1
|
Ido F, Tessier S, Yoder N, Ramzy J, Longo S. Prolidase deficiency: A novel PEPD missense variant in exon 2. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1388-1394. [PMID: 36757671 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Prolidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease that causes impaired collagen degradation. Altered collagen homeostasis results in the intracellular accumulation of imidodipeptides, which contain proline and hydroxyproline. The many clinical manifestations of prolidase deficiency include dysmorphic facial features, skeletal deformities, hepatosplenomegaly, necrotizing skin ulcers, and recurrent infections. Current clinical knowledge of this genetic disease relies upon few case reports due to its extreme rarity. Diagnosis is dependent on the detection of a pathologic gene variant. Additional diagnostic confirmation may be provided by urine amino acid quantification or reduced in vitro prolidase activity. We present a case of prolidase deficiency caused by a novel variant manifested by skeletal malformations and lifelong multisystemic infections. Genetic testing revealed a homozygous missense variant in the PEPD gene at nucleotide position 200, whereby adenine was replaced by guanine (c.200A > G). The corresponding amino acid change replaced glutamine with arginine at codon 67 (p.Gln67Arg). After boiling the urine sample for hydrolysis, quantitative urine amino acids demonstrated a markedly elevated proline level, confirming the diagnosis. We also provide a discussion of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic testing, and clinical management of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firas Ido
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven Tessier
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicole Yoder
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph Ramzy
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Santo Longo
- Department of Pathology, St. Luke's University Health Network, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Haller CN, George-Abraham JK, Peterson RG, Diaz LZ. A case of prolidase deficiency in a male patient. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 39:94-98. [PMID: 34888915 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Prolidase deficiency is an extremely rare, autosomal recessive disorder resulting in defective collagen formation. We report a case of prolidase deficiency in a male child, highlighting the dermatologic features. Early diagnosis is important as these patients encounter significant multisystem comorbidities requiring multispecialty care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney N Haller
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jaya K George-Abraham
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rosemary G Peterson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Lucia Z Diaz
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eni-Aganga I, Lanaghan ZM, Balasubramaniam M, Dash C, Pandhare J. PROLIDASE: A Review from Discovery to its Role in Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:723003. [PMID: 34532344 PMCID: PMC8438212 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.723003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolidase (peptidase D), encoded by the PEPD gene, is a ubiquitously expressed cytosolic metalloproteinase, the only enzyme capable of cleaving imidodipeptides containing C-terminal proline or hydroxyproline. Prolidase catalyzes the rate-limiting step during collagen recycling and is essential in protein metabolism, collagen turnover, and matrix remodeling. Prolidase, therefore plays a crucial role in several physiological processes such as wound healing, inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis. Accordingly, mutations leading to loss of prolidase catalytic activity result in prolidase deficiency a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by defective wound healing. In addition, alterations in prolidase enzyme activity have been documented in numerous pathological conditions, making prolidase a useful biochemical marker to measure disease severity. Furthermore, recent studies underscore the importance of a non-enzymatic role of prolidase in cell regulation and infectious disease. This review aims to provide comprehensive information on prolidase, from its discovery to its role in health and disease, while addressing the current knowledge gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ireti Eni-Aganga
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Nashville, TN, United States
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Zeljka Miletic Lanaghan
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Nashville, TN, United States
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Muthukumar Balasubramaniam
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Chandravanu Dash
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Nashville, TN, United States
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jui Pandhare
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Nashville, TN, United States
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spodenkiewicz M, Spodenkiewicz M, Cleary M, Massier M, Fitsialos G, Cottin V, Jouret G, Poirsier C, Doco-Fenzy M, Lèbre AS. Clinical Genetics of Prolidase Deficiency: An Updated Review. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E108. [PMID: 32455636 PMCID: PMC7285180 DOI: 10.3390/biology9050108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Prolidase is a ubiquitous enzyme that plays a major role in the metabolism of proline-rich proteins. Prolidase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive inborn metabolic and multisystemic disease, characterized by a protean association of symptoms, namely intellectual disability, recurrent infections, splenomegaly, skin lesions, auto-immune disorders and cytopenia. To our knowledge, no published review has assembled the different clinical data and research studies over prolidase deficiency. The aim of this study is to summarize the actual state of the art from the descriptions of all the patients with a molecular diagnosis of prolidase deficiency reported to date regarding the clinical, biological, histopathological features, therapeutic options and functional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Spodenkiewicz
- Service de génétique, AMH2, CHU Reims, UFR de médecine, 51100 Reims, France; (M.M.); (C.P.); (M.D.-F.)
- SFR CAP SANTE, UFR de médecine, 51100 Reims, France;
| | - Michel Spodenkiewicz
- CESM—Pôle de Santé Mentale, CRIA, CIC-EC 1410 CHU de La Réunion, 97448 Saint-Pierre CEDEX, La Réunion, France;
- Equipe MOODS Inserm U1178, CESP, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - Maureen Cleary
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 3JH, UK;
| | - Marie Massier
- Service de génétique, AMH2, CHU Reims, UFR de médecine, 51100 Reims, France; (M.M.); (C.P.); (M.D.-F.)
| | - Giorgos Fitsialos
- The European Center for Genetics and DNA Identification, DNAlogy. 98 Vouliagmenis Ave. Glyfada, 16674 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vincent Cottin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Coordinating Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, UMR754, IVPC, F-69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Guillaume Jouret
- National Center of Genetics—Laboratoire National de Santé, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg;
| | - Céline Poirsier
- Service de génétique, AMH2, CHU Reims, UFR de médecine, 51100 Reims, France; (M.M.); (C.P.); (M.D.-F.)
| | - Martine Doco-Fenzy
- Service de génétique, AMH2, CHU Reims, UFR de médecine, 51100 Reims, France; (M.M.); (C.P.); (M.D.-F.)
- SFR CAP SANTE, UFR de médecine, 51100 Reims, France;
- EA3801, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lèbre
- SFR CAP SANTE, UFR de médecine, 51100 Reims, France;
- Pôle de Biologie Territoriale, CHU Reims, Service de Génétique, 51100 Reims, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nir V, Ilivitky A, Hakim F, Yoseph RB, Gur M, Mandel H, Bentur L. Pulmonary manifestations of prolidase deficiency. Pediatr Pulmonol 2016; 51:1229-1233. [PMID: 27132891 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolidase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disease, in which pulmonary manifestations have been sporadically reported. AIMS We have encountered two patients who presented with severe pulmonary cystic lesions leading to respiratory failure. This led us to retrospectively evaluate pulmonary involvement in patients with prolidase deficiency treated in our hospital. RESULTS Of 21 patients (including the 2 mentioned above), 12 had a history of recurrent pulmonary infections and 10 were diagnosed as having chronic lung disease. Of seven chest CT scans performed, four patients had subpleural cysts, two patients had bronchiectatic changes, and one had diffused ground glass attenuation and minor linear atelectasis. Three patients died, with all deaths being attributed to respiratory insufficiency. CONCLUSIONS Prolidase deficiency is frequently associated with various pulmonary manifestations, including extensive cystic changes that may be life endangering. The differential diagnosis of bilateral cystic changes should include prolidase deficiency, and pulmonary evaluation should be performed in patients with prolidase deficiency. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1229-1233. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vered Nir
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anat Ilivitky
- Pediatric Radiology, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fahed Hakim
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronen Bar Yoseph
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Gur
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hana Mandel
- Hana Mandel, Metabolic Unit, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lea Bentur
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ruth Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel. .,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Theriot CM, Tove SR, Grunden AM. Biotechnological applications of recombinant microbial prolidases. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2009; 68:99-132. [PMID: 19426854 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(09)01203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Prolidase is a metallopeptidase that is ubiquitous in nature and has been isolated from mammals, bacteria and archaea. Prolidase specifically hydrolyzes dipeptides with a prolyl residue in the carboxy terminus (NH(2)-X-/-Pro-COOH). Currently, the only solved structure of prolidase is from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. This enzyme is of particular interest because it can be used in many biotechnological applications. Prolidase is able to degrade toxic organophosphorus (OP) compounds, namely, by cleaving the P-F and P-O bonds in the nerve agents, sarin and soman. Applications using prolidase to detoxify OP nerve agents include its incorporation into fire-fighting foams and as biosensors for OP compound detection. Prolidases are also employed in the cheese-ripening process to improve cheese taste and texture. In humans, prolidase deficiency (PD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that affects the connective tissue. Symptoms of PD include skin lesions, mental retardation and recurrent respiratory infections. Enzyme replacement therapies are currently being studied in an effort to optimize enzyme delivery and stability for this application. Previously, prolidase has been linked to collagen metabolism and more recently is being associated with melanoma. Increased prolidase activity in melanoma cell lines has lead investigators to create cancer prodrugs targeting this enzyme. Thus, there are many biotechnological applications using recombinant and native forms of prolidase and this review will describe the biochemical and structural properties of prolidases as well as discuss their most current applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey M Theriot
- Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7615, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aytug AF, Ergun T, Ratip S, Elcioglu N, Gultepe M, Mercan E, Gurbuz O. Prolidase deficiency associated with hemoglobin O trait and microcytic anemia. Int J Dermatol 2006; 45:867-8. [PMID: 16863530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2006.02690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Viglio S, Annovazzi L, Conti B, Genta I, Perugini P, Zanone C, Casado B, Cetta G, Iadarola P. The role of emerging techniques in the investigation of prolidase deficiency: From diagnosis to the development of a possible therapeutical approach. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 832:1-8. [PMID: 16434239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Revised: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present article is to review the efforts performed in the past two decades by numerous research groups for the development of methods that allow a correct diagnosis of prolidase deficiency (PD), a rare autosomal recessive disorder and for the rationalization of a possible therapeutic intervention on these patients. In particular, the interest of the reader is focused on the application of capillary electrophoresis (i) for the detection of biological markers that reflect the pathological feature of the disease and (ii) for the determination of the efficiency of a carrier system in delivering prolidase inside cells in a possible therapy based on enzyme replacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Viglio
- Department of Biochemistry A. Castellani, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 3/B I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cabrera HN, Giovanna PD, Bozzini NF, Forlino A. Prolidase deficiency: case reports of two Argentinian brothers. Int J Dermatol 2004; 43:684-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|