 DOI: 10.1016/0090-4295(95)80009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder of unknown etiology. We tested the hypothesis that a microorganism would be found at higher prevalence in urine or bladder tissue from women with IC than from control women. METHODS Urine and bladder tissue were obtained at cystoscopy from 11 IC patients and 7 control subjects. These specimens were cultured for a variety of fastidious and nonfastidious bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses. In addition, special staining techniques were used to examine biopsy specimens and cytospun urine, and tissue sections and outgrowths of explanted bladder cells were examined by electron microscopy. RESULTS Cultures of urine from 6 of 11 IC patients grew five different bacteria (Corynebacterium sp. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Lactobacillus sp, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus morbillorum), human cytomegalovirus, or Torulopsis glabrata; one of these organisms (Lactobacillus sp) was found in urine from 2 patients. Although contamination by urethral organisms is possible, the prevalence of microorganisms in urine of IC patients (6 of 11) was significantly greater than in urine of control subjects (0 of 7) (P < 0.05). Acridine orange staining revealed rods with appropriate morphology in urine from 4 of the 5 IC patients who had positive bacterial cultures and yeastlike organisms in urine and bladder tissue specimens that grew Torulopsis. Additionally, rodlike organisms were seen in urine from 2 IC patients with negative bacterial cultures and cocci were seen in the urine of 1 control patient. Biopsy specimens from 2 IC patients grew Torulopsis sp or Lactobacillus sp, in agreement with the results of acridine orange staining and culture of urine from these patients; in contrast, specimens from 3 control subjects grew small numbers of Pseudomonas sp or Staphylococcus epidermidis, but no organisms were cultured from urine or seen in acridine orange-stained tissue smears. All other cultures and stains were negative. CONCLUSIONS These data do not provide evidence that IC is associated with infection or colonization by a single microorganism. However, they do generate the hypothesis that the prevalence of microorganisms, especially bacteria at low concentrations, is greater in the urine of IC patients than of control subjects. If these results are confirmed by other controlled studies, the question of whether the presence of these organisms is a cause or a result of IC should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Keay
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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Trifillis AL, Cui X, Jacobs S, Warren JW. Culture of bladder epithelium from cystoscopic biopsies of patients with interstitial cystitis. J Urol 1995; 153:243-8. [PMID: 7966781 DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199501000-00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis is a chronic disease of unknown etiology characterized by bladder pain and urinary frequency and urgency. The epithelium may be critical in its pathogenesis; the hallmarks of the disease are visible epithelial defects (Hunner's ulcers and epithelial ruptures). Areas denuded of epithelium are commonly seen, and defects in epithelial permeability are characteristic. We report here the culture and characterization of epithelial cells from cystoscopic bladder biopsies obtained from 7 female patients with interstitial cystitis. Within 4 to 14 days cellular outgrowths appeared from explants incubated in cell medium. Monolayers reached confluence after 6 weeks. Cells of the monolayer were cytokeratin-positive and smooth muscle actin-negative, confirming their epithelial origin. They exhibited epithelial cell ultrastructure including intermediate filaments and junctional complexes. Vesicles bounded by a trilaminar plasma membrane and lateral interdigitations were also present. This is the first report of the culture of bladder epithelium from interstitial cystitis patients. Epithelial cells may be targets for initiating agents and inflammatory effects of interstitial cystitis and should be useful for studies of the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Trifillis
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
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