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Jailani ABA, Bigos KJA, Avgoustou P, Egan JL, Hathway RA, Skerry TM, Richards GO. Targeting the adrenomedullin-2 receptor for the discovery and development of novel anti-cancer agents. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:839-848. [PMID: 35733389 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2090541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide responsible for many physiological processes including vascular health and hormone regulation. Dysregulation of AM signaling can stimulate cancers by promoting proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Two AM receptors contribute to tumor progression in different ways. Adrenomedullin-1 receptor (AM1R) regulates blood pressure and blocking AM signaling via AM1R would be clinically unacceptable. Therefore, antagonizing adrenomedullin-2 receptor (AM2R) presents as an avenue for anti-cancer drug development. AREAS COVERED We review the literature to highlight AM's role in cancer as well as delineating the specific roles AM1R and AM2R mediate in the development of a pro-tumoral microenvironment. We highlight the importance of exploring the residue differences between the receptors that led to the development of first-in-class selective AM2R small molecule antagonists. We also summarize the current approaches targeting AM and its receptors, their anti-tumor effects and their limitations. EXPERT OPINION As tool compounds, AM2R antagonists will allow the dissection of the functions of CGRPR (calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor), AM1R and AM2R, and has considerable potential as a first-in-class oncology therapy. Furthermore, the lack of detectable side effects and good drug-like pharmacokinetic properties of these AM2R antagonists support the promise of this class of compounds as potential anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameera B A Jailani
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kamilla J A Bigos
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paris Avgoustou
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joseph L Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Timothy M Skerry
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gareth O Richards
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Circulating Levels of the Cardiovascular Biomarkers ST2 and Adrenomedullin Predict Outcome within a Randomized Phase III Lung Cancer Trial (RASTEN). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051307. [PMID: 35267617 PMCID: PMC8909619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular comorbidity is common in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and may significantly affect treatment tolerability and patient outcome. Still, there are no established biomarkers for objective and dynamic assessment as a tool for improved treatment decisions. We have investigated circulating levels of midregional-pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), midregional-pro-atrial-natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), copeptin (surrogate for vasopressin) and suppression-of-tumorigenicity-2 (ST2), all known to correlate with various aspects of cardiovascular function, in a SCLC cohort (N = 252) from a randomized, controlled trial (RASTEN). For all measured biomarkers, protein levels were inversely associated with survival, particularly with ST2 and MR-proADM, where the top versus bottom quartile was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.40 (95% CI 1.44−3.98; p = 0.001) and 2.18 (95% CI 1.35−3.51; p = 0.001), respectively, in the entire cohort, and 3.43 (95% CI 1.73−6.79; p < 0.001) and 3.49 (95% CI 1.84−6.60; p < 0.001), respectively, in extensive disease patients. A high combined score of MR-proADM and ST2 was associated with a significantly reduced median OS of 7.0 months vs. 14.9 months for patients with a low combined score. We conclude that the cardiovascular biomarkers MR-proADM and ST2 strongly correlate with survival in SCLC, warranting prospective studies on the clinical utility of MR-proADM and ST2 for improved, individualized treatment decisions.
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Kaneda T, Kurata T, Yoshida T, Kibata K, Yoshioka H, Yanagimoto H, Takeda K, Yoshida T, Tsuta K. Massive digital gene expression analysis reveals different predictive profiles for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of advanced lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:154. [PMID: 35135489 PMCID: PMC8822674 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors prolong the survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Although it has been acknowledged that there is some correlation between the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody therapy and immunohistochemical analysis, this technique is not yet considered foolproof for predicting a favorable outcome of PD-1 antibody therapy. We aimed to predict the efficacy of nivolumab based on a comprehensive analysis of RNA expression at the gene level in advanced NSCLC. METHODS This was a retrospective study on patients with NSCLC who were administered nivolumab at the Kansai Medical University Hospital. To identify genes associated with response to anti-PD-1 antibodies, we grouped patients into responders (complete and partial response) and non-responders (stable and progressive disease) to nivolumab therapy. Significant genes were then identified for these groups using Welch's t-test. RESULTS Among 42 analyzed cases (20 adenocarcinomas and 22 squamous cell carcinomas), enhanced expression of MAGE-A4, BBC3, and OTOA genes was observed in responders with adenocarcinoma, and enhanced expression of DAB2, HLA-DPB,1 and CDH2 genes was observed in responders with squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS This study predicted the efficacy of nivolumab based on a comprehensive analysis of mRNA expression at the gene level in advanced NSCLC. We also revealed different gene expression patterns as predictors of the effectiveness of anti PD-1 antibody therapy in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Cadherins/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- Female
- GPI-Linked Proteins/immunology
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Expression/immunology
- HLA-DP beta-Chains/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Nivolumab/therapeutic use
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/drug effects
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Retrospective Studies
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Kaneda
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan.
| | - Takayasu Kurata
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshida
- Discovery Technology Research, Ono Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kibata
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Yoshioka
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, 2-3-1, Shinmachi, Hirakata City, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yanagimoto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Corporate Sponsored Research Programs for Cancer Immunogenomics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takeda
- Research Center of Oncology, Ono Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Yoshida
- Research Center of Oncology, Ono Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Corporate Sponsored Research Programs for Cancer Immunogenomics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Tang Y, Jiang Y, Qing C, Wang J, Zeng Z. Systematic construction and validation of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition risk model to predict prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:794-812. [PMID: 33340396 PMCID: PMC7835007 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to be linked to a poor prognosis, particularly in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the existence of EMT-related gene signatures and their prognostic values in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In the current study, we systematically profiled the mRNA expression data of patients with LUAD in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases using a total of 1,184 EMT-related genes. The prognostic values of the EMT-related genes used to develop risk score models for overall survival were determined using LASSO and Cox regression analyses. A prognostic signature that consisted of nine unique EMT-related genes was generated using a training set. A nomogram, incorporating this EMT-related gene signature and clinical features of patients with LUAD, was constructed for potential clinical use. Calibration plots, decision-making curves, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that this model had a good ability to predict the survival of patients with LUAD. The EMT-associated gene signature and prognostic nomogram established in this study were reliable in predicting the survival of patients with LUAD. Thus, we first identified a novel EMT-related gene signature and developed a nomogram for predicting the prognosis of patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanxia Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cheng Qing
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenguo Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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Larráyoz IM, Martínez-Herrero S, García-Sanmartín J, Ochoa-Callejero L, Martínez A. Adrenomedullin and tumour microenvironment. J Transl Med 2014; 12:339. [PMID: 25475159 PMCID: PMC4272513 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a regulatory peptide whose involvement in tumour progression is becoming more relevant with recent studies. AM is produced and secreted by the tumour cells but also by numerous stromal cells including macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Most cancer patients present high levels of circulating AM and in some cases these higher levels correlate with a worst prognosis. In some cases it has been shown that the high AM levels return to normal following surgical removal of the tumour, thus indicating the tumour as the source of this excessive production of AM. Expression of this peptide is a good investment for the tumour cell since AM acts as an autocrine/paracrine growth factor, prevents apoptosis-mediated cell death, increases tumour cell motility and metastasis, induces angiogenesis, and blocks immunosurveillance by inhibiting the immune system. In addition, AM expression gets rapidly activated by hypoxia through a HIF-1α mediated mechanism, thus characterizing AM as a major survival factor for tumour cells. Accordingly, a number of studies have shown that inhibition of this peptide or its receptors results in a significant reduction in tumour progression. In conclusion, AM is a great target for drug development and new drugs interfering with this system are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M Larráyoz
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja CIBIR, C/Piqueras 98, Logroño, 26006, Spain.
| | - Sonia Martínez-Herrero
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja CIBIR, C/Piqueras 98, Logroño, 26006, Spain.
| | - Josune García-Sanmartín
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja CIBIR, C/Piqueras 98, Logroño, 26006, Spain.
| | - Laura Ochoa-Callejero
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja CIBIR, C/Piqueras 98, Logroño, 26006, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja CIBIR, C/Piqueras 98, Logroño, 26006, Spain.
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Evans JJ, Chitcholtan K, Dann JM, Guilford P, Harris G, Lewis LK, Nagase J, Welkamp AAW, Zwerus R, Sykes PH. Adrenomedullin interacts with VEGF in endometrial cancer and has varied modulation in tumours of different grades. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 125:214-9. [PMID: 22178239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endometrial cancer, in developed countries, is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract. Surgery and radiotherapy are successful in many patients but systemic and recurrent diseases have no consistently effective treatments, and for high grade advanced disease the prognosis is poor. The study investigated characteristics of adrenomedullin in endometrial cancer to assist in identifying targets for developing treatments. METHODS Endometrial samples of women with and without cancer, and the Ishikawa cell line were used to investigate adrenomedullin mRNA regulation, peptide expression, adrenomedullin secretion and effects of adrenomedullin on VEGF secretion. RESULTS Expression of adrenomedullin mRNA was upregulated compared to that in healthy post-menopausal endometria. Adrenomedullin secretion was increased by cobalt chloride in this study. Secretion was reduced by the naturally-occurring compounds, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene (resveratrol), which we have previously demonstrated to also suppress VEGF secretion in endometrial tumour tissue. We noted, for the first time, that adrenomedullin enhanced VEGF secretion from tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS Increased adrenomedullin expression may result in amplifying both tumorigenic and angiogenic activities. A substantial impact on growth of tumours may result in vivo as a consequence of the synergism between adrenomedullin and VEGF. Adrenomedullin, which has altered cellular characteristics in tumour compared to healthy tissue, offers an understudied target with potential to modify endometrial cancer behaviour, complementing other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Evans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Hikosaka T, Tsuruda T, Nagata S, Kuwasako K, Tsuchiya K, Hoshiko S, Inatsu H, Chijiiwa K, Kitamura K. Adrenomedullin production is increased in colorectal adenocarcinomas; its relation to matrix metalloproteinase-9. Peptides 2011; 32:1825-31. [PMID: 21839130 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is highly expressed in various cancer cell lines, suggesting a possible association with cancer growth. In the present study, we examined the expression and/or concentration of AM, its related peptide, adrenomedullin2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) and their receptors in human colorectal cancer and the surrounding normal tissue. In addition, we assessed the correlation between the expression of AM and AM2/IMD with that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. Using a specific immunoradiometric assay, we found that AM concentrations were 2-11-fold higher in colorectal cancer tissues than in the surrounding normal tissues. Moreover, real-time quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of preproAM (+548%), preproAM2/IMD (+2674%), calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) (+518%), receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP)2 (+281%), RAMP3 (+178%), VEGF-A (+277%) and MMP-9 (+864%) mRNAs were significantly higher in cancer tissues than in the surrounding normal tissues, and there was a positive correlation between the gene expressions of MMP-9 and preproAM (r=0.352; p=0.005), but not with preproAM2/IMD (r=0.041, p=0.406). Both AM and AM2/IMD immunoreactivity were detected mainly within cancer cells, whereas MMP-9 immunoreactivity was mostly seen in the surrounding stroma. These findings suggest that AM produced in colorectal tumors acts in concert with MMP-9 in the stroma to contribute to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Hikosaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Circulation and Body Fluid Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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Deville JL, Salas S, Figarella-Branger D, Ouafik L, Daniel L. Adrenomedullin as a therapeutic target in angiogenesis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 14:1059-72. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2010.522328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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