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Improvement of the Nutritional Quality of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Tubers by Fermentation with Ruminal Crabtree-Negative Yeasts on the In Vitro Digestibility and Fermentation in Rumen Fluid. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine how ruminal Crabtree-negative yeast affects the nutritional characteristics of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) tubers (WBT), in vitro gas and digestibility, and rumen fermentation. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete design with a 5 × 2 (+1) factorial arrangement. Factor A determined the WBT products (a1 = dry WBT, a2 = fermented WBT without yeast in media solution, a3 = fermented WBT with Pichia kudriavzevii KKU20, a4 = fermented WBT with Candida tropicalis KKU20, and a5 = fermented WBT with Saccharomyces cerevisiae), whereas factor B determined the level of fermented WBT replacing cassava chips (b1 = WBT at 50% and b2 = 100% levels). The results of the experiment showed that the fermentation approach could increase the crude protein (CP) content of WBT by around 7% (p < 0.01). The WBT fermented with yeast lowered the number of aerobic bacteria during the fermentation process (p < 0.01). P. kudriazevii KKU20 yeast strain had a 17.3% higher final asymptotic gas volume (Vf) than the C. tropicalis KKU20. Crabtree-negative yeast had a higher in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) than Crabtree-positive yeast after 12 h of incubation (p < 0.01). Fermented WBT with yeast had a higher IVDMD after 24 h of incubation than fermented WBT without yeast in the media solution (p < 0.05). The fermented WBT with C. tropicalis KKU20 enhanced propionic acid (C3) concentrations when cassava chips were replaced for half of all of the diet (C3 ranged from 26.0 to 26.4 mol/100 mol; p < 0.01). Furthermore, Crabtree-negative yeast isolated from the rumen stimulates rumen bacteria more effectively than Crabtree-positive yeast (p < 0.01). According to our findings, nutritional enrichment with yeast might increase the in vitro gas production and digestibility of WBT. The study also demonstrated that Crabtree-negative yeast has a promising lead in terms of improving rumen fermentation quality. However, further research is required before deciding on an effective approach for optimizing the potential of WBT as a feed source.
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Mohanty CS, Syed N, Kumar D, Khare S, Nayak SP, Sarvendra K, Pattanayak R, Pal A, Chanotiya CS, Rout PK. Chemical characterization of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. seeds and safety evaluation of its fatty oil. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bassal H, Merah O, Ali AM, Hijazi A, El Omar F. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus: An Underused Species with Multiple Potential Uses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1730. [PMID: 33302439 PMCID: PMC7762608 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural products, particularly those extracted from plants, have been used as therapy for different diseases for thousands of years. The first written records on the plants used in natural medicine, referred to as "medicinal plants", go back to about 2600 BC. A thorough and complete understanding of medicinal plants encompasses a multiplex of overlapping and integrated sciences such as botany, pharmacognosy, chemistry, enzymology and genetics. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, a member of Fabaceae family also called winged bean, is a perennial herbaceous plant characterized by its tuberous roots and its winged pod twinning and a perennial legume rich in proteins, oils, vitamins and carbohydrates. Besides nutrients, winged bean also contains bioactive compounds that have therapeutic activities like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity, a few of which already been reported. This plant can also be used as a medicinal plant for future benefits. With this concept in mind, the present review is designed to shed the light on the interests in the various phytochemicals and pharmacological pharmacognostical aspects of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Bassal
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon;
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath-Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Othmane Merah
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRA, 31030 Toulouse, France
- Département Génie Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, IUT A, 32000 Auch, France
| | - Aqeel M. Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq;
| | - Akram Hijazi
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon;
| | - Fawaz El Omar
- Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, EDST, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon;
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Nutrient and Antinutrient Composition of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) Seeds and Tubers. J FOOD QUALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/3075208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people in sub-Saharan Africa suffer from protein malnutrition; this results in negative health and economic impacts. Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) is a tropical underutilized legume with beneficial nutritional characteristics such as high protein content, which may help to alleviate these problems. The proximate composition (fat, moisture content, crude protein, ash, and carbohydrate) and antinutrient (tannin and phytate) level of winged bean seeds and tubers were determined using 50 accessions. In the processed seeds, accession Tpt17 had the highest protein content (40.30%) and Tpt48 the lowest (34.18%). In the unprocessed seeds, Tpt17 also recorded the highest crude protein (31.13%) with Tpt125 having the lowest (28.43%). In the tubers, protein content ranged from 19.07% (Tpt42) to 12.26% (Tpt10). The moisture content in the processed seeds ranged from 8.51% (Tpt42) to 6.72% (Tpt6); in the unprocessed seeds, it was between 8.53% (Tpt53) and 3.76% (Tpt14). In the processed seeds, the values of ash ranged from 4.93% (Tpt126) to 4.45% (Tpt15-4); in the unprocessed seeds, it ranged from 4.98% (Tpt17) to 4.55% (Tpt125). In the processed seeds, the fat content ranged from 18.91% (Tpt51) to 14.09% (Tp43) while in the unprocessed seeds, the values ranged from 19.01% (Tpt15) to 13.87% (Tpt3-B). The crude fiber in the processed samples ranged from 13.82% (Tpt6) to 10.40% (Tpt125) while in the unprocessed seeds, it ranged from 7.29% in Tpt51 to 4.83% in Tpt11. Carbohydrate content in the processed seeds ranged from 26.30% (Tpt3-B) to 20.94% (Tpt125) and 39.76% in Tpt3-B to 34.53% in Tpt18 in the unprocessed seeds. The tannin and phytate contents showed remarkably significant differences. In the tubers harvested, significant variation was observed in the parameters evaluated. Winged bean flour could be formulated into various meals for children and adults to reduce malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Tanzi AS, Eagleton GE, Ho WK, Wong QN, Mayes S, Massawe F. Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) for food and nutritional security: synthesis of past research and future direction. PLANTA 2019; 250:911-931. [PMID: 30911885 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Winged bean is popularly known as "One Species Supermarket" for its nutrient-dense green pods, immature seeds, tubers, leaves, and mature seeds. This underutilised crop has potential beneficial traits related to its biological nitrogen-fixation to support low-input farming. Drawing from past knowledge, and based on current technologies, we propose a roadmap for research and development of winged bean for sustainable food systems. Reliance on a handful of "major" crops has led to decreased diversity in crop species, agricultural systems and human diets. To reverse this trend, we need to encourage the greater use of minor, "orphan", underutilised species. These could contribute to an increase in crop diversity within agricultural systems, to improve human diets, and to support more sustainable and resilient food production systems. Among these underutilised species, winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) has long been proposed as a crop for expanded use particularly in the humid tropics. It is an herbaceous perennial legume of equatorial environments and has been identified as a rich source of protein, with most parts of the plant being edible when appropriately prepared. However, to date, limited progress in structured improvement programmes has restricted the expansion of winged bean beyond its traditional confines. In this paper, we discuss the reasons for this and recommend approaches for better use of its genetic resources and related Psophocarpus species in developing improved varieties. We review studies on the growth, phenology, nodulation and nitrogen-fixation activity, breeding programmes, and molecular analyses. We then discuss prospects for the crop based on the greater understanding that these studies have provided and considering modern plant-breeding technologies and approaches. We propose a more targeted and structured research approach to fulfil the potential of winged bean to contribute to food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Stefano Tanzi
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Graham Ewen Eagleton
- Department of Planning, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Nay Pyi Taw, 15011, Myanmar
| | - Wai Kuan Ho
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Quin Nee Wong
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sean Mayes
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Festo Massawe
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Jayanegara A, Harahap RP, Rozi RF, Nahrowi. Effects of lipid extraction on nutritive composition of winged bean ( Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), rubber seed ( Hevea brasiliensis), and tropical almond ( Terminalia catappa). Vet World 2018; 11:446-451. [PMID: 29805208 PMCID: PMC5960782 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.446-451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This experiment aimed to evaluate the nutritive composition and in vitro rumen fermentability and digestibility of intact and lipid-extracted winged bean, rubber seed, and tropical almond. MATERIALS AND METHODS Soybean, winged bean, rubber seed, and tropical almond were subjected to lipid extraction and chemical composition determination. Lipid extraction was performed through solvent extraction by Soxhlet procedure. Non-extracted and extracted samples of these materials were evaluated for in vitro rumen fermentation and digestibility assay using rumen: Buffer mixture. Parameters measured were gas production kinetics, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, ammonia, in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test. RESULTS Soybean, winged bean, rubber seed, and tropical almond contained high amounts of ether extract, i.e., above 20% DM. Crude protein contents of soybean, winged bean, rubber seed, and tropical almond increased by 17.7, 4.7, 55.2, and 126.5% after lipid extraction, respectively. In vitro gas production of intact winged bean was the highest among other materials at various time point intervals (p<0.05), followed by soybean > rubber seed > tropical almond. Extraction of lipid increased in vitro gas production, total VFA concentration, IVDMD, and IVOMD of soybean, winged bean, rubber seed, and tropical almond (p<0.05). After lipid extraction, all feed materials had similar IVDMD and IVOMD values. CONCLUSION Lipid extraction improved the nutritional quality of winged bean, rubber seed, and tropical almond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Rakhmad P Harahap
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Richard F Rozi
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Nahrowi
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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Lepcha P, Egan AN, Doyle JJ, Sathyanarayana N. A Review on Current Status and Future Prospects of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) in Tropical Agriculture. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 72:225-235. [PMID: 28866817 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-017-0627-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Winged bean, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC., is analogous to soybean in yield and nutritional quality, proving a valuable alternative to soybean in tropical regions of the world. The presence of anti-nutritional factors and high costs associated with indeterminate plant habit have been major concerns in this crop. But occurrence of good genetic variability in germplasm collections offers precious resources for winged bean breeding. However, lack of germplasm characterization is hindering such efforts. From a genomic standpoint, winged bean has been little studied despite rapid advancement in legume genomics in the last decade. Exploiting modern genomics/breeding approaches for genetic resource characterization and the breeding of early maturing, high yielding, determinate varieties which are disease resistant and free of anti-nutritional factors along with developing consumer friendly value-added products of local significance are great challenges and opportunities in the future that would boost cultivation of winged bean in the tropics. We review past efforts and future prospects towards winged bean improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrush Lepcha
- Department of Botany, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India
| | - Ashley N Egan
- US National Herbarium (US), Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution - NMNH, 10th and Constitution Ave NW, Washington DC, 20013, USA
| | - Jeff J Doyle
- Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, 412 Mann Library, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - N Sathyanarayana
- Department of Botany, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India.
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Makeri MU, Karim R, Abdulkarim MS, Ghazali HM, Miskandar MS, Muhammad K. Comparative Analysis of the Physico-Chemical, Thermal, and Oxidative Properties of Winged Bean and Soybean Oils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1031246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Usman Makeri
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roselina Karim
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Sabo Abdulkarim
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasanah Mohd Ghazali
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mat Sahri Miskandar
- Food Technology and Nutrition Unit, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kharidah Muhammad
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kortt AA, Burns JE, Caldwell JB, Ferro T, Strike PM. Primary structure of Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor-2a (pI 5.9) from Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC seed. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1991; 10:183-8. [PMID: 1930632 DOI: 10.1007/bf01024782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The primary structure of acidic trypsin inhibitor-2a (WBTI-2a, pI 5.9) from Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC seed was determined. This inhibitor consists of a single polypeptide chain of 180 amino acids including four half-cystine residues and has an N-terminal residue of pyroglutamic acid. The sequence of WBTI-2a, pI 5.9, showed 84% identity to acidic trypsin inhibitor-2 (WBTI-2, pI 5.1) but only 57% identity to the basic trypsin inhibitor (WBTI-1, pI 8.9) and 50% identity to the chymotrypsin inhibitor of winged bean. The data indicate that winged bean seed contains a family of three Kunitz-type inhibitors which have about 50% identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kortt
- CSIRO, Division of Biomolecular Engineering, Parkville Laboratory, Victoria, Australia
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Amino acid sequence of the acidic Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor from winged-bean seed [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC]. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 1990; 9:493-9. [PMID: 1980416 DOI: 10.1007/bf01024626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The primary sequence of trypsin inhibitor-2 (WBTI-2) from Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC seeds was determined. This inhibitor consists of a single polypeptide chain of 182 amino acids, including four half-cystine residues, and an N-terminal residue of pyroglutamic acid. The sequence of WBTI-2 showed 57% identity to the basic trypsin inhibitor (WBTI-3) and 50% identity to the chymotrypsin inhibitor (WBCI) of winged bean, and 54% identity to the trypsin inhibitor DE-3 from Erythrina latissima seed. The similarity to the soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (40%) and the other Kunitz-type inhibitors from Adenanthera pavonina (30%) and wheat (26%) was much lower. Sequence comparisons indicate that the Psophocarpus and Erythrina inhibitors are more closely related to each other than to other members of the Kunitz inhibitor family.
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Kortt AA, Strike PM, De Jersey J. Amino acid sequence of a crystalline seed albumin (winged bean albumin-1) from Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. Sequence similarity with Kunitz-type seed inhibitors and 7S storage globulins. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 181:403-8. [PMID: 2653830 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The complete amino acid sequence of winged bean albumin-1 (WBA-1) of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC has been determined. The protein consists of a single polypeptide chain of 175 amino acid residues, with one disulfide bond, corresponding to a molecular mass of 19333 Da. WBA-1 was found to be homologous with the Kunitz-type seed trypsin inhibitors. The similarity between WBA-1 and the trypsin inhibitors from soybean and winged bean was 38% and 28%, respectively; similarity was most marked in the C-terminal third of the sequence with identities of 47% and 37%, respectively. Significant similarity was found also between the 2S Kunitz-type proteins and the carboxy-terminal region of the 7S storage globulins, suggesting that these two groups of proteins are related and may have evolved from a common ancestral precursor. Circular dichroism measurements suggest a high content of beta sheet (52%) while secondary structure predictions based on amino acid sequence indicate a similar content and distribution of beta sheet to that found for soybean trypsin inhibitor by X-ray diffraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kortt
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Division of Biotechnology, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
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Dayan S, Van Donkelaar A, Kortt A. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic data of the major albumin from Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. J Biol Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Rackis JJ, Wolf WJ, Baker EC. Protease inhibitors in plant foods: content and inactivation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1986; 199:299-347. [PMID: 3541509 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0022-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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