Diketopinic acid — A novel reagent for the modification of arginine

Palladium-catalyzed cascade Heck-type cyclization and reductive aminocarbonylation for the synthesis of functionalized amides

A palladium-catalyzed Heck/carbonylative cyclization process has been explored for the synthesis of functionalized amides. By using nitroarenes as readily accessible nitrogen sources, a variety of amide products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields with good functional group compatibility. Furthermore, a late-stage modification of a natural molecule is also achieved by this protocol.

Water-Soluble Photoinitiators in Biomedical Applications

Light-initiated polymerization processes are currently an important tool in various industrial fields. The advancement of technology has resulted in the use of photopolymerization in various biomedical applications, such as the production of 3D hydrogel structures, the encapsulation of cells, and in drug delivery systems. The use of photopolymerization processes requires an appropriate initiating system that, in biomedical applications, must meet additional criteria such as high water solubility, non-toxicity to cells, and compatibility with visible low-power light sources. This article is a literature review on those compounds that act as photoinitiators of photopolymerization processes in biomedical applications. The division of initiators according to the method of photoinitiation was described and the related mechanisms were discussed. Examples from each group of photoinitiators are presented, and their benefits, limitations, and applications are outlined.